blender

ブレンダー 　 　

WordNet

1. an electrically powered mixer with whirling blades that mix or chop or liquefy foods (同)liquidizer, liquidiser
2. mix together different elements; "The colors blend well" (同)flux, mix, conflate, commingle, immix, fuse, coalesce, meld, combine, merge
3. combine into one; "blend the nuts and raisins together"; "he blends in with the crowd"; "We dont intermingle much" (同)intermix, immingle, intermingle
4. the act of blending components together thoroughly (同)blending
5. a new word formed by joining two others and combining their meanings; "`smog is a blend of `smoke and `fog"; "`motel is a portmanteau word made by combining `motor and `hotel"; "`brunch is a well-known portmanteau" (同)portmanteau_word, portmanteau
6. an occurrence of thorough mixing
7. blend or harmonize; "This flavor will blend with those in your dish"; "This sofa wont go with the chairs" (同)go, blend_in

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 《おもに米》(料理用の)ミキサー / 混ぜ合わせる人(物)
2. (分離できないほどに)…'を'『混ぜ合わせる』;(…に)…'を'混ぜる《+『名』+『with』+『名』》 / 『混じる』;溶け合う / (…と)『調和する』《+『with』+『名』》(harmonize) / 『混合』,調合;〈C〉『混合物』

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/02/24 14:35:04」(JST)

wiki ja

[Wiki ja表示]

Blender

Blender 2.45
開発元	Blender Foundation
最新版	2.65a / 2012年12月20日 （2012-12-20）
対応OS	Mac OS X、Microsoft Windows、Linux、Solaris、FreeBSD、Irix
種別	3DCGソフトウェア
ライセンス	GNU GPL
公式サイト	blender.org

Blender（ブレンダー）とはオープンソースの3次元コンピュータグラフィックスソフトウェアの一つで3Dモデルの作成、レンダリングのほかアニメーション、コンポジット機能も備える。

特徴

特徴的で効率の良い独自のユーザインタフェース(UI)を持つ。

現在、急速な勢いで機能拡張・整備が進んでおりまだまだ発展途上な部分はあるものの商用のハイエンド3Dツールと肩を並べるほどの機能群を擁する。

またゲームエンジン機能も内蔵しており、Pythonスクリプトなどを利用することによりインタラクティブなコンテンツを制作することができ、さらにはノードベースのコンポジット機能までも装備する。

もともとマルチプラットフォームを前提に設計されているソフトウェアのため、ほとんどの一般的なOSで使用できるのも大きな特徴である。

2.3バージョン系列に入ってからは独自のレイトレーサー（後述する"Traces"のコードが流用された）の内蔵やまた外部GIレンダラーとしてYafrayなどとの親和性が高まり、2.33から物理ライブラリのライセンス問題によりオープンソース化してから長く取り外されていたゲームエンジンが再統合された。

バージョン2.5系列では、UIの一新、Maya FluidやFume FXのような本格的な流体システムに加え、ほぼ全機能の近代化改修、ブラッシュアップが行われ、2011年4月に初の安定版がリリースされた。

2011年後半から2012年にかけてリリースする予定のバージョン2.6系列では、既に2.61においてリアルタイムレンダラであるCyclesやダイナミックペイント、海洋シミュレーション、カメラトラッキング等、他のハイエンドツールにも匹敵する機能を追加し、また、2.62では新しいメッシュ編集ツールであるBMeshの統合も予定されている。

こうした様々な機能と柔軟性から、徐々にプロフェッショナルの現場で使用されはじめている。

また日本語環境も2.49aまでは貧弱だったが、2.49bにて2ちゃんねるのBlenderスレッドの有志が制作・配布した詳細な日本語翻訳テーブルが公式採用された事で強化された。 その後、バージョン2.5系列で国際化がなくなり日本語環境での使用はできなくなっていたが、GSoC2011にて国際化され、平行して日本の有志により再び日本語対応が行われ、バージョン2.60にて公式に日本語環境が復活した。

歴史

もともとはオランダのCGスタジオ、NEOGEO社に在籍していたトン・ローセンダール（Ton Roosendaal）が1989年にインハウス・ツールとして使用されていた"Traces"の後継として開発を行う為にNot a Number Technologies（NaN）社を設立したのが始まりである。当初はWindows専用ソフトでラジオシティ機能などを実装した有料版と無料版の二種展開であった。

