WordNet

make or leave a mark on; "the scouts marked the trail"; "ash marked the believers foreheads"
formerly the basic unit of money in Germany (同)German mark, Deutsche Mark, Deutschmark
the impression created by doing something unusual or extraordinary that people notice and remember; "it was in London that he made his mark"; "he left an indelible mark on the American theater"
a number or letter indicating quality (especially of a students performance); "she made good marks in algebra"; "grade A milk"; "what was your score on your homework?" (同)grade, score
a visible indication made on a surface; "some previous reader had covered the pages with dozens of marks"; "paw prints were everywhere" (同)print
a symbol of disgrace or infamy; "And the Lord set a mark upon Cain"--Genesis (同)stigma, brand, stain
a written or printed symbol (as for punctuation); "his answer was just a punctuation mark"
designate as if by a mark; "This sign marks the border"
an assortment of things from which a choice can be made; "the store carried a large selection of shoes"
a writing implement for making a mark
some conspicuous object used to distinguish or mark something; "the buoys were markers for the channel"
a distinguishing symbol; "the owners mark was on all the sheep" (同)marking, mark

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈C〉(…の表面についた)『跡』,汚れ,はん点《+『on』+『名』》 / 〈C〉『印』,記号,符号,標章 / 〈C〉《おもに英》(学業などの)『点数』,成績,評価,(…の)得点《+『in』(『for』)+『名』》 / 〈C〉(ある性質の)『徴候』,『特徴』,現れ,様相《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈C〉(思想・生活などに及ぼす)『影響』,感化《+『on』+『名』》 / 〈C〉(境界などの)位置を示すもの,指標,目印 / 〈C〉『的』,標的 / 〈C〉《the mark》水準,標準 / 〈U〉《文》著名,重要性;名声 / 〈C〉(軽べつ・もの笑いなどの)対象,的 / 〈U〉《通例M-》武器記号,…型 / 〈C〉スタートライン / (…で)…‘に'『印をつける』,跡をつける《+『名』++『with』+『名』》 / 〈物が〉…‘を'印となっている,‘を'示している / …‘を'印(記号など)で示す / 〈物・事柄などが〉…‘を'『特徴づける』,目立たせる / 〈答案など〉‘に'点(印)をつける / (…の候補に)…‘を'選び出す《+『名』+『out for』+『名』》 / …‘に'注意を払う,柱目する
マルク(ドイツノ貨幣単位;《略》『MK.』)
〈U〉《時にA~》『選ぶこと』,選抜,選出;(…から)選び出すこと《+『from』(『out of, among』)+『名』》 / 〈C〉(…から)『選び抜かれた人』(『物』);(…の)抜粋,選集《+『from』(『of』)+『名』》 / 〈C〉《単数形で》(商店などの)品揃え / 〈U〉淘汰(とうた):natural selection自然淘汰
印をつける人(道具) / (ゲームなどの)採点者 / 目印,目標

UpToDate Contents

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1. 着床前の男女生み分け技術 techniques for preimplantation sex selection
2. ダウン症の母体血清スクリーニングに関する臨床検査の問題 laboratory issues related to maternal serum screening for down syndrome
3. 心臓ペーシングのモード：名称および選択 modes of cardiac pacing nomenclature and selection
4. 胃瘻用チューブ：成人における使用法、患者選択、および有効性 gastrostomy tubes uses patient selection and efficacy in adults
5. 糖尿病を合併した腎臓・膵臓移植での患者選択とそれに関連する免疫学的問題 patient selection for and immunologic issues relating to kidney pancreas transplantation in diabetes mellitus

English Journal

Cellular and humoral immunodeficiency in breast cancer patients resistant to hormone therapy.

