関: GLUT

肝臓と膵臓β細胞に存在 (FB.452)
K_M=60mMと高い→生理的な血糖値より遥かに高い→GLUT2がグルコースで飽和することはない→グルコースの肝細胞からの移動速度 ∝ グルコース濃度

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/11/12 11:40:44」(JST)

wiki en

Glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) also known as solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 2 (SLC2A2) is a transmembrane carrier protein that enables protein facilitated glucose movement across cell membranes. It is the principal transporter for transfer of glucose between liver and blood, and for renal glucose reabsorption. In humans, this protein is encoded by the SLC2A2 gene.^[1]^[2] Unlike GLUT4, it does not rely on insulin for facilitated diffusion.

Tissue distribution[edit]

GLUT2 is found in cellular membranes of:

liver (Primary)
pancreatic β cell (Primary)
hypothalamus (Not overly significant)
basolateral and brush border membrane of small intestine
basolateral membrane of renal tubular cells^[3]

Function[edit]

GLUT2 has high capacity for glucose but low affinity (high K_m, ca. 15-20 mM) and thus functions as part of the "glucose sensor" in pancreatic β-cells. It is a very efficient carrier for glucose.^[4]^[5]

GLUT2 also carries glucosamine.^[6]

When the glucose concentration in the lumen of the small intestine goes above 30mM, such as occurs in the fed-state, GLUT2 is up-regulated at the brush border membrane, enhancing the capacity of glucose transport.

Clinical significance[edit]

Defects in the SLC2A2 gene are associated with a particular type of glycogen storage disease called Fanconi-Bickel syndrome.^[7]

In drug-treated diabetic pregnancies in which glucose levels in the woman are uncontrolled, neural tube and cardiac defects in the early-developing brain, spine, and heart depend upon functional GLUT2 carriers, and defects in the Glut2 gene have been shown to be protective against such defects in rats.^[8] However, whilst a lack of GLUT2 adaptability^[9] is negative, it is important to remember the fact that the main result of untreated gestational diabetes appears to cause babies to be of above-average size, which may well be an advantage that is managed very well with a healthy GLUT2 status.

Maintaining a regulated osmotic balance of sugar concentration between the blood circulation and the interstitial spaces is critical in some cases of edema including cerebral edema.

GLUT2 appears to be particularly important to osmoregulation, and preventing edema-induced stroke, transient ischemic attack or coma, especially when blood glucose concentration is above average.^[10] GLUT2 could reasonably be referred to as the "diabetic glucose transporter" or a "stress hyperglycemia glucose transporter."

Interactive pathway map[edit]

Click on genes, proteins and metabolites below to link to respective articles. ^{[§ 1]}

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Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis edit

^ The interactive pathway map can be edited at WikiPathways: "GlycolysisGluconeogenesis_WP534".

References[edit]

