n.

移入、輸入

v.

移入する、輸入する、運び入れる

関: afferent、implantation、importation、ingression、migration、transfect、transfection

WordNet

transfer (electronic data) into a database or document
commodities (goods or services) bought from a foreign country (同)importation
an imported person brought from a foreign country; "the lead role was played by an import from Sweden"; "they are descendants of indentured importees" (同)importee
bring in from abroad
the movement of persons from one country or locality to another
(chemistry) the nonrandom movement of an atom or radical from one place to another within a molecule
a group of people migrating together (especially in some given time period)
the periodic passage of groups of animals (especially birds or fishes) from one region to another for feeding or breeding
of nerves and nerve impulses; conveying sensory information from the sense organs to the CNS; "afferent nerves"; "afferent impulses"
of the greatest importance; "the all-important subject of disarmament"; "crucial information"; "in chess cool nerves are of the essence" (同)all important, crucial, essential, of the essence
impressive in appearance
the commercial activity of buying and bringing in goods from a foreign country (同)importation
used of especially merchandise brought from a foreign source; "imported wines"

PrepTutorEJDIC

(…から)…‘を'『輸入する』《+『名』+『from』+『名』》 / 《文》'‘を'意味する,‘の'意味を導入する / 〈U〉(…の)『輸入』《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈C〉《しばしば複数形で》『輸入品』 / 〈U〉《文》重大,重要性 / 〈U〉意味,意義
〈U〉〈C〉移住,(動物の)移動 / 〈C〉《集合的に》(人・動物などの)移動の群
(神経・血管などが)求心性の(末梢(まっしょう)から中枢に向かうこと)
きわめて重要な
〈U〉輸入 / 〈C〉輸入品,舶来品
自己の過大評価,うぬぼれ(conceit) = self importance

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/12/09 06:07:26」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

For other uses, see Import (disambiguation).

The term import is derived from the conceptual meaning as to bring in the goods and services into the port of a country. The buyer of such goods and services is referred to an "importer" who is based in the country of import where the overseas based seller is referred to as an "exporter". ^[1] Thus an import is any good (e.g. a commodity) or service brought in from one country to another country in a legitimate fashion, typically for use in trade. It is a good that is brought in from another country for sale.^[2] Imported goods or services are provided to domestic consumers by foreign producers. An import in the receiving country is an export to the sending country.

Imports, along with exports, form the basics of international trade. Import of goods normally requires involvement of the customs authorities in both the country of import and the country of export and are often subject to import quotas, tariffs and trade agreements. When the "imports" are the set of goods and services imported, "Imports" also means the economic value of all goods and services that are imported. The macroeconomic variable I usually stands for the value of these imports over a given period of time, usually one year.^{[citation needed]}

Definition

"Imports" consist of transactions in goods and services (sales, barter, gifts or grants) from non-residents residents to residents.^[3] The exact definition of imports in national accounts includes and excludes specific "borderline" cases. ^[4] A general delimitation of imports in national accounts is given below:

An import of a good occurs when there is a change of ownership from a non-resident to a resident; this does not necessarily imply that the good in question physically crosses the frontier. However, in specific cases national accounts impute changes of ownership even though in legal terms no change of ownership takes place (e.g. cross border financial leasing, cross border deliveries between affiliates of the same enterprise, goods crossing the border for significant processing to order or repair). Also smuggled goods must be included in the import measurement.
Imports of services consist of all services rendered by non-residents to residents. In national accounts any direct purchases by residents outside the economic territory of a country are recorded as imports of services; therefore all expenditure by tourists in the economic territory of another country are considered as part of the imports of services. Also international flows of illegal services must be included.

Basic trade statistics often differ in terms of definition and coverage from the requirements in the national accounts:

Data on international trade in goods are mostly obtained through declarations to custom services. If a country applies the general trade system, all goods entering the country are recorded as imports. If the special trade system (e.g. extra-EU trade statistics) is applied goods which are received into customs warehouses are not recorded in external trade statistics unless they subsequently go into free circulation of the importing country.
A special case is the intra-EU trade statistics. Since goods move freely between the member states of the EU without customs controls, statistics on trade in goods between the member states must be obtained through surveys. To reduce the statistical burden on the respondents small scale traders are excluded from the reporting obligation.
Statistical recording of trade in services is based on declarations by banks to their central banks or by surveys of the main operators. In a globalized economy where services can be rendered via electronic means (e.g. internet) the related international flows of services are difficult to identify.
Basic statistics on international trade normally do not record smuggled goods or international flows of illegal services. A small fraction of the smuggled goods and illegal services may nevertheless be included in official trade statistics through dummy shipments or dummy declarations that serve to conceal the illegal nature of the activities.

