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flagellates parasitic in alimentary or genitourinary tracts of vertebrates and invertebrates including humans

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/09/21 19:10:39」(JST)

Trichomonas is a genus of anaerobic protists that are parasites of vertebrates. They are included with the Parabasalids.

Species of Trichomonas include:

Trichomonas vaginalis, an organism generally living inside the human urinogenital tract.
Trichomonas gallinae, which infects birds, causing canker in pigeons and doves, and frounce in raptors. Frounce-like lesions found in the fossil jaws of tyrannosaurid dinosaurs such as Tyrannosaurus rex were probably caused by a parasite similar to Trichomonas gallinae.^[1]
Trichomonas tenax, an organism found in the oral cavity of humans, cats, and dogs
Trichomonas termopsidis, found in termite guts^[2]

Restoration of a Tyrannosaurus with Trichomonas-like infections.

^ Wolff, E.D.S., Salisbury, S.W., Horner J.R., & Varricchio D.J. (2009). Hansen, Dennis Marinus, ed. "Common Avian Infection Plagued the Tyrant Dinosaurs". PLoS ONE. 4 (9): e7288. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0007288. PMC 2748709. PMID 19789646.
^ "Kingdom Protista". Biology 1AL Laboratory Manual. UC Berkeley. Fall 2011. p. 42.

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Clinical Evidence for the Role of Trichomonas vaginalis in Regulation of Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor in the Female Genital Tract.

Huppert JS, Huang B, Chen C, Dawood HY, Fichorova RN.SourceDivision of Gynecology.
The Journal of infectious diseases.J Infect Dis.2013 May;207(9):1462-70. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jit039. Epub 2013 Jan 25.
Background. Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) is responsible for regulating inflammatory damage to and innate and adaptive immune responses in the vaginal mucosa. Depressed cervicovaginal SLPI levels have been correlated with both Trichomonas vaginalis infection and poor reproductive h
PMID 23355743

Structure of a Protozoan Virus from the Human Genitourinary Parasite Trichomonas vaginalis.

Parent KN, Takagi Y, Cardone G, Olson NH, Ericsson M, Yang M, Lee Y, Asara JM, Fichorova RN, Baker TS, Nibert ML.SourceDepartment of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
mBio.MBio.2013 Apr 2;4(2). pii: e00056-13. doi: 10.1128/mBio.00056-13.
ABSTRACT The flagellated protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis is an obligate human genitourinary parasite and the most frequent cause of sexually transmitted disease worldwide. Most clinical isolates of T. vaginalis are persistently infected with one or more double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) viruses from the
PMID 23549915

Methyl jasmonate induces cell death and loss of hydrogenosomal membrane potential in Trichomonas vaginalis

VILELA R.,MENNA-BARRETO R. F. S.,BENCHIMOL M.
Parasitology international : official journal of the Japanese Society of Parasitology 59(3), 387-393, 2010-09-01
NAID 10029825261

Trichomonas vaginalis nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase and ecto-5'-nucleotidase activities are inhibited by lycorine and candimine

GIORDANI Raquel B.,WEIZENMANN Marina,ROSEMBERG Denis Broock,DE CARLI Geraldo Attilio,BOGO Mauricio Reis,ZUANAZZI Jose Angelo S.,TASCA Tiana
Parasitology international : official journal of the Japanese Society of Parasitology 59(2), 226-231, 2010-06-01
NAID 10029824230

メトロニダゾールの活性化には嫌気性生物の発酵に関与する酵素 pyruvate-derredocin oxidoreductase,PFORが必要
pyruvate-ferredoxin oxidoreductaseはferredoxinをreduced ferredoxinに変換するが、これに共役してメトロニダゾールがreduced metronidazole(活性型)に変換される。

PFORは宿主細胞(好気性生物)には存在しないので、原虫や嫌気性生物が特異的に障害を受ける