Mucorales

　

WordNet

1. an order of mostly saprophytic fungi (同)order Mucorales

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/03/10 16:29:51」(JST)

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Mucorales
A sporangium of a Mucoralean fungus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Fungi
Subkingdom:	incertae sedis
Subdivision:	Mucoromycotina
Order:	Mucorales
Families
Chaetocladiaceae Choanephoraceae Cunninghamellaceae Gilbertellaceae Mucoraceae Mycotyphaceae Phycomycetaceae Pilobolaceae Radiomycetaceae Saksenaeaceae Syncephalastraceae Thamnidiaceae Umbelopsidaceae

The Mucorales is the largest and best studied order of Zygomycete fungi. Members of this order are sometimes called pin molds.

§Systematics

The order includes 12-13 families, 56 genera and approximately 300 species. Mucoralean classification has traditionally been based on morphological, developmental, and ecological characters. Recently, molecular data have revealed that some aspects of traditional classification are quite artificial. For example, the Mucoraceae is believed to be polyphyletic, as are the Thamnidiaceae, Chaetocladiaceae and Radiomycetaceae. Some of the genera, (including Mucor, Absidia and Backusella) appear to be polyphyletic. Today, the traditional system is still largely in use, as further studies are needed to reconcile morphological and molecular concepts of families and genera.

§Characteristics

Micrograph showing mucorales and demonstrating the characteristic variation thickness.

Mucoralean fungi are typically fast-growing, and their wide hyphae lack septa (multiperforate septa are present only in sporangiophores and gametangia). The hyphae grow mostly within the substrate. Sporangiophores are upright (simple or ramified) hyphae that support sac-like sporangia filled with asexual sporangiospores.

Many are known by the damage they do to stored food. Others can cause a mycosis (infection), generally in patients already infected with other diseases. various types of spores in Mucorales 1 Merosporangia 2 Oidia 3 Sporangiola

§Life cycle

The sporangiospores are asexual mitospores (formed via mitosis) that are produced inside sporangia (thousands of spores) or sporangioles (single or few spores). They are released when mature by the disintegration of the sporangium wall, or as a whole sporangiole that separates from the sporangiophore.

The sporangiospores germinate to form the haploid hyphae of a new mycelium. Asexual reproduction often occurs continuously.

In heterothallic species, sexual reproduction occurs when opposite mating types (designated + and -) come into close proximity, inducing the formation of specialized hyphae called gametangia. The gametangia grow toward each other, then fuse, forming a diploid zygote at the point of fusion. The zygote develops a resistant cell wall, forming a single-celled zygospore, the characteristic that gives its name to this group of fungi. Meiosis occurs within the zygospore (see article Phycomyces). Upon germination, a new haploid mycelium or sporangium is formed. Some species are homothallic.

The original report of sex in fungi occurred two centuries ago based on observations of the fungus Syzygites mealocarpus (Mucoromycotina) (reviewed by Idnurm). This species was also subsequently used in 1904 to represent self-fertile species when the concept of two major mating strategies were developed for the fungi. These strategies are homothallism for self-fertile fungi and heterothallism for self-incompatible, outcrossing fungi.

§Ecology

Most Mucoralean species are saprotrophic, and grow on organic substrates (such as fruit, soil, and dung). Some species are parasites or pathogens of animals, plants and fungi. A few species cause human and animal disease zygomycosis, as well as allergic reactions.

§References

• Voigt & Wöstemeyer, 2001 [1]
• Mucorales in Bryce Kendrick's textbook, The Fifth Kingdom.
• Mucorales at Zygomycetes.org

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. ムコール症（接合真菌症） mucormycosis zygomycosis
• 2. 侵襲性アスペルギルス症の診断 diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis
• 3. 米国における真菌による中枢神経系感染症および骨関節感染症のアウトブレイク：疫学、臨床症状および診断 outbreak of fungal central nervous system and osteoarticular infections in the united states epidemiology clinical manifestations and diagnosis
• 4. 好中球減少時に発熱がある成人に対する診断的アプローチ diagnostic approach to the adult presenting with neutropenic fever
• 5. 抗真菌剤感受性試験 antifungal susceptibility testing

English Journal

• Microbiota Dynamics Associated with Environmental Conditions and Potential Roles of Cellulolytic Communities in Traditional Chinese Cereal Starter Solid-State Fermentation.