Balance of trade

Balance of trade represents a difference in value for import and export for a country. A country has demand for an import when domestic quantity demanded exceeds domestic quantity supplied, or when the price of the good (or service) on the world market is less than the price on the domestic market.

The balance of trade, usually denoted , is the difference between the value of the goods (and services) a country exports and the value of the goods the country imports:

, or equivalently

A trade deficit occurs when imports are large relative to exports. Imports are impacted principally by a country's income and its productive resources. For example, the US imports oil from Canada even though the US has oil and Canada uses oil. However, consumers in the US are willing to pay more for the marginal barrel of oil than Canadian consumers are, because there is more oil demanded in the US than there is oil produced.^{[citation needed]}

In macroeconomic theory, the value of imports can be modeled as a function of the domestic absorption and the real exchange rate . These are the two largest factors of imports and they both affect imports positively:

^[5]

Types of import

There are two basic types of import:

Industrial and consumer goods
Intermediate goods and services

Companies import goods and services to supply to the domestic market at a cheaper price and better quality than competing goods manufactured in the domestic market. Companies import products that are not available in the local market.

There are three broad types of importers:

Looking for any product around the world to import and sell.
Looking for foreign sourcing to get their products at the cheapest price.
Using foreign sourcing as part of their global supply chain.

Direct-import refers to a type of business importation involving a major retailer (e.g. Wal-Mart) and an overseas manufacturer. A retailer typically purchases products designed by local companies that can be manufactured overseas. In a direct-import program, the retailer bypasses the local supplier (colloquial middle-man) and buys the final product directly from the manufacturer, possibly saving in added costs. This type of business is fairly recent and follows the trends of the global economy.

Statistical data

Data on the value of imports and their quantities often broken down by detailed lists of products are available in statistical collections on international trade published by the statistical services of intergovernmental organisations (e.g. UNSTAT, FAOSTAT, OECD), supranational statistical institutes (e.g. Eurostat) and national statistical institutes.

References

^ Joshi, Rakesh Mohan, (2009) International Business, Oxford University Press, New Delhi and New York ISBN 0-19-568909-7
^ Sullivan, Arthur; Steven M. Sheffrin (2003). Economics: Principles in action. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458: Pearson Prentice Hall. pp. 552. ISBN 0-13-063085-3. http://www.pearsonschool.com/index.cfm?locator=PSZ3R9&PMDbSiteId=2781&PMDbSolutionId=6724&PMDbCategoryId=&PMDbProgramId=12881&level=4.
^ Lequiller, F; Blades, D.: Understanding National Accounts, Paris: OECD 2006, pp. 139-143
^ for example, see Eurostat: European System of Accounts - ESA 1995, §§ 3.128-3.146, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg, 1996
^ Burda, Wyplosz (2005): Macroeconomics: A European Text, Fourth Edition, Oxford University Press

External links

Glossary of Trade Terms

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 by a cell-penetrating peptide-affibody bioconjugate.

Govindarajan S, Sivakumar J, Garimidi P, Rangaraj N, Kumar JM, Rao NM, Gopal V.SourceCentre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Biomaterials.Biomaterials.2012 Mar;33(8):2570-82. Epub 2011 Dec 20.
Cell-penetrating peptide (CPP)-based delivery systems represent a strategy that facilitates DNA import efficiently and non-specifically into cells. To introduce specificity, we devised an approach that combines a cell-penetrating peptide, TAT-Mu (TM) and a targeting ligand, an HER2 antibody mimetic-
PMID 22192536

The inositol 5-phosphatase SHIP1 is a nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling protein and enzymatically active in cell nuclei.

Nalaskowski MM, Metzner A, Brehm MA, Labiadh S, Brauer H, Grabinski N, Mayr GW, Jücker M.AbstractThe inositol 5-phosphatase SHIP1 is a negative regulator of signaling processes in hematopoietic cells. SHIP1 mediates its regulatory function after relocalization from the cytoplasm to the plasma membrane where it converts its substrate PI(3,4,5)P(3) to PI(3,4)P(2) thereby terminating PI3-kinase mediated signaling. In addition, SHIP1 converts Ins(1,3,4,5)P(4) to Ins(1,3,4)P(3) thereby regulating inositol phosphate metabolism. Here we report, that SHIP1 can be detected in nuclear puncta of Jurkat cells by confocal microscopy after expression of SHIP1 from a tetracycline inducible vector. SHIP1-containing nuclear puncta partially co-localize with FLASH, a multifunctional nuclear protein that has been linked to apoptotic signaling and transcriptional control. Nuclear localization was confirmed for endogenously expressed SHIP1 in the myeloid leukemia cell line TF1. In addition, enzymatically active SHIP1 was found in nuclear fractions of Jurkat cells with a similar specific activity as cytoplasmic SHIP1. Further analysis revealed that SHIP1 is a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein which is actively imported into and exported out of the nucleus. Nuclear import is mediated by two canonical nuclear localization signals (NLS) i.e. K(327)KSK and K(547)KLR. Mutational inactivation of each NLS motif inhibited nuclear import and reduced the proliferation of cells indicating a functional role of nuclear SHIP1 for cell growth. Our data indicate that SHIP1 is partly localized in the nucleus and suggest that SHIP1 plays a role for nuclear phosphoinositide and/or nuclear inositol phosphate signaling.
Cellular signalling.Cell Signal.2012 Mar;24(3):621-8. Epub 2011 Aug 16.
The inositol 5-phosphatase SHIP1 is a negative regulator of signaling processes in hematopoietic cells. SHIP1 mediates its regulatory function after relocalization from the cytoplasm to the plasma membrane where it converts its substrate PI(3,4,5)P(3) to PI(3,4)P(2) thereby terminating PI3-kinase me
PMID 21864674

