WordNet

any of several complex proteins that are produced by cells and act as catalysts in specific biochemical reactions
any of several vasoconstrictor substances (trade name Hypertensin) that cause narrowing of blood vessels (同)angiotonin, Hypertensin

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酵素

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/10/15 11:08:22」(JST)

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Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE, EC 3.4.15.1), an exopeptidase, is a circulating enzyme that participates in the body's renin-angiotensin system (RAS), which mediates extracellular volume (i.e. that of the blood plasma, lymph and interstitial fluid), and arterial vasoconstriction. It is secreted by pulmonary and renal endothelial cells and catalyzes the conversion of decapeptide angiotensin I to octapeptide angiotensin II.^[1]

Functions

Schematic diagram of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

Anatomical diagram of the renin-angiotensin system, showing the role of ACE at the lungs.^[2]

It has two primary functions:

ACE catalyses the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor in a substrate concentration-dependent manner.^[3]
ACE degrades bradykinin, a potent vasodilator, and other vasoactive peptides,^[4]

These two actions make ACE inhibition a goal in the treatment of conditions such as high blood pressure, heart failure, diabetic nephropathy, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Inhibition of ACE (by ACE inhibitors) results in the decreased formation of angiotensin II and decreased metabolism of bradykinin, leading to systematic dilation of the arteries and veins and a decrease in arterial blood pressure. In addition, inhibiting angiotensin II formation diminishes angiotensin II-mediated aldosterone secretion from the adrenal cortex, leading to a decrease in water and sodium reabsorption and a reduction in extracellular volume.^[5]

Genetics and C and N domains function

The ACE gene, ACE, encodes two isozymes. The somatic isozyme is expressed in many tissues, mainly in the lung, including vascular endothelial cells, epithelial kidney cells, and testicular Leydig cells, whereas the germinal is expressed only in sperm. Brain tissue has ACE enzyme, which takes part in local RAAS and converts Aβ42 (which aggregates into plaques) to Aβ40 (which is thought to be less toxic) forms of beta amyloid. The latter is predominantly a function of N domain portion on the ACE enzyme. ACE inhibitors that cross the blood–brain barrier and have preferentially select N terminal activity may, therefore, cause accumulation of Aβ42 and progression of dementia.^{[citation needed]}

Pathology

Elevated levels of ACE are found in sarcoidosis, and are used in diagnosing and monitoring this disease.

References

^ Kierszenbaum, Abraham L. (2007). Histology and cell biology: an introduction to pathology. Mosby Elsevier. ISBN 0-323-04527-8.
^ Page 866-867 (Integration of Salt and Water Balance) and 1059 (The Adrenal Gland) in: Walter F., PhD. Boron (2003). Medical Physiology: A Cellular And Molecular Approaoch. Elsevier/Saunders. pp. 1300. ISBN 1-4160-2328-3.
^ Zhang R, Xu X, Chen T, Li L, Rao P (May 2000). "An assay for angiotensin-converting enzyme using capillary zone electrophoresis". Anal. Biochem. 280 (2): 286–90. doi:10.1006/abio.2000.4535. PMID 10790312.
^ Imig JD (March 2004). "ACE Inhibition and Bradykinin-Mediated Renal Vascular Responses: EDHF Involvement". Hypertension 43 (3): 533–5. doi:10.1161/01.HYP.0000118054.86193.ce. PMID 14757781.
^ Klabunde RE. "ACE-inhibitors". Cardiovascular Pharmacology Concepts. cvpharmacology.com. http://www.cvpharmacology.com/vasodilator/ACE.htm. Retrieved 2009-03-26.

External links

Proteopedia Angiotensin-converting_enzyme - the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Structure in Interactive 3D
Angiotensin+Converting+Enzyme at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

UpToDate Contents

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1. 肺サルコイドーシスの臨床症状および診断 clinical manifestations and diagnosis of pulmonary sarcoidosis
2. アンギオテンシン変換酵素阻害剤およびアンギオテンシンII受容体拮抗剤の主な副作用 major side effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin ii receptor blockers
3. アンギオテンシン変換酵素阻害剤とアンギオテンシン受容体拮抗剤との相違 differences between angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and receptor blockers
4. 心不全におけるアンギオテンシン変換酵素阻害剤およびアンギオテンシン受容体拮抗剤：作用機序 angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and receptor blockers in heart failure mechanisms of action
5. 急性心筋梗塞におけるアンギオテンシン変換酵素阻害剤：作用機序 angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in acute myocardial infarction mechanisms of action

English Journal

Bioavailability of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides derived from Virgibacillus halodenitrificans SK1-3-7 proteinases hydrolyzed tilapia muscle proteins.

