ヒトTリンパ球向性ウイルスII型、ヒトTリンパ球向性ウイルス2型、ヒトTリンパ好性ウイルスII型、ヒトTリンパ好性ウイルス2型、ヒトT細胞白血病ウイルスII型、ヒトT細胞白血病ウイルス2型

関: HTLV-2、human T-cell leukemia virus II、human T-cell leukemia virus type 2、human T-cell leukemia virus type II、human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 2、human T-lymphotropic virus 2、human T-lymphotropic virus type 2、human T-lymphotropic virus type II

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the 9th letter of the Roman alphabet (同)i

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iodineの化学記号

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/05/31 20:18:33」(JST)

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A virus closely related to HTLV-I, Human T-lymphotropic virus 2 (HTLV-II) shares approximately 70% genomic homology (structural similarity) with HTLV-I.

It is found predominantly in Native Americans,^[1] and South American Indian groups. And also in Asian countries. More common in Japan and Korea. It can be passed down from mother to child through breastmilk and genetically as well from either parent.

HTLV-II entry in target cells is mediated by the glucose transporter GLUT1.^[2]

Clinical significance [edit]

HTLV-II has not been clearly linked to any disease, but has been associated with several cases of myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP)- like neurological disease.

An impact on platelet count has been observed.^[3]

In the 1980s, HTLV-2 was identified in a patient with an unidentified T cell lymphoproliferative disease that was described as having characteristics similar to the B cell disorder, hairy cell leukemia.^[4] HTLV-2 was identified in a second patient with a T cell lymphoproliferative disease; this patient later developed hairy cell leukemia, but HTLV-2 was not found in the hairy cell clones.^[5] The cause of hairy cell leukemia is not known, but it is no longer believed to be related to viral infections.

References [edit]

^ Roucoux DF, Murphy EL. Unknown parameter |= ignored (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
^ Manel N, Kim FJ, Kinet S, Taylor N, Sitbon M, Battini JL (November 2003). "The ubiquitous glucose transporter GLUT-1 is a receptor for HTLV". Cell 115 (4): 449–59. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00881-X. PMID 14622599.
^ Bartman MT, Kaidarova Z, Hirschkorn D, et al. (November 2008). "Long-term increases in lymphocytes and platelets in human T-lymphotropic virus type II infection". Blood 112 (10): 3995–4002. doi:10.1182/blood-2008-05-155960. PMC 2581993. PMID 18755983.
^ Kalyanaraman VS, Sarngadharan MG, Robert-Guroff M, Miyoshi I, Golde D, Gallo RC (November 1982). "A new subtype of human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV-II) associated with a T-cell variant of hairy cell leukemia". Science 218 (4572): 571–3. doi:10.1126/science.6981847. PMID 6981847.
^ Rosenblatt JD, Giorgi JV, Golde DW, et al. (February 1988). "Integrated human T-cell leukemia virus II genome in CD8 + T cells from a patient with "atypical" hairy cell leukemia: evidence for distinct T and B cell lymphoproliferative disorders". Blood 71 (2): 363–9. PMID 2827811.

External links [edit]

International Retrovirology Association
Human T-lymphotropic virus 2 at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

UpToDate Contents

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1. ヒトTリンパ球好性ウイルスI型：疾患関連、診断、および治療 human t lymphotropic virus type i disease associations diagnosis and treatment
2. 供血の臨床検査 laboratory testing of donated blood
3. ヒトTリンパ球好性ウイルスI型：ウイルス学、病因、および疫学 human t lymphotropic virus type i virology pathogenesis and epidemiology
4. 成人T細胞性白血病/リンパ腫の臨床症状、病理学的特徴、および診断 clinical manifestations pathologic features and diagnosis of adult t cell leukemia lymphoma
5. HIVの進行に影響を与える因子 factors affecting hiv progression

English Journal

Inability to Detect Human T Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 2-Specific Antibodies in a Patient Coinfected with HIV-1, Human T Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1, Human T Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 2, and Hepatitis C Virus.