^ Froguel P, Zouali H, Sun F, Velho G, Fukumoto H, Passa P, Cohen D (July 1991). "CA repeat polymorphism in the glucose transporter GLUT 2 gene". Nucleic Acids Res. 19 (13): 3754. doi:10.1093/nar/19.13.3754-a. PMC 328421. PMID 1852621.
^ Uldry M, Thorens B (2004). "The SLC2 family of facilitated hexose and polyol transporters". Pflugers Arch 447 (5): 480–489. doi:10.1007/s00424-003-1085-0. PMID 12750891.
^ Freitas HS, Schaan BD, Seraphim PM, Nunes MT, Machado UF (June 2005). "Acute and short-term insulin-induced molecular adaptations of GLUT2 gene expression in the renal cortex of diabetic rats". Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 237 (1-2): 49–57. doi:10.1016/j.mce.2005.03.005. PMID 15869838.
^ Guillam MT, Hümmler E, Schaerer E, Yeh JI, Birnbaum MJ, Beermann F, Schmidt A, Dériaz N, Thorens B, Wu JY (November 1997). "Early diabetes and abnormal postnatal pancreatic islet development in mice lacking Glut-2". Nat. Genet. 17 (3): 327–30. doi:10.1038/ng1197-327. PMID 9354799.
^ Efrat S (November 1997). "Making sense of glucose sensing". Nat. Genet. 17 (3): 249–50. doi:10.1038/ng1197-249. PMID 9354775.
^ Uldry M, Ibberson M, Hosokawa M, Thorens B (July 2002). "GLUT2 is a high affinity glucosamine transporter". FEBS Lett. 524 (1-3): 199–203. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(02)03058-2. PMID 12135767.
^ Santer R, Groth S, Kinner M, Dombrowski A, Berry GT, Brodehl J, Leonard JV, Moses S, Norgren S, Skovby F, Schneppenheim R, Steinmann B, Schaub J (January 2002). "The mutation spectrum of the facilitative glucose transporter gene SLC2A2 (GLUT2) in patients with Fanconi-Bickel syndrome". Hum. Genet. 110 (1): 21–9. doi:10.1007/s00439-001-0638-6. PMID 11810292.
^ Li R, Thorens B, Loeken MR (March 2007). "Expression of the gene encoding the high-Km glucose transporter 2 by the early postimplantation mouse embryo is essential for neural tube defects associated with diabetic embryopathy". Diabetologia 50 (3): 682–9. doi:10.1007/s00125-006-0579-7. PMID 17235524.
^ Thomson AB, Wild G (March 1997). "Adaptation of intestinal nutrient transport in health and disease. Part I". Dig. Dis. Sci. 42 (3): 453–69. doi:10.1023/A:1018807120691. PMID 9073126.
^ Stolarczyk E, Le Gall M, Even P, Houllier A, Serradas P, Brot-Laroche E, Leturque A (2007). "Loss of sugar detection by GLUT2 affects glucose homeostasis in mice". In Maedler, Kathrin. PLoS ONE 2 (12): e1288. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0001288. PMC 2100167. PMID 18074013.

External links[edit]

Glucose Transporter Type 2 at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. グリコーゲン代謝のその他の障害：GLUT2欠損症およびアルドラーゼA欠損症 other disorders of glycogen metabolism glut2 deficiency and aldolase a deficiency
2. グルコースおよびグリコーゲン代謝の遺伝性疾患の概要 overview of inherited disorders of glucose and glycogen metabolism
3. インスリン分泌および膵β細胞の機能 insulin secretion and pancreatic beta cell function
4. 消化管の発達に関する概要 overview of the development of the gastrointestinal tract
5. 2型糖尿病の病因 pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus

English Journal

Glucose uptake mediated by glucose transporter 1 is essential for early tooth morphogenesis and size determination of murine molars.

Ida-Yonemochi H, Nakatomi M, Harada H, Takata H, Baba O, Ohshima H.SourceDivision of Anatomy and Cell Biology of the Hard Tissue, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan.
Developmental biology.Dev Biol.2012 Mar 1;363(1):52-61. Epub 2011 Dec 20.
Glucose is an essential source of energy for body metabolism and is transported into cells by glucose transporters (GLUTs). Well-characterized class I GLUT is subdivided into GLUTs1-4, which are selectively expressed depending on tissue glucose requirements. However, there is no available data on th
PMID 22226978

Islet-enriched gene expression and glucose-induced insulin secretion in human and mouse islets.

Dai C, Brissova M, Hang Y, Thompson C, Poffenberger G, Shostak A, Chen Z, Stein R, Powers AC.SourceDivision of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, 7435 MRBIV, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
Diabetologia.Diabetologia.2012 Mar;55(3):707-18. Epub 2011 Dec 14.
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Our understanding of the transcription factors that control the development and function of rodent islet beta cells is advancing rapidly, yet less is known of the role they play in similar processes in human islets.METHODS: To characterise the abundance and regulation of key protein
PMID 22167125

Effect of ghrelin on glucose regulation in mice.

