簡易損傷スケール AIS
WordNet
- take by attacking with scaling ladders; "The troops scaled the walls of the fort"
- a specialized leaf or bract that protects a bud or catkin (同)scale leaf
- an ordered reference standard; "judging on a scale of 1 to 10" (同)scale of measurement, graduated table, ordered series
- relative magnitude; "they entertained on a grand scale"
- size or measure according to a scale; "This model must be scaled down"
- the ratio between the size of something and a representation of it; "the scale of the map"; "the scale of the model"
- a measuring instrument for weighing; shows amount of mass (同)weighing machine
- a flattened rigid plate forming part of the body covering of many animals
- an indicator having a graduated sequence of marks
- (music) a series of notes differing in pitch according to a specific scheme (usually within an octave) (同)musical scale
- a thin flake of dead epidermis shed from the surface of the skin (同)scurf, exfoliation
- remove the scales from; "scale fish" (同)descale
- reach the highest point of; "We scaled the Mont Blanc" (同)surmount
- climb up by means of a ladder
- measure by or as if by a scale; "This bike scales only 25 pounds"
- measure with or as if with scales; "scale the gold"
- pattern, make, regulate, set, measure, or estimate according to some rate or standard
- any physical damage to the body caused by violence or accident or fracture etc. (同)hurt, harm, trauma
- an act that causes someone or something to receive physical damage
- wrongdoing that violates anothers rights and is unjustly inflicted
- an accident that results in physical damage or hurt (同)accidental injury
- the act of arranging in a graduated series (同)grading
- act of measuring or arranging or adjusting according to a scale
- ascent by or as if by a ladder
- cut short in duration; "the abbreviated speech"; "her shortened life was clearly the result of smoking"; "an unsatisfactory truncated conversation" (同)shortened, truncated
- (of clothing) very short; "an abbreviated swimsuit"; "a brief bikini" (同)brief
- shorten; "Abbreviate `New York and write `NY"
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 《しばしば複数形で》『てんびん』,はかり / てんびんのさら / 《重量を表す副詞[句]を伴って》…の目方(体重)がある / …‘を'てんびんではかる
- (蛇・魚類などの)うろこ / うろこ状の物;(ペンキ・さび・ふけなどの)爆片 / 〈魚など〉‘の'うろこを取る;…‘の'皮をはぐ / (…から)〈ペンキなどの薄泰〉‘を'そぎ取る《+『名』+『off』(『from』)+『名』》 / (…から)〈ペンキなどが〉かげ落ちる《+『off』(『from』)+『名』》
- 『段階』,等級,階級 / 『比率』,縮尺 / (物差しなどの)『目盛り』 / (目盛りの付いた)『物差し』;温度計,(各種の)スケール / 『規模』,スケール / 音階 / 記数法,…進法 / …‘を'よじ登る / (…に合わせて)…‘を'調整する《+『名』+『to』+『名』》 / …‘を'縮尺で製図(設計)する
- 『負傷』,『損害』,損傷 / (名誉などを)傷つけること,侮辱《+『to』+『名』》
- …'を'『短縮する』,短くする,切り上げる
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/07/27 15:40:47」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
The Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) is an anatomical-based coding system created by the Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine to classify and describe the severity of injuries.[1][2][3] It represents the threat to life associated with the injury rather than the comprehensive assessment of the severity of the injury.[4] AIS is one of the most common anatomic scales for traumatic injuries.[5] The first version of the scale was published in 1969[6] with major updates in 1976, 1980, 1985, 1990, 1998, 2005, and 2008.[7]
Contents
- 1 Scale
- 2 See also
- 3 External links
- 4 References
Scale
The score describes three aspects of the injury using 7 numbers written as 12(34)(56).7[4]
Each number signifies
- 1- body region
- 2- type of anatomical structure
- 3,4- specific anatomical structure
- 5,6- level
- 7- Severity of score
1. Body region
| AIS Code |
Region |
| 1 |
Head |
| 2 |
Face |
| 3 |
Neck |
| 4 |
Thorax |
| 5 |
Abdomen |
| 6 |
Spine |
| 7 |
Upper Extremity |
| 8 |
Lower Extremity |
| 9 |
Unspecified |
2. Type of Anatomic Structure
| AIS Code |
Region |
| 1 |
Whole Area |
| 2 |
Vessels |
| 3 |
Nerves |
| 4 |
Organs (inc. muscles/ligaments) |
| 5 |
Skeletal (inc. joints) |
| 6 |
Loss of Consciousness (head only) |
3/4 Specific Anatomic Structure }-
| Whole Area |
| AIS Code |
Region |
| 02 |
Skin Abrasion |
| 04 |
Contusion |
| 06 |
Laceration |
| 08 |
Avulsion |
| 10 |
Amputation |
| 20 |
Burn |
| 30 |
Crush |
| 40 |
Degloving |
| 50 |
Injury - NFS |
| 60 |
Penetrating |
| Head - Loss of Consciousness (LOC) |
| 02 |
Length of loss of consciousness |
| 04-08 |
Level of consciousness |
| 10 |
Concussion |
| Spine |
| 02 |
Cervical |
| 04 |
Thoracic |
| 06 |
Lumbar |
| Vessels, Nerves, Organs, Bones, Joints |
| 02 |
Vessels |
| 04 |
Nerves |
| 06 |
Organs |
| 08 |
Bones |
| 10 |
Joints |
5/6 Level }-
| Specific Injuries are assigned consecutive two-digit numbers beginning with 02
Fractures, rupture, laceration, etc.