Toopcham T1, Mes JJ2, Wichers HJ2, Roytrakul S3, Yongsawatdigul J4.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2017 Apr 1;220:190-197. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.09.183. Epub 2016 Sep 29.
The angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity of protein hydrolysates from tilapia muscle fractions, namely mince (M), washed mince (WM), and sarcoplasmic protein (SP), were investigated. Each fraction was hydrolyzed by Virgibacillus halodenitrificans SK1-3-7 proteinases for up to 24
PMID 27855889

Bioactive peptides from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) with angiotensin converting enzyme and dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitory, and antioxidant activities.

Neves AC1, Harnedy PA1, O'Keeffe MB1, FitzGerald RJ2.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2017 Mar 1;218:396-405. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.09.053. Epub 2016 Sep 9.
The pH shift method was utilised for the recovery of proteins from salmon trimmings (ST), yielding 93% (w/w) protein. ST protein (STP) hydrolysates were generated with different enzyme preparations. STP incubated with Corolase PP for 1h (STP-C1) had the most potent angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE
PMID 27719926

Electrochemically reduced graphene and iridium oxide nanoparticles for inhibition-based angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor detection.

Kurbanoglu S1, Rivas L2, Ozkan SA3, Merkoçi A4.
Biosensors & bioelectronics.Biosens Bioelectron.2017 Feb 15;88:122-129. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.07.109. Epub 2016 Jul 30.
In this work, a novel biosensor based on electrochemically reduced graphene oxide and iridium oxide nanoparticles for the detection of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor drug, captopril, is presented. For the preparation of the biosensor, tyrosinase is immobilized onto screen printed electrode
PMID 27499381

Japanese Journal

加熱方法の違いによるサヤエンドウの色およびACE阻害活性の比較

山岸美穂,四十九院成子
東京家政学院大学紀要 54, 49-53, 2014-08-31
NAID 110009827517

アンジオテンシン変換酵素を標的とした大豆由来内臓脂肪型肥満症改善物質の探索 (第16回研究報告会記録)

板垣史郎
大豆たん白質研究 16(34), 144-149, 2014-06
NAID 40020182975

マンネンタケ子実体の水抽出物に含まれるアンギオテンシン変換酵素阻害成分

熊倉慧,小澤好夫,五十嵐圭日子,鮫島正浩
日本きのこ学会誌 : mushroom science and biotechnology 22(1), 11-18, 2014-04-30
本研究ではマンネンタケ水抽出物中のACE阻害活性成分の同定を試みた.水抽出物をエタノール分画,限外ろ過,陽イオン交換クロマトグラフィーを用いて精製し,精製物(EU3C)を得た.EU3CのIC_<50>値は89μg/mL,K_i値は49μg/mLであった.さらにEU3Cを逆相クロマトグラフィーにより分画した結果,IC_<50>値およびK_i値は上昇した.一方,EU3Cは拮抗阻 …
NAID 110009823292

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★リンクテーブル★

国試過去問	「104I068」
リンク元	「アンジオテンシン変換酵素」「angiotensin I-converting enzyme」「peptidyl-dipeptidase A」「ACE」
拡張検索	「angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor」「angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors」
関連記事	「angiotensin」

「104I068」

Angiotensin I converting enzyme (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) 1
	; Rendering of ACE from PDB 1O86
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	1O86, 1O8A, 1UZE, 1UZF, 2C6F, 2C6N, 2IUL, 2IUX, 2OC2, 2XY9, 2XYD, 2YDM, 3BKK, 3BKL, 3L3N, 3NXQ
Identifiers
Symbols	ACE; ACE1; CD143; DCP; DCP1; ICH; MVCD3
External IDs	OMIM: 106180 MGI: 87874 HomoloGene: 37351 ChEMBL: 1808 GeneCards: ACE Gene
EC number	3.4.15.1
Gene Ontology
Molecular function	• actin binding; • endopeptidase activity; • carboxypeptidase activity; • protein binding; • drug binding; • metallopeptidase activity; • peptidyl-dipeptidase activity; • zinc ion binding; • chloride ion binding; • bradykinin receptor binding;
Cellular component	• extracellular space; • endosome; • plasma membrane; • external side of plasma membrane; • integral to membrane;
Biological process	• kidney development; • blood vessel remodeling; • angiotensin catabolic process in blood; • regulation of renal output by angiotensin; • regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by renin-angiotensin; • proteolysis; • regulation of blood pressure; • regulation of smooth muscle cell migration; • regulation of vasoconstriction; • mononuclear cell proliferation; • regulation of vasodilation; • hormone catabolic process; • peptide catabolic process; • arachidonic acid secretion; • hemopoietic stem cell differentiation;
	Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
	More reference expression data
Orthologs
	This box: view; talk; edit;

Angiotensin-converting enzyme
Identifiers
EC number	3.4.15.1
CAS number	9015-82-1
Databases
IntEnz	IntEnz view
BRENDA	BRENDA entry
ExPASy	NiceZyme view
KEGG	KEGG entry
MetaCyc	metabolic pathway
PRIAM	profile
PDB structures	RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum
Search
PMC	articles
PubMed	articles
NCBI Protein	search