xiphoid process

剣状突起

WordNet

1. perform mathematical and logical operations on (data) according to programmed instructions in order to obtain the required information; "The results of the elections were still being processed when he gave his acceptance speech"
2. a sustained phenomenon or one marked by gradual changes through a series of states; "events now in process"; "the process of calcification begins later for boys than for girls" (同)physical process
3. (psychology) the performance of some composite cognitive activity; an operation that affects mental contents; "the process of thinking"; "the cognitive operation of remembering" (同)cognitive_process, mental_process, operation, cognitive operation
4. a natural prolongation or projection from a part of an organism either animal or plant; "a bony process" (同)outgrowth, appendage
5. a mental process that you are not directly aware of; "the process of denial" (同)unconscious process
6. subject to a process or treatment, with the aim of readying for some purpose, improving, or remedying a condition; "process cheese"; "process hair"; "treat the water so it can be drunk"; "treat the lawn with chemicals" ; "treat an oil spill" (同)treat
7. deal with in a routine way; "Ill handle that one"; "process a loan"; "process the applicants"
8. preparing or putting through a prescribed procedure; "the processing of newly arrived immigrants"; "the processing of ore to obtain minerals"
9. subjected to a special process or treatment; "prepared ergot"; "processed cheeses are easy to spread"
10. prepared or converted from a natural state by subjecting to a special process; "processed ores"

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. (自然の)『作用』,過程 / (物事の)『手順』,方法 / (技術上の)製法,工程 / 召喚状,出頭令状;訴訟過程 / (動植物の組織の)隆起,突起 / 加工(処理,調整)した / 〈食品〉‘を'加工する / 〈写真フイルム〉‘を'現像する / 〈資料〉‘を'コンピューターにかける / …‘を'一定の手順で処理する,(整理する,調査する)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/10/19 07:51:07」(JST)

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Xiphoid process
Position of the xiphoid process (shown in red).
Posterior surface of sternum. (Xiphoid process labeled at bottom.)
Latin	processus xiphoideus
Gray's	subject #27 121
MeSH	Xiphoid+Bone
TA	A02.3.03.007
FMA	FMA:7488

The xiphoid process /ˈzɪfɔɪd/, or xiphisternum or metasternum, is a small cartilaginous process (extension) of the lower part of the sternum which is usually ossified in the adult human. By age 15 to 29, the xiphoid usually fuses to the body of the sternum with a fibrous joint. Unlike the synovial articulation of major joints, this is non-movable. Much the way the first seven ribs articulate with the sternum, the cartilage in the celiac plexus joins on the xiphoid process, reinforcing it, and indirectly attaches the costal cartilage to the sternum. In newborn babies and young (especially slender) infants, the tip of the xiphoid process may be both seen and felt as a lump just below the sternal notch.

The xiphoid process is considered to be at the level of the 9th thoracic vertebra and the T6 dermatome.

Bifurcation

The xiphoid process can be naturally bifurcated, and sometimes perforated. These variances in morphology are inheritable, which can help group family members together when dealing with burial remains. These morphological differences pose no health risk, and are simply a difference in form.

Clinical significances

Pressure on the xiphoid process should be avoided when administering chest compressions in CPR, as this can cause the xiphoid process to break off, resulting in punctures or lacerations of the diaphragm. Additionally, the liver may be punctured, resulting in lethal hemorrhaging.

In 1712 was the first known case of a xiphoid disorder.

Xiphoidalgia (Xiphodynia) is a syndrome distinguishable by pain and tenderness to the sternum. While some sources describe this disorder as rare, others suggest it is relatively common but overlooked by physicians. Symptoms can include abdominal pain, chest pain, nausea and radiating pain to the back, neck, and shoulders. Lifting heavy objects or trauma to the chest may be the cause of this musculoskeletal disorder and pain may be heightened by bending or twisting. Anesthetic and steroid injections are commonly employed to treat this medical condition.

Pericardiocentesis, the procedure whereby fluid is aspirated from the pericardium, often uses the xiphoid process as an anatomical landmark by which this procedure is carried out.

