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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/04/22 21:53:16」(JST)

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Glucose transporter 3 (or GLUT3), also known as solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 3 (SLC2A3) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC2A3 gene.^[1] GLUT3 facilitates the transport of glucose across the plasma membranes of mammalian cells. GLUT3 is most known for its specific expression in neurons and has originally been designated as the neuronal GLUT. GLUT3 has been studied in other cell types with specific glucose requirements, including sperm, preimplantation embryos, circulating white blood cells and carcinoma cell lines.^[2]

Discovery

GLUT3 was the third glucose transporter to be discovered, first cloned in 1988 from a fetal skeletal muscle cell line, using a GLUT1 cDNA probe and shown to share 64.4% identity with GLUT1.^[1]

Function

Although GLUT3 was found to be expressed in various tissues, it is most specifically expressed in neurons, found predominantly in axons and dendrites and also, but less prominently, in the cell body.^[3] GLUT3 has both a higher affinity for glucose and at least a fivefold greater transport capacity than GLUT1, GLUT2 and GLUT4, which is particularly significant for its role in neuronal glucose transport, where ambient glucose levels surrounding the neurons are fivefold lower than in serum.^[2]

Brain

Glucose delivery and utilization in the mammalian brain is mediated primarily by a high molecular weight form of GLUT1 in the blood–brain barrier, GLUT3 in neuronal populations and a less glycosylated form of GLUT1 in the remainder of the parenchyma. GLUT3 is considered the main but not the exclusive neuronal glucose transporter, whereas other glucose transporters have also been observed in neurons.^[3]

GLUT3 expression in neurons in the rat coincides with maturation and synaptic conectivity^[4] and a positive correlation between protein levels of GLUT1, GLUT3 and regional cerebral glucose utilization was observed in mouse.^[5]

The central role of GLUT3 in cerebral metabolism has been challenged by the astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle (ANLS) hypothesis,^[6] which proposes that astrocytes play the key role in the coupling of neuronal activity and cerebral glucose utilization. In this hypothesis, the astrocyte, which relies on GLUT1 for glucose transport, is the primary consumer of glucose in the brain, providing lactate as the primary energetic fuel for neurons. However, by modeling the kinetic characteristics and glucose concentrations in neurons and glia, it was concluded that the glucose capacity of neurons via GLUT3 far exceeds that of astrocytes via GLUT1.^[7] Additionally, demonstrations of increase in GLUT3 expression associated with increased cerebral glucose utilization provides further confirmation of the central role of GLUT3.^[5]

Other tissues

Expression of GLUT3 is also found in sperm, embryos, white blood cells and carcinoma cell lines.

Interactive pathway map

Click on genes, proteins and metabolites below to link to respective articles. ^{[§ 1]}

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|{{{bSize}}}px|alt=Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis edit|]]

File:WP534.png

Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis edit

^ The interactive pathway map can be edited at WikiPathways: "GlycolysisGluconeogenesis_WP534".

References

^ ^a ^b Kayano T, Fukumoto H, Eddy R L, Fan Y S, Byers M G, Shows T B and Bell G I (October 1988). "Evidence for a family of human glucose transporter-like proteins. Sequence and gene localization of a protein expressed in fetal skeletal muscle and other tissues.". J Biol Chem 263 (30): 15245–8. PMID 3170580.
^ ^a ^b Simpson IA, Dwyer D, Malide D, Moley KH, Travis A, Vannucci SJ (August 2008). "The facilitative glucose transporter GLUT3: 20 years of distinction". Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 295 (2): E242–53. doi:10.1152/ajpendo.90388.2008. PMC 2519757. PMID 18577699.
^ ^a ^b Vannucci SJ, Maher F, Simpson IA (September 1997). "Glucose transporter proteins in brain: delivery of glucose to neurons and glia". Glia 21 (1): 2–21. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-1136(199709)21:1<2::AID-GLIA2>3.0.CO;2-C. PMID 9298843.
^ Vannucci SJ, Clark RR, Koehler-Stec E et al. (1998). "Glucose transporter expression in brain: relationship to cerebral glucose utilization". Dev. Neurosci. 20 (4-5): 369–79. doi:10.1159/000017333. PMID 9778574.
^ ^a ^b Khan JY, Rajakumar RA, McKnight RA, Devaskar UP, Devaskar SU (March 1999). "Developmental regulation of genes mediating murine brain glucose uptake". Am. J. Physiol. 276 (3 Pt 2): R892–900. PMID 10070152.
^ Pellerin L, Magistretti PJ (November 2003). "Food for thought: challenging the dogmas". J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 23 (11): 1282–6. doi:10.1097/01.WCB.0000096064.12129.3D. PMID 14600434.
^ Simpson IA, Carruthers A, Vannucci SJ (November 2007). "Supply and demand in cerebral energy metabolism: the role of nutrient transporters". J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 27 (11): 1766–91. doi:10.1038/sj.jcbfm.9600521. PMC 2094104. PMID 17579656.