しかし、NaN社は2002年に倒産する。

その後、Blenderのソースコードは債権者の手に渡ってしまう。しかし開発途上にあったBlenderを手放すことができなかったトン・ローセンダールはBlender Foundationを設立、"ソースコード解放"を合言葉に大々的な募金キャンペーンを行い半年で10万ユーロを世界中から集結、ソースコードを再びその手に取り戻した。そして現在Blenderは、GPLの元にオープンソースウェアとして開発・無償配布されている。ソースコードのコメントがオランダ語で書かれている上に、プログラム自体が定石から外れた組み方をしているため、開発を引き次いだ有志は他OSへの移植などで苦戦したという。

参考画像

レイトレーシングとambient occlusionで描画したエンジン。BlenderとYafRayを使って作成。   Blenderは非常に高解像度の画像も扱える。   芝の画像。Blender 2.49.で生成、描画。

関連書籍

• Introducing Character Animation With Blender（洋書）
• 田崎進一『Blenderビギナーズバイブル』 毎日コミュニケーションズ 2006年 ISBN 978-4-8399-2131-6
• トニー・マレン『3Dキャラクタアニメーション Blender』 アスキー 2008年2月 ISBN 978-4-7561-5128-5
• 山崎聡『はじめてのBlender』工学社 2008年3月 ISBN 978-4-7775-1346-8
• トニー・マレン『物理シミュレーションBlender』 アスキー・メディアワークス 2008年12月 ISBN 978-4-04-867551-2
• 藤堂＋『blender 2.5 マスターブック』カットシステム 2011年6月 ISBN 978-4877832643

外部リンク

• http://www.blender.org/ （公式サイト）
• BlenderArtists（ほぼ公式のコミュニティサイト）
• BlenderNation（ほぼ公式ニュースサイト）
• http://blender.jp/

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

For other uses, see Blender (disambiguation).

An electric blender

A blender is a kitchen and laboratory appliance used to mix, puree, or emulsify food and other substances. A stationary blender consists of a blender jar with blade at the bottom, rotated by a motor in the base. The newer immersion blender configuration has a motor on top connected by a shaft to a blade at the bottom, which can be used with any container.

Construction

The blending container can be made of glass, plastic, stainless steel, or porcelain, and often has graduated markings for approximate measuring purposes. In cases where the blades are removable, the container should have an o-ring or gasket between the body of the container and the base to seal the container and prevent the contents from leaking. The blending container is generally shaped in a way that encourages material to circulate through the blades, rather than simply spinning around.

The container rests upon a base that contains a motor for turning the blade assembly and has controls on its surface. Most modern blenders offer a number of possible speeds. Low-powered blenders require the addition of some liquid to operate correctly. In these blenders, the liquid helps move the solids around the jar, bringing them in contact with the blades. The blades create a whirlpool effect which moves solids from top to bottom, ensuring even contact with the blade. This creates a homogenous mixture. High-powered blenders are capable of milling grains and crushing ice without such assistance.

The hand-held immersion blender has no container of its own, but instead has a mixing head with rotating blades that can be immersed in a container. Immersion blenders are convenient for homogenizing volumes that are too large to fit in the bowl of a stationary blender or, as in the case of soups, are too hot to be safely poured into the bowl.

Some of the functions of blenders have been taken over by food processors. In particular, thicker mixtures such as mayonnaise and hummus are conveniently made in food processors.

Applications

Blenders are used both in home and commercial kitchens for various purposes, including to:

• Mix and crush ice in cocktails such as the Zombie, Piña Colada and frozen margarita
• Crush ice and other ingredients in non-alcoholic drinks such as Frappucinos and smoothies
• Emulsify mixtures
• Make smooth purées of semi-solid ingredients, such as cooked vegetables and meat
• Reduce small solids such as spices and seeds to powder or nut butters
• Blend mixtures of powders, granules, and/or liquids thoroughly
• Help dissolve solids into liquids

Blenders also have a variety of applications in microbiology and food science. In addition to standard food-type blenders, there is a variety of other configurations of blender for laboratories.