Caterino-de-Araujo A, Magri MC, Sato NS, Morimoto HK, Brigido LF, Morimoto AA.Author information 1 Centro de Imunologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz , Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de São Paulo, São Paulo, S.P., Brazil .AbstractAbstract HIV-1, human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 and type 2 (HTLV-1 and HTLV-2) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are common among intravenous drug users (IDUs) and can cause chronic infections in the host. Usually, the diagnosis of such viruses employs serological assays; however, some difficulties in confirming HTLV-2 infection have been reported in high-risk populations in Brazil. We present data of an unusual case of coinfection with HIV-1, HTLV-1, HTLV-2, and HCV in a male IDU in which HTLV-2 was detected only by molecular assays. Comparative analysis of retroviruses from 2002 and 2012 showed identical HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 sequences (LTR, env, and tax), and a change in HIV-1 tropism from CXCR4 to CCR5. No mutation was detected in the hot points of the env region of the HTLV-2 isolate that justified the lack of rgp46-II-specific antibodies. These data emphasize the need for molecular assays to diagnose HTLV-2 in high-risk populations in Brazil.
AIDS research and human retroviruses.AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses.2014 Jan;30(1):97-101. doi: 10.1089/AID.2013.0158. Epub 2013 Aug 19.
Abstract HIV-1, human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 and type 2 (HTLV-1 and HTLV-2) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are common among intravenous drug users (IDUs) and can cause chronic infections in the host. Usually, the diagnosis of such viruses employs serological assays; however, some difficulties
PMID 23875602

Human T cell leukaemia virus type 2 tax protein mediates CC-chemokine expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells via the nuclear factor kappa B canonical pathway.

Barrios CS, Castillo L, Zhi H, Giam CZ, Beilke MA.Author information Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Research Service 151-I, Clement J. Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, USA.AbstractRetroviral co-infections with human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) and human T cell leukaemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) or type 2 (HTLV-2) are prevalent in many areas worldwide. It has been observed that HIV-1/HTLV-2 co-infections are associated with slower rates of CD4(+) T cell decline and delayed progression to AIDS. This immunological benefit has been linked to the ability of Tax2, the transcriptional activating protein of HTLV-2, to induce the expression of macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α/CCL3, MIP-1β/CCL4 and regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES)/CCL5 and to down-regulate the expression of the CCR5 co-receptor in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). This study aimed to assess the role of Tax2-mediated activation of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signalling pathway on the production of the anti-viral CC-chemokines MIP-1α, MIP-1β and RANTES. Recombinant Tax1 and Tax2 proteins, or proteins expressed via adenoviral vectors used to infect cells, were tested for their ability to activate the NF-κB pathway in cultured PBMCs in the presence or absence of NF-κB pathway inhibitors. Results showed a significant release of MIP-1α, MIP-1β and RANTES by PBMCs after the activation of p65/RelA and p50. The secretion of these CC-chemokines was significantly reduced (P < 0·05) by canonical NF-κB signalling inhibitors. In conclusion, Tax2 protein may promote innate anti-viral immune responses through the activation of the canonical NF-κB pathway.
Clinical and experimental immunology.Clin Exp Immunol.2014 Jan;175(1):92-103. doi: 10.1111/cei.12213.
Retroviral co-infections with human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) and human T cell leukaemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) or type 2 (HTLV-2) are prevalent in many areas worldwide. It has been observed that HIV-1/HTLV-2 co-infections are associated with slower rates of CD4(+) T cell decline and dela
PMID 24116893

Retrovirus-specific differences in matrix and nucleocapsid protein-nucleic Acid interactions: implications for genomic RNA packaging.

