関: afferent、afferent fibre

WordNet

of nerves and nerve impulses; conveying sensory information from the sense organs to the CNS; "afferent nerves"; "afferent impulses"
tell a relatively insignificant lie; "Fibbing is not acceptable, even if you dont call it lying"
a trivial lie; "he told a fib about eating his spinach"; "how can I stop my child from telling stories?" (同)story, tale, tarradiddle, taradiddle
a slender and greatly elongated substance capable of being spun into yarn (同)fibre
a leatherlike material made by compressing layers of paper or cloth (同)fibre, vulcanized fiber
any of several elongated, threadlike cells (especially a muscle fiber or a nerve fiber) (同)fibre

PrepTutorEJDIC

(神経・血管などが)求心性の(末梢(まっしょう)から中枢に向かうこと)
(ささいな,罪のない)うそ / 軽いうそをつく

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/12/29 04:09:41」(JST)

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In the peripheral nervous system, an afferent nerve fiber is the nerve fiber (axon) of an afferent neuron (sensory neuron). It is a long process (projection) extending far from the nerve cell body that carries nerve impulses from sensory receptors or sense organs toward the central nervous system. The opposite direction of neural activity is efferent conduction.

In the nervous system there is a "closed loop" system of sensation, decision, and reactions. This process is carried out through the activity of afferent neurons (sensory neurons), interneurons, and efferent neurons (motor neurons).

A touch or painful stimulus, for example, creates a sensation in the brain only after information about the stimulus travels there via afferent nerve pathways. Afferent neurons are pseudounipolar neurons that have a single long axon with a short central and a long peripheral branch. These cells do not have dendrites.^[1] They have a smooth and rounded cell body. Just outside the spinal cord, thousands of afferent neuronal cell bodies are aggregated in a swelling in the dorsal root known as the dorsal root ganglion.^[2]^[1]

Afferent neurons' somas are located in the ganglia of the peripheral nervous system, and the axons of these cells travel from ganglion to ganglion and lead back to the spinal cord. The majority of these are unipolar neurons in that they have a single axon leaving the cell body and is sent towards the sensory organ.^[2] All of the axons in the dorsal root, which contains afferent nerve fibers, are used in the transduction of somatosensory information. Somatosensory receptors include senses such as pain, touch, temperature, itch, and stretch. For example, a specific muscle fiber called an intrafusal muscle fiber is a type of afferent neuron that lies parallel to the extrafusal muscle fibers thus functions as a stretch receptor by detecting muscle length.^[2] All of these sensations travel along the same general pathway towards the brain, from the dorsal root ganglion they travel to the spinal cord.^[2] From the spinal cord to the medulla, which then leads to the medial lemniscus of the midbrain. From here it travels to the primary somatosensory cortex of the parietal lobe.

Etymology and mnemonics

Afferent is derived from Latin participle afferentem (af- = ad- : to + ferre : bear, carry), meaning carrying into. Ad and ex give an easy mnemonic device for remembering the relationship between afferent and efferent : afferent connection arrives and an efferent connection exits.^[3]

Another mnemonic device used for remembering afferent and efferent (in terms of the spinal cord, with its dorsal/ventral organization) is SAME DAVE. Sensory Afferent Motor Efferent, Dorsal Afferent Ventral Efferent.

Afferent and efferent are connected to affect and effect through their common Latin roots: Afferent nerves affect the subject, whereas efferent nerves allow the subject to effect change.

References

^ ^a ^b MacCallum, Don. "Peripheral Nervous System". Histology and Virtual Microscopy Learning Resources. University of Michigan Medical School. Retrieved 24 June 2014.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Carlson, Neil. Physiology of Behavior. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc. ISBN 9780205239399.
^ MedicalMnemonics.com: 3502 3463 367 115

External links

Sensory receptor neurons, a dynamic list of Petilla convention aligned sensory neurons at NeuroLex.

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Mechano- and metabosensitive alterations after injection of botulinum toxin into gastrocnemius muscle.

Caron G1, Rouzi T, Grelot L, Magalon G, Marqueste T, Decherchi P.
Journal of neuroscience research.J Neurosci Res.2014 Jul;92(7):904-14. doi: 10.1002/jnr.23370. Epub 2014 Feb 25.
This study was designed to investigate effects of motor denervation by Clostridium botulinum toxin serotype A (BoNT/A) on the afferent activity of fibers originating from the gastrocnemius muscle of rats. Animals were randomized in two groups, 1) untreated animals acting as control and 2) treated an
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Mechanisms underlying the neuronal-based symptoms of allergy.

Undem BJ1, Taylor-Clark T2.
The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology.J Allergy Clin Immunol.2014 Jun;133(6):1521-1534. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.11.027. Epub 2014 Jan 13.
Persons with allergies present with symptoms that often are the result of alterations in the nervous system. Neuronally based symptoms depend on the organ in which the allergic reaction occurs but can include red itchy eyes, sneezing, nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, coughing, bronchoconstriction, airw
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Efferent and afferent connections of the olfactory bulb and prepiriform cortex in the pigeon (Columba livia).

Atoji Y1, Wild JM.
The Journal of comparative neurology.J Comp Neurol.2014 Jun 1;522(8):1728-52. doi: 10.1002/cne.23504.
Although olfaction in birds is known to be involved in a variety of behaviors, there is comparatively little detailed information on the olfactory brain. In the pigeon brain, the olfactory bulb (OB) is known to project to the prepiriform cortex (CPP), piriform cortex (CPi), and dorsolateral corticoi
PMID 24222632

Japanese Journal

ラット脊髄後角第Ⅱ層ニューロンに及ぼすオキシトシンの作用 − 鎮痛作用機序

PAIN RESEARCH 29(4), 215-231, 2014
NAID 130004839648

Presynaptic Inhibitory Effects of Fluvoxamine, a Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor, on Nociceptive Excitatory Synaptic Transmission in Spinal Superficial Dorsal Horn Neurons of Adult Mice

Journal of Pharmacological Sciences 126(2), 136-145, 2014
NAID 130004690916

In vivoパッチクランプ法を用いた脊髄における内臓感覚シナプス伝逹の解析と下部尿路機能の中枢性制御

Pain research : the journal of the Japanese Society for the Study of Pain = 日本疼痛学会誌 28(3), 155-165, 2013-08-30
NAID 10031203273

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リンク元	「afferent fibre」「求心線維」「求心性線維」「求心性線雑」
拡張検索	「primary afferent fiber」「vestibular primary afferent fiber」
関連記事	「afferent」「afferents」