WordNet

a relative amount; "mix one volume of the solution with ten volumes of water"
the amount of 3-dimensional space occupied by an object; "the gas expanded to twice its original volume"
the magnitude of sound (usually in a specified direction); "the kids played their music at full volume" (同)loudness, intensity
a publication that is one of a set of several similar publications; "the third volume was missing"; "he asked for the 1989 volume of the Annual Review"
furnished with volumes; "a large room volumed with ancient books"
(often used in combination) consisting of or having a given number or kind of volumes; "the poets volumed works"; "a two-volumed history"; "multi-volumed encyclopedias"; "large-volumed editions"
formed or rising in rounded masses; "gasping with the volumed smoke"
of or relating to or caused by tides; "tidal wave"

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television
〈C〉(特に分厚い)『本』,書物 / 〈C〉(シリーズものの)『巻』,冊(《略》(単数形で)vol.,(複数形で)vols.) / 〈U〉(…の)『体積』,容積《+of+名》 / 〈U〉〈C〉)…の)『量』,かさ《+of+名》 / 〈U〉(…の)『音量』,音の強さ,ボリューム《+of+名》 / 《複数形で》多量(の…),たくさん(の…)《+of+名》
潮の;潮の作用を受ける;潮の干満のある

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/08/22 08:48:04」(JST)

wiki en

Tidal volume is the lung volume representing the normal volume of air displaced between normal inspiration and expiration when extra effort is not applied. In a healthy, young adult, tidal volume is approximately 500 ml per inspiration or 7 ml/kg of body weight.^[1]

Mechanical ventilation[edit source | edit]

Tidal volume plays a significant role during mechanical ventilation to ensure adequate ventilation without causing trauma to the lungs. Tidal volume is measured in milliliters and ventilation volumes are estimated based on a patient's ideal body weight. Measurement of tidal volume can be affected (usually overestimated) by leaks in the breathing circuit or the introduction of additional gas, for example during the introduction of nebulized drugs.

Ventilator-induced lung injury such as ALI/ARDS can be caused by ventilation with very large tidal volumes in normal lungs, as well as ventilation with moderate or small volumes in previously injured lungs, and research shows that the incidence of ALI increases with higher tidal volume settings in nonneurologically-impaired patients. ^[2] initial settings of mechanical ventilation:

For patient without preexisting lung disease[edit source | edit]

use the rule of 12-12, meaning 12 ml/kg is programmed to be delivered 12 times a minute in the assist control mode.

For patients with chronic obstructive lung disease[edit source | edit]

use the rule of 10-10, meaning 10 ml/kg is programmed to be delivered 10 times a minute in the assist control mode.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome[edit source | edit]

There is strong evidence that limiting tidal volume to 6-8 ml/kg may be beneficial in the management of ARDS. In ARDS Mechanical ventilation with low tidal volumes and high positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) is a mainstay of therapy. PEEP levels of up to 15 cm H2O are used.

External links[edit source | edit]

Ricard JD (May 2003). "Are we really reducing tidal volume--and should we?". The American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 167 (10): 1297–8. doi:10.1164/rccm.2303003. PMID 12738592. Retrieved 2012-05-19.

References[edit source | edit]

^ Beardsell, I et al: MCEM Part A:MCQs, page 33, Royal Society of Medicine Press, 2009
^ Gajic, Ognjen; Saqib Dara, Jose Mendez, Abedola Adensanya, Emir Festic, Sean Caples, Rimki Rana, Jennifer StSauver, James Lymp, Bekele Afessa (2004). "Ventilator-associated lung injury in patients without acute lung injury at the onset of mechanical ventilation". Critical Care Medicine- Baltimore 32 (9): 1817–1824. |accessdate= requires |url= (help)

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 機械的人工換気の概要 overview of mechanical ventilation
2. 成人の急性呼吸窮迫症候群における機械的人工換気 mechanical ventilation of adults in acute respiratory distress syndrome
3. 一側肺換気の一般的原則 general principles of one lung ventilation
4. 機械的人工換気のモード modes of mechanical ventilation
5. Techniques and devices for airway management for anesthesia: Supraglottic devices (including laryngeal mask airways)

English Journal

Compartmental chest wall volume changes during volitional normocapnic hyperpnoea.

