WordNet

changed in form or character without becoming something else; "the altered policy promised success"; "following an altered course we soon found ourselves back in civilization"; "he looked...with clouded eyes and with an altered manner of breathing"- Charles Dickens
having testicles or ovaries removed (同)neutered
remaining in an original state; "persisting unaltered through time" (同)unchanged
remove the ovaries of; "Is your cat spayed?" (同)neuter, spay, castrate
make an alteration to; "This dress needs to be altered"

PrepTutorEJDIC

(形・性質などの点で)…'を'変える,改める / 変わる,改まる

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/08/20 16:24:14」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. せん妄および錯乱状態の診断 diagnosis of delirium and confusional states
2. 白斑を除く後天性色素脱失症 acquired hypopigmentation disorders other than vitiligo
3. Introduction of aspirin to patients with aspirin hypersensitivity requiring cardiovascular interventions
4. Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome
5. Management and prognosis of mitral annular calcification

English Journal

Baccharis trimera Improves the Antioxidant Defense System and Inhibits iNOS and NADPH Oxidase Expression in a Rat Model of Inflammation.

Cruz Padua Bd, Rossoni Junior JV, de Brito Magalhaes CL, Seiberf JB, Araujo CM, Bianco de Souza GH, Chaves MM, Silva ME, Pedrosa ML, Costa DC1.Author information 1Programa de Pos-graduacao em Ciencias Biologicas do Nucleo de Pesquisas em Ciencias Biologicas - NUPEB; Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, MG, 35.400-000, Brasil. dani.caldeiracosta@gmail.com.AbstractAcetaminophen is a common analgesic and antipyretic compound which, when administered in high doses, has been associated with significant morbidity and mortality, secondary to hepatic toxicity. Although this may be due to a direct interaction of reactive acetaminophen metabolites with hepatocyte proteins, recent studies have suggested that reactive species produced by neutrophils also contribute to the pathophysiological process. Researches on the chemical composition of B. trimera show that this plant has bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, related to the organism's protection against free radicals. Therefore, in the present study, using Fischer rats, the effect of B. trimera on the antioxidant defense system, the production of nitric oxide (NO) and on the expression of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and of the subunits of the NADPH oxidase in neutrophils was evaluated in a model of phagocytosis induced by zimosan (ZC3b) and in a model of inflammation induced by acetaminophen. The results show that the treatment with B. trimera improves the defense system of antioxidant and restores the balance ROS / NO that is altered in the inflammatory process induced by APAP. In conclusion, B. trimera extracts exert antioxidant properties by scavenging ROS and decrease the expression of genes responsible by reactive species production in neutrophils.
Current pharmaceutical biotechnology.Curr Pharm Biotechnol.2014 Nov;14(11):975-84.
Acetaminophen is a common analgesic and antipyretic compound which, when administered in high doses, has been associated with significant morbidity and mortality, secondary to hepatic toxicity. Although this may be due to a direct interaction of reactive acetaminophen metabolites with hepatocyte pro
PMID 24372242

Oral, short-term exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles in Sprague-Dawley rat: focus on reproductive and endocrine systems and spleen.

Tassinari R1, Cubadda F, Moracci G, Aureli F, D'Amato M, Valeri M, De Berardis B, Raggi A, Mantovani A, Passeri D, Rossi M, Maranghi F.Author information 1Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome , Italy.AbstractThe study explored possible reproductive and endocrine effects of short-term (5 days) oral exposure to anatase TiO2 nanoparticles (0, 1, 2 mg/kg body weight per day) in rat. Nanoparticles were characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy, and their presence in spleen, a target organ for bioaccumulation, was investigated by single-particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and SEM/energy-dispersive X-ray. Analyses included serum hormone levels (testosterone, 17-β-estradiol and triiodothyronine) and histopathology of thyroid, adrenals, ovary, uterus, testis and spleen. Increased total Ti tissue levels were found in spleen and ovaries. Sex-related histological alterations were observed at both dose levels in thyroid, adrenal medulla, adrenal cortex (females) and ovarian granulosa, without general toxicity. Altered thyroid function was indicated by reduced T3 (males). Testosterone levels increased in high-dose males and decreased in females. In the spleen of treated animals TiO2 aggregates and increased white pulp (high-dose females) were detected, even though Ti tissue levels remained low reflecting the low doses and the short exposure time. Our findings prompt to comprehensively assess endocrine and reproductive effects in the safety evaluation of nanomaterials.
Nanotoxicology.Nanotoxicology.2014 Sep;8(6):654-62. doi: 10.3109/17435390.2013.822114. Epub 2013 Jul 25.
The study explored possible reproductive and endocrine effects of short-term (5 days) oral exposure to anatase TiO2 nanoparticles (0, 1, 2 mg/kg body weight per day) in rat. Nanoparticles were characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy, and their presenc
PMID 23834344

Cardiopulmonary toxicity of pulmonary exposure to occupationally relevant zinc oxide nanoparticles.