Xiphoid process in birds

In birds, the xiphoid process is a long structure, often following the direction of the carina.

Etymology

The word derives from the Greek word xiphos for straight sword, the tip of which the process somewhat resembles.

Additional images

• Position of xiphoid process (shown in red). Animation.

• Close up.

• Shape of a xiphoid process. Animation.

• Location of the xiphoid process on the rib cage.

• The human rib cage.

• Anterior surface of sternum and costal cartilages.

• Lateral (side) border of sternum. (Xiphoid process labeled at bottom.)

• The diaphragm. Under surface.

References

External Links

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

• 1. 成人における筋骨格系の胸痛の主な原因 major causes of musculoskeletal chest pain in adults
• 2. 筋骨格系の胸痛の治療 treatment of musculoskeletal chest pain

English Journal

• A case of incisional hernia repair using Composix mesh prosthesis after antethoracic pedicled jejunal flap reconstruction following an esophagectomy.

• Yasuda A1, Yasuda T2, Kato H2, Iwama M2, Shiraishi O2, Hiraki Y2, Tanaka Y2, Shinkai M2, Imano M3, Kimura Y2, Imamoto H2.
• Surgical case reports.Surg Case Rep.2017 Dec;3(1):79. doi: 10.1186/s40792-017-0353-8. Epub 2017 Jun 29.
• PMID 28664523

• Frequency of sternal variations in living individuals.

• Turkay R1, Inci E2, Ors S2, Nalbant MO2, Gurses IA3.
• Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA.Surg Radiol Anat.2017 Nov;39(11):1273-1278. doi: 10.1007/s00276-017-1854-7. Epub 2017 Apr 10.
• PMID 28396982

• Organ Doses Associated with Partial-Body Irradiation with 2.5% Bone Marrow Sparing of the Non-Human Primate: A Retrospective Study.

• Prado C1, MacVittie TJ1, Bennett AW1, Kazi A2, Farese AM1, Prado K1.
• Radiation research.Radiat Res.2017 Oct 6. doi: 10.1667/RR14804.1. [Epub ahead of print]
• PMID 28985133

Japanese Journal

• 姿勢変化が上下胸郭体積変化に及ぼす影響

• 理学療法科学 30(4), 499-502, 2015
• NAID 130005096154

• Xiphodynia Mimicking Acute Coronary Syndrome

• Internal Medicine 54(12), 1563-1566, 2015
• NAID 130005075958

• 胸郭拡張差と胸郭体積変化の関連性

• 理学療法科学 29(6), 881-884, 2014
• NAID 130004874939

Related Links

• Xiphoid Process Pain: Causes, Symptoms, & Treatments ...

The xiphoid process area is located at the lower part of the sternum. Pain in this area is known as xiphoid process pain, xiphoid syndrome, xiphoidynia, or xiphoidalgia. Xiphoidalgia is characterized primarily by tenderness and dull ...

• Xiphoid Process Pain: Causes, Symptoms & When to See a ...

What is the Xiphoid Process? Your xiphoid process is a small cartilaginous extension at the lower end of your breastbone, or sternum. At birth, it is a thin, roughly triangular region of cartilage which gradually turns into bone in ...

• Xiphoid process: Pain, lump, and removal

A look at the xiphoid process, a tiny bone structure within the sternum. Included are details on the symptoms in this area and how to treat the problem. ... The xiphoid process is a small extension of bone just below the sternum.

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「剣状突起」
関連記事	「process」「processing」

「剣状突起」

　　[★]

英

xiphoid process

ラ

processus xiphoideus

関

腹部、胸骨

体表解剖

• 体表では、正中の胸骨体の下であって陥没した位置にある
• T9の高さ (KL.247)

Henry Gray (1825-1861). Anatomy of the Human Body. 1918.

「process」

　　[★]

• n.

• 工程、過程。方法
• 突起

関

course、fashion、manner、means、method、mode、procedure、processing、protrusion、way

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「processing」

　　[★]

• n.

• プロセシング、処理、加工、切り出し

関

application、handle、process、transaction、treat、treatment