|
Severity
Abbreviated Injury Score-Code is on a scale of one to six, one being a minor injury and six being maximal (currently untreatable).[1] An AIS-Code of 6 is not the arbitrary code for a deceased patient or fatal injury, but the code for injuries specifically assigned an AIS 6 severity.[1] An AIS-Code of 9 is used to describe injuries for which not enough information is available for more detailed coding, e.g. crush injury to the head.
The AIS scale is a measurement tool for single injuries. A universally accepted injury aggregation function has not yet been proposed, though the injury severity score and its derivatives are better aggregators for use in clinical settings.[1][5] In other settings such as automotive design and occupant protection, MAIS is a useful tool for the comparison of specific injuries and their relative severity and the changes in those frequencies that may result from evolving motor vehicle design.[1]
Abbreviated injury Score
| AIS-Code |
Injury |
Example |
AIS % prob. of death |
| 1 |
Minor |
superficial laceration |
0 |
| 2 |
Moderate |
fractured sternum |
1 – 2 |
| 3 |
Serious |
open fracture of humerus |
8 – 10 |
| 4 |
Severe |
perforated trachea |
5 – 50 |
| 5 |
Critical |
ruptured liver with tissue loss |
5 - 50 |
| 6 |
Maximum |
total severance of aorta |
100 |
| 9 |
Not further specified (NFS) |
|
|
See also
- Injury severity score
- Functional capacity index
External links
References
- ^ a b c d e Thomas A. Gennarelli, Elaine Wodzin (Hrsg.): The Abbreviated Injury Scale 2005. Update 2008. American Association for Automotive Medicine (AAAM), Des Plaines, IL 2008.
- ^ Lesko MM, Woodford M, White L, O'Brien SJ, Childs C, Lecky FE (2010). "Using Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) codes to classify Computed Tomography (CT) features in the Marshall System". BMC Med Res Methodol 10: 72. doi:10.1186/1471-2288-10-72. PMC 2927606. PMID 20691038.
- ^ "TRAUMA.ORG: Abbreviated Injury Scale". Archived from the original on 6 January 2011. Retrieved 2011-01-23.
- ^ a b Abbreviated injury scale. University of Chicago: American Association for Automotive Medicine. 1985. p. 80.
- ^ a b Andrew B., MD Peitzman; Andrew B. Peitzman; Michael, MD Sabom; Donald M., MD Yearly; Timothy C., MD Fabian (2002). The Trauma Manual. Hagerstwon, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 29–30. ISBN 0-7817-2641-7.
- ^ John D. States: The Abbreviated and the Comprehensive Research Injury Scales. In: STAPP Car Crash Journal. 13, Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc., New York 1969, ISSN 1532-8546, S. 282–294, LCCN 67-22372.
- ^ "AAAM's Abbreviated Injury Scale". Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine. Retrieved 2014-03-27.
|
Trauma
|
|
| Principles |
- Polytrauma
- Major trauma
- Traumatology
- Triage
- Resuscitation
- Trauma triad of death
|
|
| Assessment |
| Clinical prediction rules |
- Revised Trauma Score
- Injury Severity Score
- Abbreviated Injury Scale
- NACA score
|
|
| Investigations |
- Diagnostic peritoneal lavage
- Focused assessment with sonography for trauma
|
|
|
| Management |
| Principles |
- Advanced trauma life support
- Trauma surgery
- Trauma center
- Trauma team
- Damage control surgery
- Early appropriate care
|
|
| Procedures |
- Resuscitative thoracotomy
|
|
|
| Pathophysiology |
| Injury |
- MSK
- Bone fracture
- Joint dislocation
- Degloving
- Soft tissue injury
- Resp
- Flail chest
- Pneumothorax
- Hemothorax
- Diaphragmatic rupture
- Pulmonary contusion
- Cardio
- Internal bleeding
- Thoracic aorta injury
- Cardiac tamponade
- GI
- Blunt kidney trauma
- Ruptured spleen
- Neuro
- Penetrating head injury
- Traumatic brain injury
- Intracranial hemorrhage
|
|
| Mechanism |
- Blast injury
- Blunt trauma
- Burn
- Penetrating trauma
- Crush injury
- Stab wound
- Ballistic trauma
- Electrocution
|
|
| Region |
- Abdominal trauma
- Chest trauma
- Facial trauma
- Head injury
- Spinal cord injury
|
|
| Demographic |
- Geriatric trauma
- Pediatric trauma
|
|
|
| Sequelae |
- Posttraumatic stress disorder
- Wound healing
- Acute lung injury
- Crush syndrome
- Compartment syndrome
- Contracture
- Fat embolism
- Chronic traumatic encephalopathy
|
|
|
Index of bones and cartilage
|
|
| Description |
- Anatomy
- bones
- skull
- face
- neurocranium
- compound structures
- foramina
- upper extremity
- torso
- pelvis
- lower extremity
- Physiology
- Development
- Cells
|
|
| Disease |
- Congenital
- Neoplasms and cancer
- Trauma
- Other
- Symptoms and signs
|
|
| Treatment |
|
|
|
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Mapping Abbreviated Injury Scale data from 1990 to 1998 versions: A stepping-stone in the contemporary evaluation of trauma.