External links

Glucose Transporter Type 3 at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

English Journal

Post-hatching development of bovine embryos in vitro: the effects of tunnel preparation and gender.

Machado GM, Caixeta ES, Lucci CM, Rumpf R, Franco MM, Dode MA.SourceLaboratory of Animal Reproduction, Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Parque Estação Biológica - PqEB - Av. W5 Norte (final), Caixa Postal 02372, Brasília, DF - Brazil - 70.770-917.
Zygote (Cambridge, England).Zygote.2012 May;20(2):123-34. Epub 2011 Mar 23.
SummaryThe objective of this study was to compare morphological characteristics, kinetics of development, and gene expression of male and female IVP embryos that were cultured until day (D)15 (fertilization = D0), using either phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or Milli-Q water (MQW) to dilute the agar
PMID 21426624

A2 noradrenergic nerve cell metabolic transducer and nutrient transporter adaptation to hypoglycemia: Impact of estrogen.

Koshy Cherian A, Briski KP.SourceDepartment of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana.
Journal of neuroscience research.J Neurosci Res.2012 Mar 19. doi: 10.1002/jnr.23032. [Epub ahead of print]
CNS neurons exhibit sustained activation by recurring hypoglycemia in the presence of estrogen. We investigated the impact of estradiol on fuel uptake and detection of energy imbalance by hindbrain A2 metabolosensory neurons during acute vs. chronic hypoglycemia. A2 neurons were laser dissected from
PMID 22431334

Japanese Journal

Inducible astrocytic glucose transporter-3 contributes to the enhanced storage of intracellular glycogen during reperfusion after ischemia

Iwabuchi Sadahiro,Kawahara Koichi
Neurochemistry International 59(2), 319-325, 2011-08
… Under physiological conditions, cultured astrocytes primarily expressed GLUT1, and GLUT3 was only detected at extremely low levels. … However, exposure to ischemic stress increased the expression of not only GLUT1 but also GLUT3. … During ischemia, cultured astrocytes significantly increased production of the transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), leading to an increase in GLUT3 expression. …
NAID 120003340662

Prepartum Maternal Plasma Glucose Concentrations and Placental Glucose Transporter mRNA Expression in Cows Carrying Somatic Cell Clone Fetuses

HIRAYAMA Hiroki,SAWAI Ken,HIRAYAMA Muneyuki,HIRAI Tomokazu,KAGEYAMA Soichi,ONOE Sadao,MINAMIHASHI Akira,MORIYASU Satoru
The Journal of reproduction and development 57(1), 57-61, 2011-02-01
… In the caruncles, the Clone and PG groups showed significantly higher GLUT1 and GLUT3 mRNA levels than the SP group, and the GLUT3 mRNA level was significantly higher in the Clone group than in the DEX group. …
NAID 10027901088

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「グルコース輸送体」「glucose transporter 3」「3型グルコース輸送体」「グルコーストランスポーター3」
関連記事	「GLUT」

「グルコース輸送体」

solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 3
Identifiers
Symbol	SLC2A3
Alt. symbols	GLUT3
Entrez	6515
HUGO	11007
OMIM	138170
RefSeq	NM_006931
UniProt	P11169
Other data
Locus	Chr. 12 p13.3

　　[★]

英: glucose transporter, GLUT, glucose transporters
同: ブドウ糖輸送担体、糖輸送体糖輸送担体 sugar transporter

グルコースの促通拡散を担う

GLUTの種類

GLUT	発現部位	機能
GLUT1	赤血球、脳、筋肉、脂肪、その他。×肝臓
GLUT2	肝臓、脾臓β細胞	K_M≒60mM、hexokinase IV(glucokinase)(50kDa)
GLUT3	脳、神経	グルコース需要が多い場所で発現
GLUT4	筋と脂肪組織のみ	インスリン→V_max↑。K_M=2-5mM、hexokinase II(100kDa)
GLUT5	小腸上皮管腔側	フルクトースの受動輸送
GLUT7	肝臓小胞体	G6Pの脱リン酸化に関与(FB. 453)