WordNet

a stripe or stripes of contrasting color; "chromosomes exhibit characteristic bands"; "the black and yellow banding of bees and wasps" (同)banding, stria, striation
an adornment consisting of a strip of a contrasting color or material (同)banding, stripe
bind or tie together, as with a band
a driving belt in machinery
a restraint put around something to hold it together
a thin flat strip of flexible material that is worn around the body or one of the limbs (especially to decorate the body)
a thin flat strip or loop of flexible material that goes around or over something else, typically to hold it together or as a decoration
a range of frequencies between two limits
instrumentalists not including string players
(psychology) a state of mental or emotional strain or suspense; "he suffered from fatigue and emotional tension"; "stress is a vasoconstrictor" (同)tenseness, stress
the physical condition of being stretched or strained; "it places great tension on the leg muscles"; "he could feel the tenseness of her body" (同)tensity, tenseness, tautness
(physics) a stress that produces an elongation of an elastic physical body; "the direction of maximum tension moves asymptotically toward the direction of the shear"
a balance between and interplay of opposing elements or tendencies (especially in art or literature); "there is a tension created between narrative time and movie time"; "there is a tension between these approaches to understanding history"
the action of stretching something tight; "tension holds the belt in the pulleys"
100 bani equal 1 leu in Moldova
100 bani equal 1 leu in Romania
prohibit especially by legal means or social pressure; "Smoking is banned in this building"
an official prohibition or edict against something (同)banning, forbiddance, forbidding
forbid the public distribution of ( a movie or a newspaper) (同)censor
marked with bands or strips of contrasting color or texture; "a banded rock"
characterized by a band of especially white around the body; "banded cattle"
identified with a band especially around a leg; "kept watch for the return of their banded birds"
a circuit of wires for the distribution of electricity
the work of installing the wires for an electrical system or device

PrepTutorEJDIC

『帯』,『バンド』,ひも,(おけの)たが / (色の)すじ,しま / 周波数 / …‘に'バンドを付ける
(人の)『一隊』,『一団』,一群《+『of』+『名』》 / 『楽隊』,バンド / …'を'一隊(一団)にする / 団結する《+『together』》,(…と)一団になる《+『with』+『名』》
〈U〉『ぴんと張ること』,伸長;ぴんと張った状態,張り / 〈U〉(精神的・感情的)『緊張』 / 〈C〉《複数形で》(一般に)『緊張状態(関係)』 / 〈U〉張力,引っ張る力 / 〈U〉起電力;電圧(voltage)
(法による)(…に対する)『禁止』,禁制(prohibition)《+『on』+『名』》 / (世論などの)反対,非難 / (教会の)破門 / (法律や社会的圧力によって)…'を'『禁ずる』,禁止する
(電気の)配線[工事]

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/07/05 01:07:15」(JST)

wiki en

Intraoperative X-Ray of a Humerus fixated by Kirschner wires

Kirschner wires or K-wires or pins are sterilized, sharpened, smooth stainless steel pins. Introduced in 1909 by Martin Kirschner, the wires are now widely used in orthopedics and other types of medical and veterinary surgery. They come in different sizes and are used to hold bone fragments together (pin fixation) or to provide an anchor for skeletal traction. The pins are often driven into the bone through the skin (percutaneous pin fixation) using a power or hand drill. They also form part of the Ilizarov apparatus.

Kirschner Wires used for fixation of a Colles' fracture

Variations

Threaded K-wires are manufactured. They are used in situations where backing out of the pin is undesirable but they are weaker.
"Denham Pins" are strong stout wires with a threaded portion in the middle. They are used for skeletal traction with the threads engaging the bone.

Indications

K-wires are used for temporary fixation during some operations. After definitive fixation they are then removed. The pins are usually removed four weeks post operation.^[1]
They can be used for definitive fixation if the fracture fragments are small (e.g. wrist fractures and hand injuries). In some settings they can be used for intramedullary fixation of bones such as the ulna.
Tension band wiring is a technique in which the bone fragments are transfixed by K-wires which are then also used as an anchor for a loop of flexible wire. As the loop is tightened the bone fragments are compressed together. Fractures of the kneecap and the olecranon process of the elbow are commonly treated by this method.
A wire is passed through the skin then transversely through the bone and out the other side of the limb. The wire is then attached to some form of traction so that the pull is applied directly to bone. In traction of the femur for example, the protruding ends of the wire are fixed to the legs of a horsehoe shaped frame which maintains tension in the wire while the crook of the horseshoe is attached via line and pulleys to weights which maintain the traction.
They can be used for temporary joint immobilization.

