段階希釈、系列希釈

WordNet

pertaining to or occurring in or producing a series; "serial monogamy"; "serial killing"; "a serial killer"; "serial publication"
a serialized set of programs; "a comedy series"; "the Masterworks concert series" (同)series
of or relating to the sequential performance of multiple operations; "serial processing" (同)in series, nonparallel
pertaining to or composed in serial technique; "serial music"
a diluted solution
weakening (reducing the concentration) by the addition of water or a thinner

PrepTutorEJDIC

(雑誌などの)連載物;定期刊行物;(テレビ・ラジオなどの)続き物,連続物 / 続き物の,連続物の / 連続している,順次の
〈U〉(液体などを)薄めること / 〈C〉薄めたもの,希釈液

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/06/23 01:55:19」(JST)

wiki en

A serial dilution is the stepwise dilution of a substance in solution. Usually the dilution factor at each step is constant, resulting in a geometric progression of the concentration in a logarithmic fashion. A ten-fold serial dilution could be 1 M, 0.1 M, 0.01 M, 0.001 M... Serial dilutions are used to accurately create highly diluted solutions as well as solutions for experiments resulting in concentration curves with a logarithmic scale. A tenfold dilution for each step is called a logarithmic dilution or log-dilution, a 3.16-fold (10^0.5-fold) dilution is called a half-logarithmic dilution or half-log dilution, and a 1.78-fold (10^0.25-fold) dilution is called a quarter-logarithmic dilution or quarter-log dilution. Serial dilutions are widely used in experimental sciences, including biochemistry, pharmacology, microbiology, and physics.

In biology and medicine

In biology and medicine, besides the more conventional uses described above, serial dilution may also be used to reduce the concentration of microscopic organisms or cells in a sample. As, for instance the number and size of bacterial colonies that grow on an agar plate in a given time is concentration-dependent, and since many other diagnostic techniques involve physically counting the number of micro-organisms or cells on specials printed with grids (for comparing concentrations of two organisms or cell types in the sample) or wells of a given volume (for absolute concentrations), dilution can be useful for getting more manageable results.^[1] Serial dilution is also a cheaper and simpler method for preparing cultures from a single cell than optical tweezers and micromanipulators.^[2]

In homeopathy

Serial dilution is one of the core foundational practices of homeopathy, with "succussion", or shaking, occurring between each dilution. In homeopathy, serial dilutions (called potentisation) are often taken so far that by the time the last dilution is completed, no molecules of the original substance are likely to remain.^[3]^[4]

References

^ K. R. Aneja. Experiments in Microbiology, Plant Pathology and Biotechnology. New Age Publishers, 2005, p. 69. ISBN 81-224-1494-X
^ Booth, C. et al. (2006). Extremophiles. Methods in microbiology 35. Academic Press. p. 543. ISBN 0-12-521536-3.
^ Weissmann, Gerald (2006). "Homeopathy: Holmes, Hogwarts, and the Prince of Wales". The FASEB Journal 20 (11): 1755–1758. doi:10.1096/fj.06-0901ufm. PMID 16940145. Retrieved 2008-02-01.
^ Ernst, Edzard (November 2005). "Is homeopathy a clinically valuable approach?". Trends in Pharmacological Sciences 26 (11): 547–548. doi:10.1016/j.tips.2005.09.003. PMID 16165225.

Michael L. Bishop, Edward P. Fody, Larry E. Schoeff. Clinical Chemistry: Principles, Procedures, Correlations. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2004, p. 24. ISBN 0-7817-4611-6.

External links

How to Make Simple Solutions and Dilutions, Bates College

UpToDate Contents

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1. 成人における代謝性アシドーシスへのアプローチ approach to the adult with metabolic acidosis
2. 抗菌薬感受性試験の概要 overview of antibacterial susceptibility testing
3. 抗真菌剤感受性試験 antifungal susceptibility testing
4. ヒト絨毛性性ゴナドトロピン：妊娠および妊娠性絨毛性疾患の検査と低検査値が持続する原因 human chorionic gonadotropin testing in pregnancy and gestational trophoblastic disease and causes of low persistent levels
5. TSH-secreting pituitary adenomas

English Journal

Using Real-Time PCR as a tool for monitoring the authenticity of commercial coffees.