Sun M, Grigsby IF, Gorelick RJ, Mansky LM, Musier-Forsyth K.Author information Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Retroviral Research, and Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.AbstractRetroviral RNA encapsidation involves a recognition event between genomic RNA (gRNA) and one or more domains in Gag. In HIV-1, the nucleocapsid (NC) domain is involved in gRNA packaging and displays robust nucleic acid (NA) binding and chaperone functions. In comparison, NC of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), a deltaretrovirus, displays weaker NA binding and chaperone activity. Mutation of conserved charged residues in the deltaretrovirus bovine leukemia virus (BLV) matrix (MA) and NC domains affects virus replication and gRNA packaging efficiency. Based on these observations, we hypothesized that the MA domain may generally contribute to NA binding and genome encapsidation in deltaretroviruses. Here, we examined the interaction between HTLV-2 and HIV-1 MA proteins and various NAs in vitro. HTLV-2 MA displays higher NA binding affinity and better chaperone activity than HIV-1 MA. HTLV-2 MA also binds NAs with higher affinity than HTLV-2 NC and displays more robust chaperone function. Mutation of two basic residues in HTLV-2 MA α-helix II, previously implicated in BLV gRNA packaging, reduces NA binding affinity. HTLV-2 MA binds with high affinity and specificity to RNA derived from the putative packaging signal of HTLV-2 relative to nonspecific NA. Furthermore, an HIV-1 MA triple mutant designed to mimic the basic character of HTLV-2 MA α-helix II dramatically improves binding affinity and chaperone activity of HIV-1 MA in vitro and restores RNA packaging to a ΔNC HIV-1 variant in cell-based assays. Taken together, these results are consistent with a role for deltaretrovirus MA proteins in viral RNA packaging.
Journal of virology.J Virol.2014 Jan;88(2):1271-80. doi: 10.1128/JVI.02151-13. Epub 2013 Nov 13.
Retroviral RNA encapsidation involves a recognition event between genomic RNA (gRNA) and one or more domains in Gag. In HIV-1, the nucleocapsid (NC) domain is involved in gRNA packaging and displays robust nucleic acid (NA) binding and chaperone functions. In comparison, NC of human T-cell leukemia
PMID 24227839

Impact of graft-versus-host disease on allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for adult T cell leukemia-lymphoma focusing on preconditioning regimens: nationwide retrospective study.

Ishida T, Hishizawa M, Kato K, Tanosaki R, Fukuda T, Takatsuka Y, Eto T, Miyazaki Y, Hidaka M, Uike N, Miyamoto T, Tsudo M, Sakamaki H, Morishima Y, Suzuki R, Utsunomiya A.Author information Department of Medical Oncology and Immunology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan. Electronic address: itakashi@med.nagoya-cu.ac.jp.AbstractAllogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), but not autologous HCT, can provide long-term remission in some patients with adult T cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL). We retrospectively analyzed the effects of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) among the 616 patients with ATL who survived at least 30 days after allogeneic HCT with other than cord blood grafts. Multivariate analyses treating the occurrence of GVHD as a time-varying covariate demonstrated an association between grade I-II acute GVHD and favorable overall survival (OS) (hazard ratio [HR], 0.634; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.477 to 0.843), whereas grade III-IV acute GVHD showed a trend toward unfavorable OS (HR, 1.380; 95% CI, 0.988 to 1.927) compared with nonacute GVHD. In subsequent multivariate analyses of patients who survived at least 100 days after HCT (n = 431), the presence of limited chronic GVHD showed a trend toward favorable OS (HR, 0.597; 95% CI, 0.354 to 1.007), and extensive chronic GVHD had a significant effect on OS (HR, 0.585; 95% CI, 0.389 to 0.880). There were no significant interactions between myeloablative conditioning or reduced-intensity conditioning with OS even when acute GVHD was absent or present at grade I-II or grade III-IV or when chronic GVHD was absent, limited, or extensive. This study demonstrates the actual existence of graft-versus-ATL effects in patients with ATL regardless of whether myeloablative conditioning or reduced-intensity conditioning is used.
Biology of blood and marrow transplantation : journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation.Biol Blood Marrow Transplant.2013 Dec;19(12):1731-9. doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2013.09.014. Epub 2013 Sep 30.
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), but not autologous HCT, can provide long-term remission in some patients with adult T cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL). We retrospectively analyzed the effects of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) among the 616 patients with ATL who survived at l
PMID 24090597