Development

North America

The Polish-American Stephen J. Poplawski, owner of the Stevens Electric Company, began designing drink mixers in 1919 under contract with Arnold Electric Company, and patented the drink mixer in 1922 which had been designed to make Horlicks malted milk shakes at soda fountains. He also introduced the liquefier blender in 1922.

In the 1930s, L. Hamilton, Chester Beach and Fred Osius, produced Poplawski’s invention under the brand name Hamilton Beach Company. Fred Osius improved the appliance, making another kind of blender. He approached Fred Waring, a popular musician who financed and promoted the "Miracle Mixer", released in 1933. However the appliance had some problems to be solved about the seal of the jar and the knife axis, so Fred Waring redesigned the appliance and released his own blender in 1937, the Waring Blendor with which Waring popularized the smoothie in the 1940s. Waring Products is now a part of Conair. Waring long used the spelling "blendor" for its product.

Also in 1937, W.G. Barnard, founder of Vitamix, introduced a product called "The Blender," which was functionally a reinforced blender with a stainless steel jar, instead of the Pyrex glass jar used by Waring.

Europe

In Europe, the Swiss Traugott Oertli developed a blender based on the technical construction and design style conception of the Waring Blendor, releasing in 1943 the Turmix Standmixer. Based on the blender, Mr. Traugott also developed another kind of appliance to extract juice of any juicy fruit or vegetables, the Turmix Juicer, which was also available as separated accessory for use in the Turmix blender, the juicer Turmix Junior. Turmix had promoted the benefits of drinking natural juices from fruits combined with other vegetables, beyond a sort of recipes using juices to promote its blender and juicer.

South America

In Brazil, Waldemar Clemente, ex-staffer of General Electric and owner of Walita electric appliance company since 1939, designed a blender based on the Turmix Standmixer and released in 1944 the Walita Neutron blender. Clemente also created the name liquidificador, which ever since designated a blender in Brazil. Soon thereafter, Walita acquired the Turmix patents in Brazil and also released the Turmix juicer, calling it the Centrífuga Walita as well the others Turmix accessories for use with the blender motor, as fruit peelers, grinder, crusher and batter mixer. Using the same marketing strategy as Turmix in Europe, Walita passed the million-blenders-sold mark a few years later in the early 1950s. Walita were the first manufacturer to release a wide range of blenders in the 1940s. In the 1950s, Walita made blenders for Siemens, Turmix, Philips, and Sears (Kenmore), among others. In the 1960s Royal Philips Co. approached Walita, acquiring the company in 1971, becoming Royal Philips' kitchen appliances developer division specializing in blenders, which are sold under the Philips brand outside Brazil.

In 1946 John Oster, owner of the Oster barber equipment company, bought Stevens Electric Co. and designed its own blender, which Oster commercialized under the trademark Osterizer. Oster was bought by Sunbeam Products in 1960. which released various types of blenders, as the Imperial series and still make the traditional Osterizer blender.

The Austrian immigrant Hanz Arno, owner of an electric motor manufacturer in Brazil since the 1940s, released a blender in 1947, based on the blenders made by Hamilton Beach and Oster. The Liquidificador Arno was exported to other South American countries. As Arno had stocks of Electrolux, that brand was used on the blender in some countries. Later in 1997 Arno was bought by the SEB Group, owner of Moulinex, T-Fal, Rowenta, and other home appliance brands.

Television advertising

When television made its debut in 1949, Vita-Mix introduced the new and improved Vita-Mix using a 30-minute time slot on WEWS-TV in Cleveland and created the first-ever direct response commercial. This commercial, which ran for several years in many markets, made blender a household word. A copy of this early infomercial holds a special place in the Direct Marketing Association archives.

Increased versatility

With the introduction of the "Kitchen Center" in 1969, the Vita-Mix 3600, and later the Vita-Mix 4000, Vita-Mix extended what could be done in a blender. The large motor and friction cooking capability enabled these machines to freeze and dispense solid ice cream, grind grain, cook soup and make a creamy, smooth juice from whole foods.

With the rising popularity of smoothies, Frappucinos and other frozen drinks prepared in front of the customer, new models of commercial blenders often include a sound-reducing enclosures and computerized controls.