Complications

Pin tract infection: Because K-wires often pass through the skin into bone they form a potential passage for bacteria from the skin to migrate into the bone and cause an infection. In such cases, the area around the pin becomes red and swollen and may start to drain pus. Usually this infection clears up after removal of the pin.
Breakage: K-wires may bend or break, especially if the fracture does not heal.^[2]
Loss of fixation: Smooth K-wires may back out of the bone losing the fixation. This is especially likely if they pass between two mobile bones.
Migration of K-wires can occur; instead of backing out the wire can move deeper. K-wires passed across the acromioclavicular (AC) joint in the shoulder have been found to migrate into the chest with the potential to penetrate the major blood vessels, the trachea,^[3] lung,^[4] or the heart.^[5]

References

^ http://sussexhandsurgery.co.uk/downloads/surgery/hand/K%20wire%20fixation%20of%20hand%20fractures.pdf
^ Cebesoy O, Subasi M, Arpacioglu O (August 2007). "Finsen V, Hofstad M, Haugan H. A rare complication in scaphoid pseudoarthrosis: intraarticlar migration and breaking of Kirschner wire". Injury 38 (8): 988–9. doi:10.1016/j.injury.2007.04.011. PMID 17631883.
^ Mitsuo Nakayama, MD, PhD*, Masatoshi Gika, MD, PhD, Hiroki Fukuda, MD, Takeshi Yamahata, MD, Kohei Aoki, MD, Syugo Shiba, MD, Keisuke Eguchi, MD, PhD (2009). "Migration of a Kirschner Wire From the Clavicle Into the Intrathoracic Trachea". Ann Thorac Surg 88 (2): 653–654. doi:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2008.12.093. PMID 19632433.
^ Robert Mazet Jr. (1943). "Migration of a Kirschner Wire From the Shoulder Region Into the Lung:Report of Two Cases". Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 25 (2): 477–483. Retrieved 2009-12-15.
^ Lenard L, Aradi D, Donauer E. (April 2009). "Migrating Kirschner wire in the heart mimics acute coronary syndrome". Eur Heart J 30 (7): 754. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehn548. PMID 19066210.

External links

Kirschner Wires vs. Steinmann Pins

UpToDate Contents

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1. 腸脛靱帯症候群 iliotibial band syndrome
2. 小児における緊張型頭痛 tension type headache in children
3. 成人における緊張型頭痛：病態生理、臨床的特徴、および診断 tension type headache in adults pathophysiology clinical features and diagnosis
4. 成人における上腕骨近位端骨折 proximal humeral fractures in adults
5. 膝の身体診察 physical examination of the knee

English Journal

Tibial tuberosity transposition-advancement for lateralization of the tibial tuberosity: An ex vivo caninestudy.

Newman M1, Bertollo N, Walsh W, Voss K.
Veterinary and comparative orthopaedics and traumatology : V.C.O.T.Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol.2014 Jul 3;27(4). [Epub ahead of print]
Objectives: To evaluate the degree of lateralization achievable and strength of tibial tuberosity transposition and advancement (TTTA) relative to pin and tension band wiring (PTBW) for lateral tibial tuberosity transposition. Methods: Six pairs of cadaveric tibiae were used. Tibial tuberosity posit
PMID 24991874

Simple and comminuted displaced olecranon fractures: a clinical comparison between tension band wiring and plate fixation techniques.

Tarallo L1, Mugnai R, Adani R, Capra F, Zambianchi F, Catani F.
Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery.Arch Orthop Trauma Surg.2014 Jun 17. [Epub ahead of print]
INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this retrospective study is to compare the clinical, functional outcome and complications occurrence between tension band wiring (TBW) and plate fixation both for simple and comminuted displaced olecranon factures.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 2005 and June 2012
PMID 24935660

Long-term outcome of displaced, transverse, noncomminuted olecranon fractures.

Flinterman HJ1, Doornberg JN, Guitton TG, Ring D, Goslings JC, Kloen P.
Clinical orthopaedics and related research.Clin Orthop Relat Res.2014 Jun;472(6):1955-61. doi: 10.1007/s11999-014-3481-5. Epub 2014 Feb 13.
BACKGROUND: Operative treatment of a displaced, transverse, noncomminuted fracture of the olecranon is associated with good to excellent elbow function in retrospective short-term followup studies. However, to our knowledge, no studies have evaluated objective and subjective outcomes using standardi
PMID 24522384