WordNet

a relative amount; "mix one volume of the solution with ten volumes of water"
the amount of 3-dimensional space occupied by an object; "the gas expanded to twice its original volume"
the magnitude of sound (usually in a specified direction); "the kids played their music at full volume" (同)loudness, intensity
a publication that is one of a set of several similar publications; "the third volume was missing"; "he asked for the 1989 volume of the Annual Review"
determine the sum of; "Add all the people in this town to those of the neighboring town" (同)tot, tot up, sum, sum_up, summate, tote up, add, add together, tally, add up
damage beyond the point of repair; "My son totaled our new car"; "the rock star totals his guitar at every concert"
add up in number or quantity; "The bills amounted to $2,000"; "The bill came to $2,000" (同)number, add up, come, amount
furnished with volumes; "a large room volumed with ancient books"
(often used in combination) consisting of or having a given number or kind of volumes; "the poets volumed works"; "a two-volumed history"; "multi-volumed encyclopedias"; "large-volumed editions"
formed or rising in rounded masses; "gasping with the volumed smoke"
a small amount (especially of a drink); "a tot of rum"
either of two saclike respiratory organs in the chest of vertebrates; serves to remove carbon dioxide and provide oxygen to the blood

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈C〉(特に分厚い)『本』,書物 / 〈C〉(シリーズものの)『巻』,冊(《略》(単数形で)vol.,(複数形で)vols.) / 〈U〉(…の)『体積』,容積《+of+名》 / 〈U〉〈C〉)…の)『量』,かさ《+of+名》 / 〈U〉(…の)『音量』,音の強さ,ボリューム《+of+名》 / 《複数形で》多量(の…),たくさん(の…)《+of+名》
『総計の』,全体の / 『全くの』,完全な(absolute) / 『合計』,総額,総数,総量(sum) / …‘を'合計する / 合計…‘に'なる,総額が…‘に'のぼる(amount to)
幼児,小児 / (特に酒類の)少量,一杯,一口
…‘を'合計する《+up+名,+名+up》 / 合計(…に)なる《+up to+名》
《しばしば複数形で》『肺』,肺臓

UpToDate Contents

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1. 成人における肺機能検査の概要 overview of pulmonary function testing in adults
2. 間質性肺疾患を有する成人に対するアプローチ：診断的検査 approach to the adult with interstitial lung disease diagnostic testing
3. 小児における肺機能検査の概要 overview of pulmonary function testing in children
4. 喘息患者への肺機能検査 pulmonary function testing in asthma
5. 妊娠中の気道変化 respiratory tract changes during pregnancy

English Journal

Total monitor units influence on plan quality parameters in volumetric modulated arc therapy for breast case.

Mancosu P1, Reggiori G2, Alongi F2, Cozzi L3, Fogliata A3, Lobefalo F2, Navarria P2, Stravato A2, Tomatis S2, Scorsetti M2.Author information 1Radiotherapy and Radiosurgery Humanitas Cancer Center, Rozzano, Milano, Italy. Electronic address: pietro.mancosu@humanitas.it.2Radiotherapy and Radiosurgery Humanitas Cancer Center, Rozzano, Milano, Italy.3Medical Physics Unit, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland.AbstractPURPOSE: To investigate the correlation between total monitor units (MU), dosimetric findings, and pre-treatment quality assurance for volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) by RapidArc (RA).
Physica medica : PM : an international journal devoted to the applications of physics to medicine and biology : official journal of the Italian Association of Biomedical Physics (AIFB).Phys Med.2014 May;30(3):296-300. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2013.08.142. Epub 2013 Sep 26.
PURPOSE: To investigate the correlation between total monitor units (MU), dosimetric findings, and pre-treatment quality assurance for volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) by RapidArc (RA).METHODS AND MATERIALS: Ten patients with breast cancer were considered. Dose prescriptions were: 48 Gy and 4
PMID 24076257

Combined MV + kV inverse treatment planning for optimal kV dose incorporation in IGRT.

Grelewicz Z1, Wiersma RD.Author information 1The University of Chicago, Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, 5758 South Maryland Avenue, MC 9006, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.AbstractDespite the existence of real-time kV intra-fractional tumor tracking strategies for many years, clinical adoption has been held back by concern over the excess kV imaging dose cost to the patient when imaging in continuous fluoroscopic mode. This work aims to solve this problem by investigating, for the first time, the use of convex optimization tools to optimally integrate this excess kV imaging dose into the MV therapeutic dose in order to make real-time kV tracking clinically feasible. Phase space files modeling both a 6 MV treatment beam and a kV on-board-imaging beam of a commercial LINAC were generated with BEAMnrc, and used to generate dose influence matrices in DOSXYZnrc for ten previously treated lung cancer patients. The dose optimization problem for IMRT, formulated as a quadratic problem, was modified to include additional constraints as required for real-time kV intra-fractional tracking. An interior point optimizer was used to solve the modified optimization problem. It was found that when using large kV imaging apertures during fluoroscopic tracking, combined MV + kV optimization lead to a 0.5%-5.17% reduction in the total number of monitor units assigned to the MV beam due to inclusion of the kV dose over the ten patients. This was accompanied by a reduction of up to 42% of the excess kV dose compared to standard MV IMRT with kV tracking. For all kV field sizes considered, combined MV + kV optimization provided prescription dose to the treatment volume coverage equal to the no-imaging case, yet superior to standard MV IMRT with non-optimized kV fluoroscopic tracking. With combined MV + kV optimization, it is possible to quantify in a patient specific way the dosimetric effect of real-time imaging on the patient. Such information is necessary when substantial kV imaging is performed.
Physics in medicine and biology.Phys Med Biol.2014 Apr 7;59(7):1607-21. doi: 10.1088/0031-9155/59/7/1607. Epub 2014 Mar 10.
Despite the existence of real-time kV intra-fractional tumor tracking strategies for many years, clinical adoption has been held back by concern over the excess kV imaging dose cost to the patient when imaging in continuous fluoroscopic mode. This work aims to solve this problem by investigating, fo
PMID 24614611

CT Imaging Biomarker for Evaluation of Emodin as a Potential Drug on LPS-mediated Osteoporosis Mice.

Kang DM1, Yoon KH2, Kim JY3, Oh JM3, Lee M3, Jung ST3, Juhng SK1, Lee YH1.Author information 1Department of Radiology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, 344-2 Sinyong-dong, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, South Korea.2Department of Radiology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, 344-2 Sinyong-dong, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, South Korea; Imaging Science-based Lung and Bone Disease Research Center, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk, South Korea. Electronic address: khy1646@wonkwang.ac.kr.3Imaging Science-based Lung and Bone Disease Research Center, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk, South Korea.AbstractRATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To identify micro-computed tomography (CT) imaging biomarkers for evaluating the effects of emodin, a potential drug to treat osteoporosis, in the mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated osteoporosis.
Academic radiology.Acad Radiol.2014 Apr;21(4):457-62. doi: 10.1016/j.acra.2013.12.009.
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To identify micro-computed tomography (CT) imaging biomarkers for evaluating the effects of emodin, a potential drug to treat osteoporosis, in the mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated osteoporosis.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty male imprinting control region (ICR)
PMID 24594415