Chacko SK, Haymond MW, Sun Y, Marini JC, Sauer PJ, Ma X, Sunehag AL.Source1Baylor College of Medicine.
American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism.Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab.2012 Feb 14. [Epub ahead of print]
Improvement of glucose metabolism after bariatric surgery appears to be from the composite effect of the alterations in multiple circulating gut hormone concentrations. However, their individual effect on glucose metabolism during different conditions is not clear. The objective of this study was to
PMID 22338071

Japanese Journal

Antidiabetic Effect and Mechanism of Chitooligosaccharides

Ju Chuanxia,Yue Wang,Yang Zhihong [他],Zhang Quanfang,Yang Xue,Liu Zhantao,Zhang Fang
Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 33(9), 1511-1516, 2010
The aim of this study was to observe the antidiabetic effect and mechanism of chitooligosaccharides (COS). Type 2 diabetic rats were fed a high-energy diet together with an injection of streptozotocin …
NAID 130000322348

An Active Part of Artemisia sacrorum Ledeb. Attenuates Hepatic Lipid Accumulation through Activating AMP-Activated Protein Kinase in Human HepG2 Cells

Yuan Hai-Dan,Yuan Hai-Ying,Chung Sung-Hyun [他],JIN Guang-Zhu,PIAO Guang-Chun
Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 74(2), 322-328, 2010
… However, there were no differences in the gene expression of SREBP2, low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), hydroxymethyl glutaryl CoA reductase (HMG-CoA), or glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2). …
NAID 130000248287

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「グルコース」「グルコース輸送体」「ファンコニ・ビッケル症候群」「glucose transporter 2」「2型グルコース輸送体」
拡張検索	「VGLUT2」
関連記事	「GLUT」

「グルコース」

solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 2
Identifiers
Symbol	SLC2A2
Alt. symbols	GLUT2
Entrez	6514
HUGO	11006
OMIM	138160
RefSeq	NM_000340
UniProt	P11168
Other data
Locus	Chr. 3 q26.2-q27

　　[★]

英: glucose, grape sugar, dextrose
商: ブドウ糖注、グルノン
関: GLUT、血中グルコース濃度、血糖値、GLUT; グルコース1-リン酸、グルコース6-リン酸

分子量

分子量：180 g/mol

血糖 100 mg/dl -> 1000 mg/l ; 1000 mg/l / 180 g/mol ≒5.6 mmol/l = 5.6 mM

尿細管におけるグルコースの再吸収 SP.801

近位尿細管における刷子縁で行われる。
管腔側に糖/Na+共輸送体 SGLT(SGLT1とSGLT2)が存在し、Naとグルコースを共輸送する
SGLT2がグルコースの取り込みに貢献している(低親和性、高用量の輸送担体)

	SGLT1	SGLT2
局在	近位尿細管	近位尿細管
	中間部(S2)	起始部(S1)
	終末部(S3)	起始部(S1)
グルコースの親和性	高親和性	低親和性

側底膜にはGLUT2が存在し、血液循環にグルコースを輸送する。

輸液で用いられるグルコース

末梢静脈：5%グルコース。5g/100g -> 50g/1L -> 50/180 Eq/L -> 277.78 mEq/L

臨床関連

糖尿病

「グルコース輸送体」

　　[★]

英: glucose transporter, GLUT, glucose transporters
同: ブドウ糖輸送担体、糖輸送体糖輸送担体 sugar transporter

グルコースの促通拡散を担う

GLUTの種類

GLUT	発現部位	機能
GLUT1	赤血球、脳、筋肉、脂肪、その他。×肝臓
GLUT2	肝臓、脾臓β細胞	K_M≒60mM、hexokinase IV(glucokinase)(50kDa)
GLUT3	脳、神経	グルコース需要が多い場所で発現
GLUT4	筋と脂肪組織のみ	インスリン→V_max↑。K_M=2-5mM、hexokinase II(100kDa)
GLUT5	小腸上皮管腔側	フルクトースの受動輸送
GLUT7	肝臓小胞体	G6Pの脱リン酸化に関与(FB. 453)

-GLUT

-GLUT

「ファンコニ・ビッケル症候群」

　　[★]

英: Fanconi-Bickel syndrome
同: Fanconi-Bickel症候群
関: GLUT2

[show details]

Fanconi-Bickel症候群 : 32 件
Fanconi-Bickle症候群 : 
ファンコニー・ビッケル症候群 : 5 件

参考

1. OMIM

http://omim.org/entry/227810

「glucose transporter 2」

　　[★]

