WordNet

of nerves and nerve impulses; conveying sensory information from the sense organs to the CNS; "afferent nerves"; "afferent impulses"

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(神経・血管などが)求心性の(末梢(まっしょう)から中枢に向かうこと)
神経単位,神経細胞,ニューロン,ノイロン

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/05/29 10:58:20」(JST)

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In the nervous system, afferent neurons (otherwise known as sensory or receptor neurons), carry nerve impulses from receptors or sense organs towards the central nervous system. This term can also be used to describe relative connections between structures. Afferent neurons communicate with specialized interneurons. The opposite activity of direction or flow is efferent.

In the nervous system there is a "closed loop" system of sensation, decision, and reactions. This process is carried out through the activity of afferent neurons, interneurons, and efferent neurons.

A touch or painful stimulus, for example, creates a sensation in the brain only after information about the stimulus travels there via afferent nerve pathways. Afferent neurons are pseudounipolar neurons, that have a single long dendrite and a short axon^{[citation needed]}, and a smooth and rounded cell body. The dendrite is structurally and functionally similar to an axon, and is myelinated; it is these axon-like dendrites that make up the afferent nerves. Just outside the spinal cord, thousands of afferent neuronal cell bodies are aggregated in a swelling in the dorsal root known as the dorsal root ganglion.

Etymology and mnemonics

Afferent is derived from Latin participle afferentem (af- = ad- : to + ferre : bear, carry), meaning carrying into. Ad and ex give an easy mnemonic device for remembering the relationship between afferent and efferent : afferent connection arrives and an efferent connection exits.^[1]

Another mnemonic device is SAME DAVE. Sensory Afferent Motor Efferent, Dorsal Afferent Ventral Efferent.

References

^ Mnemonic at medicalmnemonics.com 3502 3463 367 115

External links

Sensory receptor neurons, a dynamic list of Petilla convention aligned sensory neurons at NeuroLex.

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

The method of isolation of the crayfish abdominal stretch receptor maintaining a connection of the sensory neuron to the ventral nerve cord ganglion.

Khaitin AM1, Rudkovskii MV, Uzdensky AB.
Invertebrate neuroscience : IN.Invert Neurosci.2015 Mar;15(1):176. doi: 10.1007/s10158-014-0176-2. Epub 2014 Nov 6.
The crayfish stretch receptor consisting of the single mechanoreceptor neurons enveloped by satellite glial cells is the simplest functioning neuroglial preparation. However, during isolation, its axons are usually transected that eliminates afferent regulation and induces complex axotomy-related si
PMID 25374161

Rat subthalamic nucleus and zona incerta share extensively overlapped representations of cortical functional territories.

Kita T1, Osten P, Kita H.
The Journal of comparative neurology.J Comp Neurol.2014 Dec 15;522(18):4043-56. doi: 10.1002/cne.23655. Epub 2014 Aug 30.
The subthalamic nucleus (STN) and the zona incerta (ZI) are two major structures of the subthalamus. The STN has strong connections between the basal ganglia and related nuclei. The ZI has strong connections between brainstem reticular nuclei, sensory nuclei, and nonspecific thalamic nuclei. Both th
PMID 25048050

Distribution of transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1-expressing nerve fibers in mouse esophagus.

Matsumoto K1, Hosoya T, Ishikawa E, Tashima K, Amagase K, Kato S, Murayama T, Horie S.
Histochemistry and cell biology.Histochem Cell Biol.2014 Dec;142(6):635-44. doi: 10.1007/s00418-014-1246-6. Epub 2014 Jul 8.
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1) plays a role in esophageal function. However, the distribution of TRPV1 nerve fibers in the esophagus is currently not well understood. In the present study, we investigated the distribution of TRPV1 and neurotransmitters relea
PMID 25002127