WordNet

the four-dimensional coordinate system (3 dimensions of space and 1 of time) in which physical events are located (同)space-time continuum
place at intervals; "Space the interviews so that you have some time between the different candidates"
an empty area (usually bounded in some way between things); "the architect left space in front of the building"; "they stopped at an open space in the jungle"; "the space between his teeth"
the unlimited expanse in which everything is located; "they tested his ability to locate objects in space"; "the boundless regions of the infinite" (同)infinite
a blank character used to separate successive words in writing or printing; "he said the space is the most important character in the alphabet" (同)blank
a blank area; "write your name in the space provided" (同)blank space, place
an area reserved for some particular purpose; "the laboratorys floor space"
one of the areas between or below or above the lines of a musical staff; "the spaces are the notes F-A-C-E"
arrange or enter in tabular form (同)tabularize, tabularise, tabulate
a piece of furniture having a smooth flat top that is usually supported by one or more vertical legs; "it was a sturdy table"
a piece of furniture with tableware for a meal laid out on it; "I reserved a table at my favorite restaurant"
a set of data arranged in rows and columns; "see table 1" (同)tabular array
a company of people assembled at a table for a meal or game; "he entertained the whole table with his witty remarks"
a short strip of material attached to or projecting from something in order to facilitate opening or identifying or handling it; "pull the tab to open the can"; "files with a red tab will be stored separately"; "the collar has a tab with a button hole"; "the filing cards were organized by cards having indexed tabs"
the time between occurrences of a repeating event; "some women do not control the spacing of their children"
the property possessed by an array of things that have space between them (同)spatial_arrangement

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉『空間』,広がり / 〈U〉『宇宙』,地球の大気圏外(outer space) / 〈C〉〈U〉『間隔』,距離;《しばしば複数形で》空地 / 〈C〉(特定目的のための)『場所』 / 〈U〉《しばしばa~》時間 / 〈C〉〈U〉スペース,余白,余地 / 〈C〉線間(譜表において五線の間の部分) / …‘を'間隔をおいて配置する《+『out』+『名,』+『名』+『out』》
〈C〉『テーブル』,食卓;(仕事・遊戯などの)台 / 〈U〉《時にa~》食べ物,料理 / 《集合的に》テーブルを囲む人々,一度の人々 / 〈C〉(文字・数字,情報などの並べた)『表』,配列表,目録 / =tableland / …‘を'表にする / 《おもに米》〈議案など〉‘を'棚上げにする,見送る / 《英》〈議案など〉‘を'審議に付す
(開けるたれの)つまみ;(持つ・つるすための)ひもの輪;(区別するための)付け札,ラベル / (衣服につける装飾用の)ひも,輪,垂れ飾り;(靴の)舌革など / 《話》(食事などの)勘定;つけ
スペースをあけること,間隔をとること / (印刷された行・語・文の)スペース,間隔

UpToDate Contents

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1. 歯性感染症の合併症、診断、および治療 complications diagnosis and treatment of odontogenic infections
2. 深頸部の感染症 deep neck space infections
3. 高二酸化炭素血症の発症機序、原因、および影響 mechanisms causes and effects of hypercapnia
4. 腹腔鏡下手術に用いる腹部アクセス法 abdominal access techniques used in laparoscopic surgery
5. 小児における後咽頭部感染 retropharyngeal infections in children

English Journal

Making sense of complex electronic records: Socio-technical design in social care.

Wastell D, White S.Author information Nottingham University Business School, Jubilee Campus, Nottingham University, Nottingham NG8 1BB, UK. Electronic address: david.wastell@nottingham.ac.uk.AbstractDealing with complex electronic documentation is an integral part of much contemporary professional work. In this paper, we address the design of electronic records for social care professionals in the UK. Recent reforms in UK child welfare have followed a top-down, managerial approach emphasizing conformance to standard processes. The vicissitudes of a major national IT project, the Integrated Children's System, show the limitations of this approach, in particular the detrimental effect it has had on professional autonomy. Following in the foot-steps of Ken Eason, we argue that socio-technical design, by focussing on innovative applications of technology to support users (rather than the interests of the bureaucracy) offers a more promising alternative. A user-centred design exercise is presented to illustrate this approach in action. A novel interface was developed for handling the heterogeneous bundle of documents which make up the social care record, helping social workers make better sense of case-files. The prototype draws on the metaphor of the dining-room table as a way of overcoming the limitations of the computer display. We conclude that socio-technical thinking engenders a shift in mind-set, opening up a radically different design space compared to current design orthodoxy.
Applied ergonomics.Appl Ergon.2014 Mar;45(2):143-9. doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2013.02.002. Epub 2013 Feb 28.
Dealing with complex electronic documentation is an integral part of much contemporary professional work. In this paper, we address the design of electronic records for social care professionals in the UK. Recent reforms in UK child welfare have followed a top-down, managerial approach emphasizing c
PMID 23453774

Controls on methane emissions from Alnus glutinosa saplings.