2型グルコース輸送体、グルコース輸送体2、グルコーストランスポーター2

関: glucose transporter type 2、GLUT2

「2型グルコース輸送体」

　　[★]

英: glucose transporter 2、glucose transporter type 2、GLUT2
関: グルコーストランス・ーター2、グルコース輸送体2

「VGLUT2」

　　[★]

小胞グルタミン酸輸送体2

関: vesicular glutamate transport protein 2、vesicular glutamate transporter 2

「GLUT」

　　[★] グルコース輸送体 glucose transporter glucose transporters

[WikiPathways-11] The interactive pathway map can be edited at WikiPathways: "GlycolysisGluconeogenesis_WP534".

[pmid1852621-1] Froguel P, Zouali H, Sun F, Velho G, Fukumoto H, Passa P, Cohen D (July 1991). "CA repeat polymorphism in the glucose transporter GLUT 2 gene". Nucleic Acids Res. 19 (13): 3754. doi:10.1093/nar/19.13.3754-a. PMC 328421. PMID 1852621.

[Uldry_2004-2] Uldry M, Thorens B (2004). "The SLC2 family of facilitated hexose and polyol transporters". Pflugers Arch 447 (5): 480–489. doi:10.1007/s00424-003-1085-0. PMID 12750891.

[pmid15869838-3] Freitas HS, Schaan BD, Seraphim PM, Nunes MT, Machado UF (June 2005). "Acute and short-term insulin-induced molecular adaptations of GLUT2 gene expression in the renal cortex of diabetic rats". Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 237 (1-2): 49–57. doi:10.1016/j.mce.2005.03.005. PMID 15869838.

[pmid9354799-4] Guillam MT, Hümmler E, Schaerer E, Yeh JI, Birnbaum MJ, Beermann F, Schmidt A, Dériaz N, Thorens B, Wu JY (November 1997). "Early diabetes and abnormal postnatal pancreatic islet development in mice lacking Glut-2". Nat. Genet. 17 (3): 327–30. doi:10.1038/ng1197-327. PMID 9354799.

[pmid9354775-5] Efrat S (November 1997). "Making sense of glucose sensing". Nat. Genet. 17 (3): 249–50. doi:10.1038/ng1197-249. PMID 9354775.

[pmid12135767-6] Uldry M, Ibberson M, Hosokawa M, Thorens B (July 2002). "GLUT2 is a high affinity glucosamine transporter". FEBS Lett. 524 (1-3): 199–203. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(02)03058-2. PMID 12135767.

[pmid11810292-7] Santer R, Groth S, Kinner M, Dombrowski A, Berry GT, Brodehl J, Leonard JV, Moses S, Norgren S, Skovby F, Schneppenheim R, Steinmann B, Schaub J (January 2002). "The mutation spectrum of the facilitative glucose transporter gene SLC2A2 (GLUT2) in patients with Fanconi-Bickel syndrome". Hum. Genet. 110 (1): 21–9. doi:10.1007/s00439-001-0638-6. PMID 11810292.

[pmid17235524-8] Li R, Thorens B, Loeken MR (March 2007). "Expression of the gene encoding the high-Km glucose transporter 2 by the early postimplantation mouse embryo is essential for neural tube defects associated with diabetic embryopathy". Diabetologia 50 (3): 682–9. doi:10.1007/s00125-006-0579-7. PMID 17235524.

[pmid9073126-9] Thomson AB, Wild G (March 1997). "Adaptation of intestinal nutrient transport in health and disease. Part I". Dig. Dis. Sci. 42 (3): 453–69. doi:10.1023/A:1018807120691. PMID 9073126.

[pmid18074013-10] Stolarczyk E, Le Gall M, Even P, Houllier A, Serradas P, Brot-Laroche E, Leturque A (2007). "Loss of sugar detection by GLUT2 affects glucose homeostasis in mice". In Maedler, Kathrin. PLoS ONE 2 (12): e1288. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0001288. PMC 2100167. PMID 18074013.

匿名

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案内

案内

GLUT2