• Li P1, Liang H1, Lin WT1, Feng F1, Luo L2.
• Applied and environmental microbiology.Appl Environ Microbiol.2015 Aug 1;81(15):5144-56. doi: 10.1128/AEM.01325-15. Epub 2015 May 22.
• Traditional Chinese solid-state fermented cereal starters contain highly complex microbial communities and enzymes. Very little is known, however, about the microbial dynamics related to environmental conditions, and cellulolytic communities have never been proposed to exist during cereal starter fe
• PMID 26002897

• Biological roles of fungal carotenoids.

• Avalos J1, Carmen Limón M.
• Current genetics.Curr Genet.2015 Aug;61(3):309-24. doi: 10.1007/s00294-014-0454-x. Epub 2014 Oct 5.
• Carotenoids are terpenoid pigments widespread in nature, produced by bacteria, fungi, algae and plants. They are also found in animals, which usually obtain them through the diet. Carotenoids in plants provide striking yellow, orange or red colors to fruits and flowers, and play important metabolic
• PMID 25284291

• Mucormycosis in a Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Patient Caused by Syncephalastrum racemosum: Case Report and Review of Literature.

• Rodríguez-Gutiérrez G1, Carrillo-Casas EM, Arenas R, García-Méndez JO, Toussaint S, Moreno-Morales ME, Schcolnik-Cabrera AA, Xicohtencatl-Cortes J, Hernández-Castro R.
• Mycopathologia.Mycopathologia.2015 Aug;180(1-2):89-93. doi: 10.1007/s11046-015-9878-1. Epub 2015 Mar 5.
• Mucormycosis is a rare opportunistic fungal infection caused by saprophytic zygomycetes. These fungal infections are caused by members of the mucorales. The clinical importance of zygomycosis, an emerging and frequently fatal mycotic disease, has increased during recent years, due to several risk fa
• PMID 25736172

Japanese Journal

• Clinical spectrum and outcome of invasive filamentous fungal infections in children with Type 1 diabetes: North Indian experience

• Dayal Devi,Jain Puneet,Kumar Rakesh,Bakshi Jaimanti,Menon Prema,Das Ashim,Singhi Sunit,Singh Meenu
• Clinical Pediatric Endocrinology 24(2), 51-57, 2015
• … Majority of the identified mycoses belonged to Class Zygomycetes Order Mucorales. …
• NAID 130005069650

• Variations in the morphology of Rhizomucor pusillus in granulomatous lesions of a Magellanic penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus)

• SUZUTA Fumiko,KIMURA Kumiko,URAKAWA Ryo,KUSUDA Yukio,TANAKA Shogo,HANAFUSA Yasuko,HARITANI Makoto
• Journal of Veterinary Medical Science advpub(0), 2015
• … The very narrow and short hyphae in the nodules were not consistent with the characteristics of Mucorales. … However, for most hyphae, including those in the nodules, sporangiospores and sporangia, immunohistochemistry revealed Mucorales-positive reactions. …
• NAID 130005064936

• 症例報告 下腿に生じた皮膚ムコール症の1例

• 田尻 真貴子,永田 貴久,三宅 大我 [他]
• 臨床皮膚科 = Japanese journal of clinical dermatology 68(7), 545-549, 2014-06
• NAID 40020119054

Related Links

• Mucorales - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Mucorales is the largest and best studied order of Zygomycete fungi. Members of this order are sometimes called pin molds. Contents. 1 Systematics; 2 Characteristics; 3 Life cycle; 4 Ecology; 5 References. Systematics [edit]. The order ...

• Zygomycetes: Mucorales

Mucorales. Overview. The Mucorales, or its vernacular equivalent, began as a modest order of four families (van Tieghem, 1878) and gradually the number of families has increased as new taxa have been described. This is understandable  ...

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「ムコール症」「Mucor」「ケカビ目」

「ムコール症」

　　[★]

英

mucormycosis

同

藻菌症 フィコミコーシス phycomycosis、接合菌症 zygomycosis

関

ムコール科

• first aid step1 2006 p.257

病原体

• ムーコル目 Mucoralesに含まれるAbsidia、Mucor、Rhizomucor、Rhizopus
• 特にRhizopus属

病型

• 肺ムコール症
• 鼻眼脳型ムーコル症

検査

• グロコット染色した病理標本からの菌糸の同定
• 血液培養：単離されることは少ない

治療

• アムホテリシンB
• デブリドマン

「Mucor」

　　[★] ケカビ

• (カビの一属)カビ、カビ属、ムコール属、Mucor属

関

Mucorales

「ケカビ目」

　　[★]

ラ

Mucorales

関

ケカビ属