WordNet

of summer nights in northern latitudes where the sun barely sets; "white nights"
the quality or state of the achromatic color of greatest lightness (bearing the least resemblance to black) (同)whiteness
(board games) the lighter pieces
restricted to whites only; "under segregation there were even white restrooms and white drinking fountains"; "a lily-white movement which would expel Negroes from the organization" (同)lily-white
marked by the presence of snow; "a white Christmas"; "the white hills of a northern winter" (同)snowy
glowing white with heat; "white flames"; "a white-hot center of the fire" (同)white-hot
(of hair) having lost its color; "the white hairs of old age" (同)whitened
(of coffee) having cream or milk added
being of the achromatic color of maximum lightness; having little or no hue owing to reflection of almost all incident light; "as white as fresh snow"; "a brides white dress"
benevolent; without malicious intent; "thats white of you"
free from moral blemish or impurity; unsullied; "in shining white armor"
of or belonging to a racial group having light skin coloration; "voting patterns within the white population"
United States educator who in 1865 (with Ezra Cornell) founded Cornell University and served as its first president (1832-1918) (同)Andrew D. White, Andrew Dickson White
United States writer noted for his humorous essays (1899-1985) (同)E. B. White, Elwyn Brooks White
United States jurist appointed chief justice of the United States Supreme Court in 1910 by President Taft; noted for his work on antitrust legislation (1845-1921) (同)Edward White, Edward D. White, Edward Douglas White Jr.
Australian writer (1912-1990) (同)Patrick White, Patrick Victor Martindale White
United States architect (1853-1906) (同)Stanford White
United States political journalist (1915-1986) (同)T. H. White, Theodore Harold White
a member of the Caucasoid race (同)White person, Caucasian
a tributary of the Mississippi River that flows southeastward through northern Arkansas and southern Missouri (同)White River
restriction imposed by the government on documents or weapons that are available only to certain authorized people
a group of people or things arranged by class or category (同)categorization, categorisation
the basic cognitive process of arranging into classes or categories (同)categorization, categorisation, sorting

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉『白』,白色 / 〈U〉〈C〉白いもの;(特に)『卵の白身』 / 〈U〉『白衣』,白色の服;《しばしば複数形で》白の制服(運動着など) / 〈C〉白人 / 『白い』,白色の,純白の / (恐怖で人・顔・唇などが)『青白い』,血の気のない(pale) / (皮膚の色の)白い,白人の / (髪・ひげなどが)銀色の,改色の / 雪のある,雪の積もった / 《おもに古》潔白の,罪のない / 《英》(コーヒーが)ミルク入りの / …‘を'白くする,漂白する
〈U〉〈C〉分類[作業];分類法;分類結果 / 〈U〉(生物学上の)分類
=Whitsunday

UpToDate Contents

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1. 妊娠前糖尿病：産科的問題およびマネージメント pregestational diabetes mellitus obstetrical issues and management
2. 妊娠糖尿病：産科的問題とマネージメント gestational diabetes mellitus obstetrical issues and management
3. 1型および2型糖尿病の女性における妊娠のリスク pregnancy risks in women with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus

English Journal

Comparison of dkgB-linked intergenic sequence ribotyping to DNA microarray hybridization for assigning serotype to Salmonella enterica.

Guard J, Sanchez-Ingunza R, Morales C, Stewart T, Liljebjelke K, Van Kessel J, Ingram K, Jones D, Jackson C, Fedorka-Cray P, Frye J, Gast R, Hinton A Jr.Author information Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA 30605, USA. jean.guard@ars.usda.govAbstractTwo DNA-based methods were compared for the ability to assign serotype to 139 isolates of Salmonella enterica ssp. I. Intergenic sequence ribotyping (ISR) evaluated single nucleotide polymorphisms occurring in a 5S ribosomal gene region and flanking sequences bordering the gene dkgB. A DNA microarray hybridization method that assessed the presence and the absence of sets of genes was the second method. Serotype was assigned for 128 (92.1%) of submissions by the two DNA methods. ISR detected mixtures of serotypes within single colonies and it cost substantially less than Kauffmann-White serotyping and DNA microarray hybridization. Decreasing the cost of serotyping S. enterica while maintaining reliability may encourage routine testing and research.
FEMS microbiology letters.FEMS Microbiol Lett.2012 Dec;337(1):61-72. doi: 10.1111/1574-6968.12010. Epub 2012 Oct 19.
Two DNA-based methods were compared for the ability to assign serotype to 139 isolates of Salmonella enterica ssp. I. Intergenic sequence ribotyping (ISR) evaluated single nucleotide polymorphisms occurring in a 5S ribosomal gene region and flanking sequences bordering the gene dkgB. A DNA microarra
PMID 22998607

Variable expression of O:61 in Salmonella group C2.