Specialized blenders for making smoothies are becoming popular, chiefly resembling an ordinary model with a spigot added for quick serving. Some models also feature a gimballed stirring rod mounted on the lid, constructed so that mixtures can be stirred whilst the machine is running with no chance of the stirrer fouling the blades.

In 1996 Tom Dickson, founder and CEO of Blendtec, introduced the WildSide blending jar — a unique design that eliminated the need for stir sticks and plungers to make thicker blends. The technology was so effective that Vita-Mix decided to use the design in the company's commercial blending containers. In 2010 the United States court system concluded that Vita-Mix had willfully infringed the patents, ultimately awarding Blendtec $24 million in damages.

Mechanical operation

A blender consists of a housing, motor, blades, and food container. A fan-cooled electric motor is secured into the housing by way of vibration dampers, and a small output shaft penetrates the upper housing and meshes with the blade assembly. Usually, a small rubber washer provides a seal around the output shaft to prevent liquid from entering the motor. Most blenders today have multiple speeds. As a typical blender has no gearbox, the multiple speeds are often implemented using an universal motor with multiple stator windings and/or multitapped stator windings; in a blender with electromechanical controls, the button (or other electrical switching device or position) for each different speed connects a different stator winding/tap or combination thereof. Each different combination of energized windings produces a different torque from the motor, which yields a different equilibrium speed in balance against the drag (resistance to rotation) of the blade assembly in contact with the material inside the food container.

See also

• Blade grinder
• List of food preparation utensils
• Mixer (cooking)
• Will It Blend?

External Links

Blender Reviews

References

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

• Optimized continuous pharmaceutical manufacturing via model-predictive control.

• Rehrl J1, Kruisz J2, Sacher S3, Khinast J4, Horn M5.
• International journal of pharmaceutics.Int J Pharm.2016 Aug 20;510(1):100-15. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.06.024. Epub 2016 Jun 16.
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Japanese Journal

• 乾海苔に含まれる多糖含量とポルフィランの性質

• 濱 洋一郎,常田 尚正,杉本 良子,中川 浩毅
• 日本水産學會誌 = Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries 77(5), 881-886, 2011-09-15
• 乾海苔を 80% エタノールで脱色後，既報に従い無水条件下でメルカプトリシスし，多糖から構成単糖をジエチルジチオアセタール誘導体として定量的に遊離させ，TMS 化後 GLC で分析した。ガラクトース，6-O-メチルガラクトース，3,6-アンヒドロガラクトース，キシロース，マンノース，グルコースが検出され，それらの定量値から対応する多糖量を求めた。秋芽網海苔，冷凍網海苔ともに，摘採回数の増加につれ， …
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• Profile of non-volatiles in whisky with regard to superoxide dismutase activity(BREWING AND FOOD TECHNOLOGY)

• Koga Kunimasa,Tachihara Satoshi,Shirasaka Norifumi,Yamada Yuri,Koshimizu Sei-Ichi
• Journal of bioscience and bioengineering 112(2), 154-158, 2011-08
• SOD (Superoxide dismutase)-like activities of 23 kinds of single malt whisky (Scotch and Japanese) were evaluated. There was a positive correlation between SOD-like activity and the maturation age of …
• NAID 110008711117

Related Links

• blender.org - Home of the Blender project - Free and Open 3D ...

Home of the open source 3D graphics and animation software. Official Blender downloads, galleries, conferences, tutorials, and links.

• Blender入門(2.6版)

本ウェブサイトは『Blenderを利用して3DCGを制作したいが、使い方がよくわからない』という方のために立ち上げた入門用のサイトです。初めての方にもわかりやすいことを心がけているので、Blenderで3DCGを始めてみたいという人はぜひ参考 ...

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「ミキサー」「ブレンダー」
拡張検索	「Waring blender」
関連記事	「blend」

「ミキサー」

　　[★]

英

blender

関

ブレンダー

「ブレンダー」

　　[★]

英

blender

関

ミキサー

「Waring blender」

　　[★]

ワーリングブレンダー

「blend」

　　[★]

• 混合、混ぜる

関

admix、admixture、intermingle、merge、mix、mixture、scramble、shuffle、shuffling