Japanese Journal

ヒトT細胞白血病ウイルスII型特異的モノクローナル抗体によるウイルス抗原精製

宮川英二,山本修一
化学工学論文集 27(2), 205-207, 2001-03-20
… ヒトT細胞白血病ウイルスII型（HTLV-II）特異的なモノクローナル抗体mAbgp21古34を取得した．mAbgp21-34はHTLV-IIのエンベロ-プの膜貫通領域であるp2oEIIを認識する抗体であった．mAbgp21-34固定化Sepharoseを用いてHTLV-及びHTLV-Iウイルスの可溶化液より，p2oEI及びp2oEIIの特異的精製を試みた．mAbgp21-34固定化Sepharose …
NAID 10007819336

Bcl-X_L is up-regulated by HTLV-I and HTLV-II in vitro and in ex vivo ATLL samples

NICOT C.
Blood 96, 275-281, 2000
NAID 10009277260

HTLV-IとHTLV-IIに対する抗体を同時に検出するセロディア・HTLV-I/HTLV-II PAキットの評価

屋敷伸治,楼宏,李洪川,桑山昌洋,藤吉利信,園田俊郎,藤野隆一,狩野繁之
臨床とウイルス 26(4), 260-269, 1998-10-30
NAID 10008546087

バキュロウイルス発現系を用いたHTLV-II粒子形成機構の解析

高橋礼典
北海道醫學雜誌 = Acta medica Hokkaidonensia 73(5), 451-461, 1998-09-01
NAID 10029907326

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「ヒトTリンパ球向性ウイルス2型」「HTLV-2」「ヒトTリンパ好性ウイルス2型」「human T-lymphotropic virus type 2」「ヒトT細胞白血病ウイルス2型」
拡張検索	「HTLV-II感染」「HTLV-II感染症」「HTLV-II infection」
関連記事	「II」「I」「HT」「HTLV」

「ヒトTリンパ球向性ウイルス2型」

　　[★]

英: human T-cell leukemia virus type 2、human T-cell leukemia virus type II、human T-lymphotropic virus type 2、human T-lymphotropic virus type II、human T-lymphotropic virus 2、human T-cell leukemia virus II、human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 2、HTLV-2、HTLV-II
関: ヒトT細胞白血病ウイルスII型、ヒトT細胞白血病ウイルス2型、ヒトTリンパ球向性ウイルス2、ヒトTリンパ好性ウイルス2型、ヒトTリンパ好性ウイルスII型、ヒトTリンパ球好性ウイルス2型、ヒトTリンパ球向性ウイルスII型

「HTLV-2」

　　[★]

ヒトTリンパ球向性ウイルス2型、ヒトTリンパ好性ウイルス2型、ヒトT細胞白血病ウイルス2型

関: HTLV-II、human T-cell leukemia virus II、human T-cell leukemia virus type 2、human T-cell leukemia virus type II、human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 2、human T-lymphotropic virus 2、human T-lymphotropic virus type 2、human T-lymphotropic virus type II

同: human T-cell lymphotropic viruses type II

「ヒトTリンパ好性ウイルス2型」

　　[★]

英: human T-lymphotropic virus type 2、human T-lymphotropic virus type II、human T-lymphotropic virus 2、HTLV-2、HTLV-II
関: ヒトT細胞白血病ウイルスII型、ヒトT細胞白血病ウイルス2型、ヒトTリンパ球向性ウイルス2、ヒトTリンパ好性ウイルスII型、ヒトTリンパ球好性ウイルス2型、ヒトTリンパ球向性ウイルス2型、ヒトTリンパ球向性ウイルスII型

「human T-lymphotropic virus type 2」

　　[★]

ヒトTリンパ球向性ウイルス2型、ヒトTリンパ好性ウイルス2型

関: HTLV-2、HTLV-II、human T-cell leukemia virus II、human T-cell leukemia virus type 2、human T-cell leukemia virus type II、human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 2、human T-lymphotropic virus 2、human T-lymphotropic virus type II