Ferreira T1, Farah A2, Oliveira TC3, Lima IS3, Vitório F4, Oliveira EM5.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2016 May 15;199:433-8. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.12.045. Epub 2015 Dec 10.
Coffee is one of the main food products commercialized in the world. Its considerable market value among food products makes it susceptible to adulteration, especially with cereals. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop a method based on Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for
PMID 26775992

Theory of a microfluidic serial dilution bioreactor for growth of planktonic and biofilm populations.

Hsu SB1, Yang YT2.
Journal of mathematical biology.J Math Biol.2016 Apr;72(5):1401-27. doi: 10.1007/s00285-015-0913-0. Epub 2015 Jul 2.
We present the theory of a microfluidic bioreactor with a two-compartment growth chamber and periodic serial dilution. In the model, coexisting planktonic and biofilm populations exchange by adsorption and detachment. The criteria for coexistence and global extinction are determined by stability ana
PMID 26134670

Deciphering Community Structure of Methanotrophs Dwelling in Rice Rhizospheres of an Indian Rice Field Using Cultivation and Cultivation-Independent Approaches.

Pandit PS1, Rahalkar MC2, Dhakephalkar PK1, Ranade DR1,3, Pore S1, Arora P1, Kapse N1.
Microbial ecology.Microb Ecol.2016 Apr;71(3):634-44. doi: 10.1007/s00248-015-0697-1. Epub 2015 Nov 7.
Methanotrophs play a crucial role in filtering out methane from habitats, such as flooded rice fields. India has the largest area under rice cultivation in the world; however, to the best of our knowledge, methanotrophs have not been isolated and characterized from Indian rice fields. A cultivation
PMID 26547567

Japanese Journal

汎用自動分析装置を用いた血中メトトレキサート測定試薬の基礎的検討

田中祥子,佐藤翠,塩谷美江子,木杉玲子,池田勇一,海渡健
医学検査 64(4), 489-494, 2015
メトトレキサート（以下MTX）は，核酸合成を阻害して細胞増殖を抑制する薬物で，主に抗悪性腫瘍薬として使用されている。しかしMTXには，骨髄機能抑制や肝・腎機能障害などの副作用があるため，投与中は血中濃度のモニタリングが必要とされる。今回我々は，新しく開発されたホモジニアスエンザイムイムノアッセイを用いた血中MTX測定試薬「ナノピアeTDMメトトレキサート」（積水メディカル株式会社）の基礎的検討を行 …
NAID 130005098774

A novel high-throughput method for molecular serotyping and serotype-specific quantification of Streptococcus pneumoniae using a nanofluidic real-time PCR system

Dhoubhadel Bhim Gopal,Yasunami Michio,Yoshida Lay-Myint,Thi Hien Anh Nguyen,Thi Thu Huong Vu,Thi Thuy Ai Nguyen,Watanabe Kiwao,Suzuki Motoi,Morimoto Konosuke,Dang Duc Anh,Ariyoshi Koya
Journal of Medical Microbiology 63(4), 528-539, 2014-04
… All primer pairs were evaluated for their sensitivity, specificity, efficiency, repeatability, accuracy and reproducibility on the Fluidigm Biomark HD System, a nanofluidic real-time PCR system, by drawing standard curves with a serial dilution of purified DNA. …
NAID 120005465578

筋損傷にともなう神経筋接合部の変化

春日規克,西沢富江,山下晋 [他],山下晋
久留米大学健康・スポーツ科学センター研究紀要 (21), 1-7, 2014-03
… 5% dilution) was injected in the rat hindlimb to induce extensor digitorum longus muscle damage. … The morphology of the neuromuscular junction was monitored over 10 days (12 h and 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 10 days after injection) in longitudinal serial sections.Skeletal muscle fiber damage was detected early after BPVC injection. …
NAID 120005448747