Illi SK, Hostettler S, Mohler E, Aliverti A, Spengler CM.SourceExercise Physiology, Institute of Human Movement Sciences, ETH Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
Respiratory physiology & neurobiology.Respir Physiol Neurobiol.2011 Aug 15;177(3):294-300. Epub 2011 May 14.
During increased ventilation, inspiratory rib cage muscles have been suggested to take over part of diaphragmatic work after the diaphragm fatigues. We investigated the extent to which this proposed change in muscle recruitment is associated with changes in the relative contribution of chest wall co
PMID 21609787

Sex differences in exertional dyspnea in patients with mild COPD: Physiological mechanisms.

Guenette JA, Jensen D, Webb KA, Ofir D, Raghavan N, O'Donnell DE.SourceRespiratory Investigation Unit, Department of Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, ON, Canada.
Respiratory physiology & neurobiology.Respir Physiol Neurobiol.2011 Aug 15;177(3):218-27. Epub 2011 Apr 16.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physiological basis for sex-differences in exercise-induced dyspnea in patients with mild COPD. We compared operating lung volumes, breathing pattern and dyspnea during incremental cycling in 32 men (FEV(1)=86±10% predicted) and women (FEV(1)=86±12% pr
PMID 21524719

Japanese Journal

亜寒帯汽水湖の火散布沼(北海道)における栄養塩の時空間分布とその起源

菅夏海,柴沼成一郎,山田俊郎,檜垣直幸,門谷茂
海の研究 20(1), 19-36, 2011-01-05
北海道道東に位置する火散布沼(ひちりっぷぬま)はラムサール条約登録湿地の一部でありながらも, 沼内ではアサリをはじめとする様々な漁業生産活動が行われている非常に特異な汽水域である。本研究ではこの火散布沼にて, 潮位, 流速などの物理環境を調査するとともに, 水温, 塩分, 栄養塩, クロロフィルα濃度の時空間分布を詳しく示し, 火散布沼の水理構造と, その生物過程の基盤となる栄養塩の起源について考 …
NAID 110008441015

Acute Exacerbation of Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonia Following Lung Surgery in 3 of 68 Consecutive Patients: A Retrospective Study

Sakamoto Susumu,Homma Sakae,Mun Mingyon,Fujii Takeshi,Kurosaki Atsuko,Yoshimura Kunihiko
Internal Medicine 50(2), 77-85, 2011
… The triggers of AE were considered to be prolonged ventilation at a large tidal volume with oxygen supplementation at a high concentration. …
NAID 130000413203

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「一回換気量」「VT」「TV」
関連記事	「volume」「tidal」

「一回換気量」

TLC	Total lung capacity: the volume in the lungs at maximal inflation, the sum of VC and RV.
TV	Tidal volume: that volume of air moved into or out of the lungs during quiet breathing (VT indicates a subdivision of the lung; when tidal volume is precisely measured, as in gas exchange calculation, the symbol VT or VT is used.)
RV	Residual volume: the volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximal exhalation
ERV	Expiratory reserve volume: the maximal volume of air that can be exhaled from the end-expiratory position
IRV	Inspiratory reserve volume: the maximal volume that can be inhaled from the end-inspiratory level
IC	Inspiratory capacity: the sum of IRV and TV
IVC	Inspiratory vital capacity: the maximum volume of air inhaled from the point of maximum expiration
VC	Vital capacity: the volume of air breathed out after the deepest inhalation.
VT	Tidal volume: that volume of air moved into or out of the lungs during quiet breathing (VT indicates a subdivision of the lung; when tidal volume is precisely measured, as in gas exchange calculation, the symbol VT or VT is used.)
FRC	Functional residual capacity: the volume in the lungs at the end-expiratory position
RV/TLC%	Residual volume expressed as percent of TLC
VA	Alveolar gas volume
VL	Actual volume of the lung including the volume of the conducting airway.
FVC	Forced vital capacity: the determination of the vital capacity from a maximally forced expiratory effort
FEVt	Forced expiratory volume (time): a generic term indicating the volume of air exhaled under forced conditions in the first t seconds
FEV1	Volume that has been exhaled at the end of the first second of forced expiration
FEFx	Forced expiratory flow related to some portion of the FVC curve; modifiers refer to amount of FVC already exhaled
FEFmax	The maximum instantaneous flow achieved during a FVC maneuver
FIF	Forced inspiratory flow: (Specific measurement of the forced inspiratory curve is denoted by nomenclature analogous to that for the forced expiratory curve. For example, maximum inspiratory flow is denoted FIFmax. Unless otherwise specified, volume qualifiers indicate the volume inspired from RV at the point of measurement.)
PEF	Peak expiratory flow: The highest forced expiratory flow measured with a peak flow meter
MVV	Maximal voluntary ventilation: volume of air expired in a specified period during repetitive maximal effort
	v; t; e;