WordNet

of nerves and nerve impulses; conveying sensory information from the sense organs to the CNS; "afferent nerves"; "afferent impulses"
one of the small thin-walled arteries that end in capillaries (同)arteriola, capillary artery
of or relating to glomeruli

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(神経・血管などが)求心性の(末梢(まっしょう)から中枢に向かうこと)
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/05/25 22:13:45」(JST)

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The afferent arterioles are a group of blood vessels that supply the nephrons in many excretory systems. They play an important role in the regulation of blood pressure as a part of the tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism.

The afferent arterioles branch from the renal artery, which supplies blood to the kidneys.

The afferent arterioles later diverge into the capillaries of the glomerulus.

Regulation

When renal blood flow is reduced (indicating hypotension) or there is a decrease in sodium and chloride ion concentration, the macula densa of the distal tubule releases prostaglandins, which cause the juxtaglomerular cells lining the afferent arterioles to release renin, activating the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, to increase blood pressure and increase reabsorption of sodium ions into the bloodstream via aldosterone.

The macula densa cell can also increase the local blood pressure of the afferent arterioles by increasing the synthesis of nitric oxide or decreasing the synthesis of adenosine or ATP.

If the afferent arterioles are constricted then the blood pressure in the capillaries of the kidneys will drop.

Additional images

Renal corpuscle

External links

Physiology: 7/7ch03/7ch03p10 - Essentials of Human Physiology - "Renal Vasculature: Efferent Arterioles & Peritubular Capillaries"
Anatomy photo: Urinary/mammal/vasc0/vasc2 - Comparative Organology at University of California, Davis - "Mammal, renal vasculature (EM, Low)"

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1. 糖尿病における糸球体過剰ろ過の機序 mechanisms of glomerular hyperfiltration in diabetes mellitus
2. 一酸化窒素と腎臓 nitric oxide and the kidney
3. Glomerular disease: Evaluation and differential diagnosis in adults
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5. 小児における志賀毒素産生性大腸菌（STEC）溶血性尿毒症症候群（HUS）の臨床症状および診断 clinical manifestations and diagnosis of shiga toxin producing escherichia coli stec hemolytic uremic syndrome hus in children

English Journal

Adenosine A2 receptor-mediated regulation of renal hemodynamics and glomerular filtration rate is abolished in diabetes.

Persson P, Hansell P, Palm F.SourceDepartment of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, BMC, 571, 75123, Uppsala, Sweden.
Advances in experimental medicine and biology.Adv Exp Med Biol.2013;765:225-30.
Alterations in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) are one of the earliest indications of altered kidney function in diabetes. Adenosine regulates GFR through tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism acting on adenosine A1 receptor. In addition, adenosine can directly regulate vascular tone by acting on A1
PMID 22879037

Renal responses to chronic suppression of central sympathetic outflow.

Iliescu R, Irwin ED, Georgakopoulos D, Lohmeier TE.SourceDepartment of Physiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State St, Jackson, MS 39216-4505. tlohmeier@umc.edu.
Hypertension.Hypertension.2012 Sep;60(3):749-56. Epub 2012 Jul 2.
Chronic electric activation of the carotid baroreflex produces sustained reductions in sympathetic activity and arterial pressure and is currently being evaluated as hypertension therapy for patients with resistant hypertension. However, the chronic changes in renal function associated with natural
PMID 22753216

Japanese Journal

糸球体微少循環の調節機構と治療 (特集慢性腎臓病の進行機序と治療)

有馬秀二
細胞 39(5), 195-199, 2007-05
NAID 40015465919

Role of angiotensin II and endogenous vasodilators in the control of glomerular hemodynamics

ARIMA Shuji
Clinical and experimental nephrology 7(3), 172-178, 2003-09-01
NAID 10011993607

Effects of Efonidipine Hydrochloride on Renal Arteriolar Diameters in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

, , , , ,
Hypertension research : clinical and experimental : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension 25(5), 751-755, 2002-09-01
… <B>Efonidipine, a calcium antagonist, has been reported to dilate not only afferent but also efferent arterioles, thereby reducing glomerular hydrostatic pressure. … We investigated the effect of chronic treatment with efonidipine or lisinopril on the afferent and efferent arteriolar diameters by the vascular cast technique. … In addition, lisinopril-treated rats had wider afferent lumina. …
NAID 10009985875

「輸入細動脈」

Afferent arterioles
	Scheme of renal tubule and its vascular supply. (Label "Afferent vessel" is visible in upper left.)
	Distribution of bloodvessels in cortex of kidney.
Details
Latin	arteriola glomerularis afferens
From	interlobular artery
Supplies	glomerular capillaries
Identifiers
Gray's	p.1221
Dorlands; /Elsevier	a_62/12156661
TA	A08.1.03.005
FMA	77042
	Anatomical terminology