Zavadova E, Vocka M, Spacek J, Konopasek B, Fucikova T, Petruzelka L.AbstractIn view of the fact that insufficiency in immune response often correlates with poor prognosis, research in recent years has focused on the task of describing the precise status and function of the immune system and its possible effect on cancer patients. Although more than two thirds of treated patients respond to endocrine therapy, most patients with metastatic breast cancer develop a resistance to it. Estrogen modulates angiogenesis, partially through its effects on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). It also appears that transforming growth factor-beta (TGF beta) could be another factor contributing to this resistance. TGF beta is a highly immunosuppressive factor that inhibits natural and specific immunity against tumors and stimulates the production of VEGF. The purpose of the study was to monitor immune responses in patients with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer who were resistant to hormone therapy. The examination of cellular components (CD4, CD8, HLA-DR, NK cells) and humoral immunity (IgG, IgG subclasses, IgA, IgM,). TGF beta and VEGF production were monitored with special attention, along with an analysis of the changes that occurred during the hormonal treatment. 68 patients included in the research project were implemented with routine cancer treatment with endocrine therapy. Basic parameters (the histological type and grade, the degree of expression of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and the proliferative marker) were established. Patients were evaluated by a cancer clinical immunologist to exclude immune disorders, allergic or autoimmune origin. TGF beta and VEGF were measured by ELISA and antitumor cellular immunity (CD4, CD8) was measured by flow cytometry. Patients who failed in the first line of hormone therapy treatment were considered as resistant to hormone therapy.Depression in cellular immunity was found especially in patients with resistance to endocrine therapy. In addition, immunoglobulin plasma levels were decreased (mainly IgG4 subtype). Most patients showed clinical symptoms of immunodeficiency (frequent infections of respiratory or urinary tract, herpetic infections). Significant increases in TGF beta and VEGF plasma were also detected.The correlation of these factors with resistance to hormonal therapy and the state of anticancer immunity could be helpful in the task of predicting resistance to hormonal therapy and could contribute to the selection of targeted immune therapy in cancer patients in the future. Keywords: Breast cancer; immunodeficiency; TGF beta; VEGF.
Neoplasma.Neoplasma.2014;61(1):90-8.
In view of the fact that insufficiency in immune response often correlates with poor prognosis, research in recent years has focused on the task of describing the precise status and function of the immune system and its possible effect on cancer patients. Although more than two thirds of treated pat
PMID 24195514

Genetic variants and effects on milk traits of the caprine paired-like homeodomain transcription factor 2 (PITX2) gene in dairy goats.

Zhao H, Wu X, Cai H, Pan C, Lei C, Chen H, Lan X.SourceCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China. Electronic address: haiyuzhao616@gmail.com.
Gene.Gene.2013 Dec 15;532(2):203-10. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.09.062. Epub 2013 Sep 25.
The paired-like homeodomain transcription factor 2 (PITX2) gene plays a critical role in cell proliferation, differentiation, hematopoiesis and organogenesis. This gene regulates several genes' expressions in the Wnt/beta-catenin and POU1F1 pathways, thereby probably affecting milk performance. The
PMID 24076438

Identification and genetic effect of haplotype in the bovine BMP7 gene.

Huang YZ, Wang XL, He H, Lan XY, Lei CZ, Zhang CL, Chen H.SourceCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
Gene.Gene.2013 Dec 15;532(2):281-7. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.03.009. Epub 2013 Mar 14.
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are peptide growth factors belonging to the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) superfamily, and some members of the BMP family support white adipocyte differentiation. In this study, we focused on the BMP7 which singularly promotes the differentiation of brow
PMID 23500594

Japanese Journal

Toxoflavin Lyase Enzyme as a Marker for Selecting Potato Plant Transformants

KIM Mi-Sun,KIM HyunSoon,MOON Jae Sun [他]
Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 76(12), 2354-2356, 2012-12
NAID 40019531389

Comparison of phenotypic versus marker-assisted background selection for the SUB1 QTL during backcrossing in rice

IFTEKHARUDDAULA Khandakar M.,SALAM Muhammad A.,NEWAZ Muhammad A.,AHMED Helal U.,COLLARD Bertrand C. Y.,SEPTININGSIH Endang M.,SANCHEZ Darlene L.,PAMPLONA Alvaro M.,MACKILL David J.
Breeding science 62(3), 216-222, 2012-09-01
NAID 10030870129