An alternative import pathway of AIF to the mitochondria.

Chiang SF, Huang CY, Lin TY, Chiou SH, Chow KC.SourceGraduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health,Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
International journal of molecular medicine.Int J Mol Med.2012 Mar;29(3):365-72. doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2011.849. Epub 2011 Nov 29.
In eukaryotic cells, transport of the newly synthesized proteins and phospholipids to the appropriate subcellular target compartments is essential for maintaining organelle morphology and cell survival. In animal cells, mitochondria are major organelles containing
PMID 22134679

Japanese Journal

17、18世紀フランスにおけるアンディエンヌ : リシュリュー・コレクションの織物見本集とポンパドゥール夫人の財産目録の分析を通して

権裕美
人間文化創成科学論叢 14, 57-65, 2012-03-31
… importé …
NAID 120004007756

商人的機構の「原型」 : 中世ヨーロッパの為替契約と商人銀行家

田中英明
彦根論叢 (第391号), 152-167, 2012-03
… These transactions facilitated their specialization for export or import. …
NAID 120003992054

国際輸送部門が存在する下での最適貿易政策

川越吉孝
京都産業大学論集. 社会科学系列 29, 181-195, 2012-03
NAID 110009005102

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「migration」「移入」「afferent」「輸入」「transfect」
拡張検索	「nuclear import」「importance」「importin-alpha」「import receptor」

「migration」

　　[★]

n.

遊走、移入、転位、泳動

関: chain migration、destination、dislocation、ectopia、electrophoresis、electrophoretic、emigration、immigration、implantation、import、ingression、migrate、migratory、rearrangement、transfect、transfection、translocation、transpose、transposition、transpositional、wander、wandering

「移入」

　　[★]

英: import、implantation、migration、transfection、ingression、import、transfect
関: 移行、移植、泳動、形質移入、刺入、着床、転位、トランスフェクション、遊出、遊走、輸入、打ち込み、埋め込み、埋没、植え込み、目的地、トランスフェクト、連鎖移住、運び入れる

「afferent」

　　[★]

adj.

求心性の、求心の、輸入の

n.

求心路、求心性神経、求心性線維

関: afferent fiber、afferent fibre、afferent neuron、afferent pathway、afferents、centripetal、concentric、import、importation

「輸入」

　　[★]

英: import、importation、import、afferent
関: 移入、求心、求心性、求心性神経、求心路、求心性線維、運び入れる

「transfect」

　　[★]

移入する、形質移入する、トランスフェクトする

関: implantation、import、ingression、migration、transfection

「nuclear import」

　　[★]

核内移行

関: nuclear export、nuclear transport、nucleocytoplasmic transport

「importance」

　　[★]

n.

重要性、重要度

関: consequence、significance

「importin-alpha」

　　[★]

イン・ーチンα

関: alpha karyopherin

「import receptor」

　　[★] インポートレセプター

[1] Joshi, Rakesh Mohan, (2009) International Business, Oxford University Press, New Delhi and New York ISBN 0-19-568909-7

[2] Sullivan, Arthur; Steven M. Sheffrin (2003). Economics: Principles in action. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458: Pearson Prentice Hall. pp. 552. ISBN 0-13-063085-3. http://www.pearsonschool.com/index.cfm?locator=PSZ3R9&PMDbSiteId=2781&PMDbSolutionId=6724&PMDbCategoryId=&PMDbProgramId=12881&level=4.

[3] Lequiller, F; Blades, D.: Understanding National Accounts, Paris: OECD 2006, pp. 139-143

[4] r example, see Eurostat: European System of Accounts - ESA 1995, §§ 3.128-3.146, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg, 1996

[5] Burda, Wyplosz (2005): Macroeconomics: A European Text, Fourth Edition, Oxford University Press

匿名

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案内

案内

import