Pangala SR, Gowing DJ, Hornibrook ER, Gauci V.Author information Centre for Earth, Planetary, Space and Astronomical Research (CEPSAR), Department of Environment, Earth and Ecosystems, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK.AbstractRecent studies have confirmed significant tree-mediated methane emissions in wetlands; however, conditions and processes controlling such emissions are unclear. Here we identify factors that control the emission of methane from Alnus glutinosa. Methane fluxes from the soil surface, tree stem surfaces, leaf surfaces and whole mesocosms, pore water methane concentrations and physiological factors (assimilation rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration) were measured from 4-yr old A. glutinosa trees grown under two artificially controlled water-table positions. Up to 64% of methane emitted from the high water-table mesocosms was transported to the atmosphere through A. glutinosa. Stem emissions from 2 to 22 cm above the soil surface accounted for up to 42% of total tree-mediated methane emissions. Methane emissions were not detected from leaves and no relationship existed between leaf surface area and rates of tree-mediated methane emissions. Tree stem methane flux strength was controlled by the amount of methane dissolved in pore water and the density of stem lenticels. Our data show that stem surfaces dominate methane egress from A. glutinosa, suggesting that leaf area index is not a suitable approach for scaling tree-mediated methane emissions from all types of forested wetland.
The New phytologist.New Phytol.2014 Feb;201(3):887-96. doi: 10.1111/nph.12561. Epub 2013 Nov 13.
Recent studies have confirmed significant tree-mediated methane emissions in wetlands; however, conditions and processes controlling such emissions are unclear. Here we identify factors that control the emission of methane from Alnus glutinosa. Methane fluxes from the soil surface, tree stem surface
PMID 24219654

Can Anisotropic Exchange Be Reliably Calculated Using Density Functional Methods? A Case Study on Trinuclear Mn(III) -M(III) -Mn(III) (M=Fe, Ru, and Os) Cyanometalate Single-Molecule Magnets.

Singh SK, Rajaraman G.Author information Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076 (India), Fax: +91-(0)22-2576-7152.AbstractDensity functional studies have been performed on a set of trinuclear single-molecule magnets (SMMs) of general formula [{Mn2 (5-Br salen)2 (MeOH)2 }M(CN)6 ](NEt4 ) (M=Fe(III) (1), Ru(III) (2) and Os(III) (3); 5-Brsalen=N,N'-ethylenebis(5-bromosalicylidene)iminato anion). We have computed the orbital-dependent exchange interaction for all three complexes for the first time using DFT and complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) methods. DFT calculations yield the anisotropic exchange as Jξξ =3.5 cm(-1) for 1; Jξξ =12.1 cm(-1) , Jζζ =-6.9 cm(-1) and Jηη =-14 cm(-1) for 2; and Jξξ =23.7 cm(-1) and Jζζ =-11.1 cm(-1) for 3. The computed values are in agreement with the experimental report, and this suggests that the established methodology can be used to compute the anisotropic exchange in larger clusters. Our calculations reiterate the fact that the exchange is described by a three-axis anisotropic exchange for complexes 2 and 3 as evidenced by the experiments. A stronger exchange coupling as we move down the periodic table from 3d to 5d is reproduced by our calculations, and the origin of this enhancement in the exchange interaction has been probed by using molecular orbital analysis. The electronic origin of different types of exchange observed in this series is found to be related to the energy difference between possible degenerate pairs and the nature of orbital interactions. By computing the exchange interaction, the single-ion anisotropy of Mn(III) and zero-field splitting of the S=9/2 ground state of complexes 1-3 using CASSCF and/or DFT methods, we have attempted to shed light on the issue of anisotropic exchange and the barrier height for the magnetisation reversal in SMMs. Comprehensive magneto-structural correlations have been developed to offer clues on how to further enhance the barrier height in this class of SMMs.
Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany).Chemistry.2014 Jan 3;20(1):113-23. doi: 10.1002/chem.201303489. Epub 2013 Nov 29.
Density functional studies have been performed on a set of trinuclear single-molecule magnets (SMMs) of general formula [{Mn2 (5-Br salen)2 (MeOH)2 }M(CN)6 ](NEt4 ) (M=Fe(III) (1), Ru(III) (2) and Os(III) (3); 5-Brsalen=N,N'-ethylenebis(5-bromosalicylidene)iminato anion). We have computed the orbi
PMID 24288194