- Palmer CS, Lang J, Russell G, Dallow N, Harvey K, Gabbe B, Cameron P.SourceTrauma Service, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia. Electronic address: cameron.palmer@rch.org.au.
- Injury.Injury.2013 Nov;44(11):1437-1442. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2012.08.033. Epub 2012 Sep 14.
- INTRODUCTION: Many trauma registries have used the 1990 revision of the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS; AIS90) to code injuries sustained by trauma patients. Due to changes made to the AIS codeset since its release, AIS90-coded data lacks currency in the assessment of injury severity. The ability to
- PMID 22981368
- Injury pattern, hospital triage and mortality of 1,250 patients with severe traumatic brain injury caused by road traffic accidents.
- Leijdesdorff HA, van Dijck JT, Krijnen P, Vleggeert CL, Schipper IB.SourceLeiden University Medical Center, Department of Trauma Surgery, Leiden, Netherlands ; a.leijdesdorff@gelre.nl.
- Journal of neurotrauma.J Neurotrauma.2013 Oct 6. [Epub ahead of print]
- This epidemiological study analyzed the incidence, risk factors, hospital triage and outcome of patients with severe traumatic brain injuries (sTBI) caused by road traffic accidents (RTA) admitted to hospitals in the Trauma Center West-Netherlands (TCWN) region. Trauma registry data were used to ide
- PMID 24093437
- Severe Traumatic Brain Injury in a High-Income Country: An Epidemiological Study.
- Walder B, Haller G, Rebetez MM, Delhumeau C, Bottequin E, Schoettker P, Ravussin P, Brodmann Maeder M, Stover JF, Zürcher M, Haller A, Wäckelin A, Haberthür C, Fandino J, Haller CS, Osterwalder J.Source1 Division of Anesthesiology, University Hospitals of Geneva (HUG) , Geneva, Switzerland .
- Journal of neurotrauma.J Neurotrauma.2013 Oct 5. [Epub ahead of print]
- Abstract This adult cohort determined the incidence and patients' short-term outcomes of severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) in Switzerland and age-related differences. A prospective cohort study with a follow-up at 14 days was performed. Patients ≥16 years of age sustaining sTBI and admitted to
- PMID 23822874
Japanese Journal
- 外傷 (特集 緊急度・重症度指標--検査施行・入院判断のために) -- (予後評価の指標)
- マルチボディモデルを用いた前面衝突事故シミュレーションによる乗員傷害予測手法の構築
- 宮崎 祐介,Pramudita Jonas Aditya,片桐 麻衣佳 [他]
- 自動車技術会論文集 42(1), 73-78, 2011-01
- NAID 40018721546
Related Links
- The Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) is an anatomical scoring system first introduced in 1969. Since this time it has been revised and updated against survival so that it now provides a reasonably accurrate was of ranking the severity of injury.
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
[★]
- 英
- abbreviated injury scale AIS
[★]
- 1. (魚・は虫類の)うろこ。(チョウ・ガの)鱗粉。(皮膚の)鱗屑。薄片。(植物)芽鱗、鱗片。(動物)カイガラムシ。(金属を熱したときにできる)薄い酸化膜、スケール。(ボイラーややかんの内側にできる)湯垢。歯石。
- 2. 目盛り、定規、物差し、尺度、基準。(地図などの)縮尺比、縮尺目盛り。階級、等級。規模、スケール
- 3. はかり、てんびん
[★]
- 関
- damage、injure、insult、lesion、spoilage、trauma、traumatic、traumatic injury、wound
[★]
- 関
- abbreviation、omission、omit
[★]
-
- 縮尺や変換係数を定めること、歯石とプラークを除去すること
[★]
- 関
- short