Chuang HC1, Juan HT, Chang CN, Yan YH, Yuan TH, Wang JS, Chen HC, Hwang YH, Lee CH, Cheng TJ.Author information 1School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University , Taipei , Taiwan.AbstractExposure to zinc oxide (ZnO) metal fumes is linked to adverse human health effects; however, the hazards of ZnO nanoparticles (ZnONPs) remain unclear. To determine pulmonary exposure to occupationally relevant ZnONPs cause cardiopulmonary injury, Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to ZnONPs via intratracheal (IT) instillation and inhalation. The relationship between intrapulmonary zinc levels and pulmonary oxidative-inflammatory responses 72 h after ZnONP instillation was determined in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Instilled ZnONPs altered zinc balance and increased the levels of total cells, neutrophils, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and total protein in BALF and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in blood after 72 h. The ZnONPs accumulated predominantly in the lungs over 24 h, and trivial amounts of zinc were determined in the heart, liver, kidneys and blood. Furthermore, the inflammatory-oxidative responses induced by occupationally relevant levels of 1.1 and 4.9 mg/m(3) of ZnONP inhalation for 2 weeks were determined in BALF and blood at 1, 7 and 30 days post-exposure. Histopathological examinations of the rat lungs and hearts were performed. Inhalation of ZnONP caused an inflammatory cytological profile. The total cell, neutrophil, LDH and total protein levels were acutely increased in the BALF, and there was an inflammatory pathology in the lungs. There were subchronic levels of white blood cells, granulocytes and 8-OHdG in the blood. Cardiac inflammation and the development of fibrosis were detected 7 days after exposure. Degeneration and necrosis of the myocardium were detected 30 days after exposure. The results demonstrate that ZnONPs cause cardiopulmonary impairments. These findings highlight the occupational health effects for ZnONP-exposed workers.
Nanotoxicology.Nanotoxicology.2014 Sep;8(6):593-604. doi: 10.3109/17435390.2013.809809. Epub 2013 Jun 25.
Exposure to zinc oxide (ZnO) metal fumes is linked to adverse human health effects; however, the hazards of ZnO nanoparticles (ZnONPs) remain unclear. To determine pulmonary exposure to occupationally relevant ZnONPs cause cardiopulmonary injury, Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to ZnONPs via intrat
PMID 23738974

Anti-fungal activity of Citrus reticulata Blanco essential oil against Penicillium italicum and Penicillium digitatum.

Tao N1, Jia L2, Zhou H2.Author information 1School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China. Electronic address: nengguotao@126.com.2School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China.AbstractThe chemical composition of Citrus reticulata Blanco essential oil was analysed using GC/MS. Monoterpene hydrocarbons (C10H16) constituted the majority (88.96%, w/w) of the total oil. The oils dose-dependently inhibited Penicillium italicum and Penicillium digitatum. The anti-fungal activity of the oils against P. italicum was attributed to citronellol, octanal, citral, decanal, nonanal, β-pinene, linalool, and γ-terpinene, whereas anti-fungal activity against P. digitatum is attributed to octanal, decanal, nonanal, limonene, citral, γ-terpinene, linalool, and α-terpineol. The oils altered the hyphal morphology of P. italicum and P. digitatum by causing loss of cytoplasm and distortion of the mycelia. The oils significantly altered extracellular conductivity, the release of cell constituents, and the total lipid content of P. italicum and P. digitatum. The results suggest that C. reticulata Blanco essential oils generate cytotoxicity in P. italicum and P. digitatum by disrupting cell membrane integrity and causing the leakage of cell components.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2014 Jun 15;153:265-71. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.12.070. Epub 2013 Dec 25.
The chemical composition of Citrus reticulata Blanco essential oil was analysed using GC/MS. Monoterpene hydrocarbons (C10H16) constituted the majority (88.96%, w/w) of the total oil. The oils dose-dependently inhibited Penicillium italicum and Penicillium digitatum. The anti-fungal activity of the
PMID 24491729

Japanese Journal

Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG increases Toll-like receptor 3 gene expression in murine small intestine ex vivo and in vivo

Beneficial microbes 7(3), 421-429, 2016-07-05
NAID 120005768816

Tumour endothelial cells in high metastatic tumours promote metastasis via epigenetic dysregulation of biglycan

Scientific reports 6, 28039, 2016-06-13
NAID 120005819304

Ferroelectric properties of (Pb,La)(Zr,Ti)O

Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 55(6S3), 06JB04, 2016-05-27
NAID 150000112551

Composition of thin Ta

Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 55(6S1), 06GG08, 2016-05-06
NAID 150000112473

Related Pictures

Altered:Company Paper Anthology » Blog Archive Altered Spooky Book Altered Carbon was always doomed – Damien Walter – Medium Altered Mona Lisa by talesanura on DeviantArt Altered by Jennifer Rush – The River of Books Blog Altered book workshop | Mosaik Scrappers Aterrorizados (Altered) – 2006 – Muito Molho Fairy Altered Book – candy scraps