Mikoleit M, Van Duyne MS, Halpin J, McGlinchey B, Fields PI.Author information Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Infectious Diseases, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Enteric Diseases, Enteric Diseases Laboratory Branch, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. MMikoleit@cdc.govAbstractAccording to the Kauffmann-White scheme, 39 pairs of serovars in Salmonella serogroup C2 differ only by the minor antigen O:6(1). We characterized strains from 10 serovars representing five Salmonella serogroup C2 pairs. All strains demonstrated variable expression of O:6(1). These results indicate that these pairs are not distinct serovars.
Journal of clinical microbiology.J Clin Microbiol.2012 Dec;50(12):4098-9. doi: 10.1128/JCM.01676-12. Epub 2012 Sep 26.
According to the Kauffmann-White scheme, 39 pairs of serovars in Salmonella serogroup C2 differ only by the minor antigen O:6(1). We characterized strains from 10 serovars representing five Salmonella serogroup C2 pairs. All strains demonstrated variable expression of O:6(1). These results indicate
PMID 23015665

Molecular determination of H antigens of Salmonella by use of a microsphere-based liquid array.

McQuiston JR, Waters RJ, Dinsmore BA, Mikoleit ML, Fields PI.Author information National Salmonella Reference Laboratory, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, MS-C03, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. zje8@cdc.govAbstractSerotyping of Salmonella has been an invaluable subtyping method for epidemiologic studies for more than 70 years. The technical difficulties of serotyping, primarily in antiserum production and quality control, can be overcome with modern molecular methods. We developed a DNA-based assay targeting the genes encoding the flagellar antigens (fliC and fljB) of the Kauffmann-White serotyping scheme. Fifteen H antigens (H:a, -b, -c, -d, -d/j, -e,h, -i, -k, -r, -y, -z, -z(10), -z(29), -z(35), and -z(6)), 5 complex major antigens (H:G, -EN, -Z4, -1, and -L) and 16 complex secondary antigens (H:2, -5, -6, -7, -f, -m/g,m, -m/m,t, -p, -s, -t/m,t, -v, -x, -z(15), -z(24), -z(28), and -z(51)) were targeted in the assay. DNA probes targeting these antigens were designed and evaluated on 500 isolates tested in parallel with traditional serotyping methods. The assay correctly identified 461 (92.2%) isolates based on the 36 antigens detected in the assay. Among the isolates considered correctly identified, 47 (9.4%) were partially serotyped because probes corresponding to some antigens in the strains were not in the assay, and 13 (2.6%) were monophasic or nonmotile strains that possessed flagellar antigen genes that were not expressed but were detected in the assay. The 39 (7.8%) strains that were not correctly identified possessed an antigen that should have been detected by the assay but was not. Apparent false-negative results may be attributed to allelic divergence. The molecular assay provided results that paralleled traditional methods with a much greater throughput, while maintaining the integrity of the Kauffmann-White serotyping scheme, thus providing backwards-compatible epidemiologic data. This assay should greatly enhance the ability of clinical and public health laboratories to serotype Salmonella.
Journal of clinical microbiology.J Clin Microbiol.2011 Feb;49(2):565-73. doi: 10.1128/JCM.01323-10. Epub 2010 Dec 15.
Serotyping of Salmonella has been an invaluable subtyping method for epidemiologic studies for more than 70 years. The technical difficulties of serotyping, primarily in antiserum production and quality control, can be overcome with modern molecular methods. We developed a DNA-based assay targeting
PMID 21159932

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「カウフマン・ホワイトの抗原表」「カウフマン・ホワイト分類」
関連記事	「classification」「white」「White」