WordNet

inhale and exhale smoke from cigarettes, cigars, pipes; "We never smoked marijuana"; "Do you smoke?"
a cloud of fine particles suspended in a gas (同)fume
a hot vapor containing fine particles of carbon being produced by combustion; "the fire produced a tower of black smoke that could be seen for miles" (同)smoking
the act of smoking tobacco or other substances; "he went outside for a smoke"; "smoking stinks" (同)smoking
something with no concrete substance; "his dreams all turned to smoke"; "it was just smoke and mirrors"
an indication of some hidden activity; "with all that smoke there must be a fire somewhere"
any physical damage to the body caused by violence or accident or fracture etc. (同)hurt, harm, trauma
an act that causes someone or something to receive physical damage
wrongdoing that violates anothers rights and is unjustly inflicted
an accident that results in physical damage or hurt (同)accidental injury
the act of inhaling; the drawing in of air (or other gases) as in breathing (同)inspiration, aspiration, intake, breathing in
emitting smoke in great volume; "a smoking fireplace"
(used especially of meats and fish) dried and cured by hanging in wood smoke (同)smoke-cured, smoke-dried

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉『煙』;煙状のもの / 〈C〉たばこの一服,喫煙 / 〈C〉《話》たばこ,(特に)紙巻きたばこ / 『煙を出す』,煙る;湯気を立てる / 『たばこを吸う』 / 〈たばこ・麻薬など〉‘を'『吸う』 / 〈肉・魚〉‘を'『薫製』(くんせい)『にする』,いぶす
『負傷』,『損害』,損傷 / (名誉などを)傷つけること,侮辱《+『to』+『名』》
吸入;〈C〉吸入剤
煙ること / 喫煙

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/01/08 17:21:14」(JST)

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Smoke inhalation is the primary cause of death for victims of indoor fires.

Smoke inhalation injury refers to injury due to inhalation or exposure to hot gaseous products of combustion. This can cause serious respiratory complications.^[1]

It is estimated that 50–80% of fire deaths are the result of smoke inhalation injuries, including burns to the respiratory system.^[2] The hot smoke injures or kills by a combination of thermal damage, poisoning and pulmonary irritation and swelling, caused by carbon monoxide, cyanide and other combustion products.

Signs and symptoms[edit]

Symptoms range from coughing and vomiting to nausea, sleepiness and confusion. Burns to the nose, mouth and face; singed nostril hairs; and difficulty breathing / carbonaceous sputum (burned saliva) are also signs of smoke inhalation injury. Approximately one third of patients admitted to burns units have pulmonary injury from hot smoke inhalation.^{[citation needed]} The death rate of patients with both severe burns and smoke inhalation can be in excess of 50%.^{[citation needed]}

Any person with apparent signs of smoke inhalation should be immediately evaluated by a medical professional such as a paramedic or physician. Advanced medical care may be necessary to save the life of the patient, including mechanical ventilation, even if the person is conscious and alert. Pending advanced intervention, the patient should be brought into fresh air and given medical oxygen if available.

Treatment[edit]

Treatment consists of humidified oxygen, bronchodilators, suction, endotracheal tube and chest physiotherapy. There is no role for routine treatment of smoke inhalation with either antibiotics or steroids. Treatment depends on the severity of the smoke inhalation.

Nebulized heparin and acetylcysteine[edit]

Inhalation therapy with nebulized heparin and acetylcysteine is usually started and continued for five to seven days during the hospital stay.^[3]^[4]

Oxygen therapy[edit]

Carbon monoxide (CO) is always presumed to be a complication in smoke inhalation. The initial approach to presumed CO poisoning involves administering supplemental oxygen at a fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) of 100 percent and then the use of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy is evaluated by physicians.^[5]

References[edit]

^ [1]
^ http://www.emedicinehealth.com/articles/6413-1.asp
^ Desai MH, Mlcak R, Richardson J, Nichols R, Herndon DN (1998). "Reduction in mortality in pediatric patients with inhalation injury with aerosolized heparin/N-acetylcystine [correction of acetylcystine] therapy.". J Burn Care Rehabil 19 (3): 210–2. PMID 9622463.
^ Cancio LC (2009). "Airway management and smoke inhalation injury in the burn patient.". Clin Plast Surg 36 (4): 555–67. doi:10.1016/j.cps.2009.05.013. PMID 19793551.
^ Weaver LK, Howe S, Hopkins R, Chan KJ (2000). "Carboxyhemoglobin half-life in carbon monoxide-poisoned patients treated with 100% oxygen at atmospheric pressure.". Chest 117 (3): 801–8. PMID 10713010.

External links[edit]

Smoke Inhalation at eDoctor.co.in
Emedicine Health

UpToDate Contents

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1. 煙の吸入 smoke inhalation
2. 一酸化炭素中毒 carbon monoxide poisoning
3. 成人における中等度および重度熱傷の救急治療 emergency care of moderate and severe thermal burns in adults
4. シアン化物中毒 cyanide poisoning
5. 重症熱傷患者のマネージメントの概要 overview of the management of the severely burned patient

English Journal

The Acute Kidney Injury Network Criteria Applied in Burns.

Chung KK, Stewart IJ, Gisler C, Simmons JW, Aden JK, Tilley MA, Cotant CL, White CE, Wolf SE, Renz EM.SourceFrom the *United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, Texas; †59th Wilford Hall Medical Center-Medical Wing, Lackland AFB, Texas; ‡University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas; §Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio,Texas; and ║Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland.
Journal of burn care & research : official publication of the American Burn Association.J Burn Care Res.2012 Jun 8. [Epub ahead of print]
In 2007, the Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) developed a modified standard for diagnosing and classifying acute kidney injury (AKI). This classification system is a modification of the previously described risk, injury, failure, loss, and end-stage (RIFLE) criteria. Among other modifications, the
PMID 22688091

Particulate matter in cigarette smoke increases ciliary axoneme beating through mechanical stimulation.

Navarrette CR, Sisson JH, Nance E, Allen-Gipson D, Hanes J, Wyatt TA.Source1 Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska.
Journal of aerosol medicine and pulmonary drug delivery.J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv.2012 Jun;25(3):159-68. Epub 2012 Jan 26.
Abstract Background: The lung's ability to trap and clear foreign particles via the mucociliary elevator is an important mechanism for protecting the lung against respirable irritants and microorganisms. Although cigarette smoke (CS) exposure and particulate inhalation are known to alter mucocilia
PMID 22280523