WordNet

worthy of or requiring responsibility or trust; or held accountable; "a responsible adult"; "responsible journalism"; "a responsible position"; "the captain is responsible for the ships safety"; "the cabinet is responsible to the parliament"
being the agent or cause; "determined who was the responsible party"; "termites were responsible for the damage" (同)responsible for
a substance that exerts some force or effect
a businessman who buys or sells for another in exchange for a commission (同)factor, broker
any agent or representative of a federal agency or bureau (同)federal agent
a representative who acts on behalf of other persons or organizations
an active and efficient cause; capable of producing a certain effect; "their research uncovered new disease agents"
how long something has existed; "it was replaced because of its age"
a time of life (usually defined in years) at which some particular qualification or power arises; "she was now of school age"; "tall for his eld" (同)eld
begin to seem older; get older; "The death of his wife caused him to age fast"
make older; "The death of his child aged him tremendously"

PrepTutorEJDIC

(物事が)『責任を伴う』,責任の重い / 《補語にのみ用いて》(人が)(…に対して人に)『責任を負っている』,責任がある《+『to』+『名』〈人〉+『for』+『名』〈事〉(do『ing』)》 / 《補語にのみ用いて》《おもに米》(…の)原因である《+『for』+『名』》 / (人などが)責任を果たし得る,信頼できる
『代理人』;周旋人 / 働き(作用)を起こすもの;作用物,薬剤 / (政府機関,特にFBI,CIAなどの)部員,機関員
〈U〉(一般に)『年齢』,寿命;〈C〉(個々の)『年齢』,年 / 〈U〉成年(おとなとしての資格・権利を得る年齢;通例18または21歳) / 〈U〉『老齢』;《集合的に》老人たち / 〈U〉(人生の)『一時期』;〈C〉世代(generation) / 〈U〉〈C〉《しばしばA-》(歴史上の)『時代』 / 〈C〉《話》長い間 / 年をとる,ふける;〈物が〉古くなる / 〈年〉'を'とらせる;〈物〉'を'古びさせる

UpToDate Contents

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1. 血清病および血清病様反応 serum sickness and serum sickness like reactions
2. 全身性抗腫瘍治療に関連する肺毒性：臨床症状、診断、および治療 pulmonary toxicity associated with systemic antineoplastic therapy clinical presentation diagnosis and treatment
3. 周術期アナフィラキシー：再発反応の評価および予防 perioperative anaphylaxis evaluation and prevention of recurrent reactions
4. サルコイドーシスの病因 pathogenesis of sarcoidosis
5. 抗レトロウイルス剤投与患者における悪性腫瘍に対する全身療法 systemic therapy for malignancy in patients on anti retroviral medications

English Journal

Oxymatrine induces apoptosis in human cervical cancer cells through guanine nucleotide depletion.

Li M, Su BS, Chang LH, Gao Q, Chen KL, An P, Huang C, Yang J, Li ZF.Author information aEngineering Research Center of Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Shaanxi Province Departments of bObstetrics and Gynaecology cPathology dDisease Prevention and Health Promotion eGeneral Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.AbstractOxymatrine is an alkaloid obtained primarily from Sophora roots and has been shown to show anticancer effects in various cancers. However, the cellular and molecular effects of this agent on cervical cancer have been poorly characterized. Here, we investigated the antitumor effect of oxymatrine on a human cervical cancer cell line (HeLa). Our results showed that application of oxymatrine significantly inhibited the cell growth and tumorigenesis in a dose-dependent manner and induced apoptosis through caspase-dependent pathways as determined using flow cytometry and TUNEL staining analysis. To define the proteins potentially related to the mechanisms of action, proteomic analysis was utilized to detect proteins altered by oxymatrine. As the downregulated gene, inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase type II (IMPDH2) was responsible for oxymatrine-induced mitochondrial-related apoptosis. Moreover, oxymatrine depleted intracellular guanosine 5'-triphosphate (GTP) levels by effective IMPDH inhibition. Functional analyses further showed that oxymatrine and tiazofurin, an inhibitor of IMPDH2, sensitized resistant HeLa/DDP cells to cisplatin. In addition, the expression of IMPDH2 in cervical cancer was significantly higher than that in the normal cervical epithelium. Taken together, these findings suggest that targeting of IMPDH2 by potential pharmacological inhibitors, oxymatrine in combination with chemotherapy, might be a promising means of overcoming chemoresistance in cervical cancer with high IMPDH2 expression, and may thus provide new insights into the mechanism of oxyamtrine-induced anticancer effects.
Anti-cancer drugs.Anticancer Drugs.2014 Feb;25(2):161-73. doi: 10.1097/CAD.0000000000000012.
Oxymatrine is an alkaloid obtained primarily from Sophora roots and has been shown to show anticancer effects in various cancers. However, the cellular and molecular effects of this agent on cervical cancer have been poorly characterized. Here, we investigated the antitumor effect of oxymatrine on a
PMID 24231526

Tussilagone suppresses colon cancer cell proliferation by promoting the degradation of β-catenin.

Li H1, Lee HJ2, Ahn YH1, Kwon HJ1, Jang CY1, Kim WY1, Ryu JH3.Author information 1College of Pharmacy and Research Center for Cell Fate Control, Sookmyung Women's University, 52 Hyochangwon-Gil, Yongsan-Gu, Seoul 140-742, Republic of Korea.2Department of Natural Medicine Resources, Semyung University, 65 Semyung-ro, Jecheon, Chungbuk 390-711, Republic of Korea.3College of Pharmacy and Research Center for Cell Fate Control, Sookmyung Women's University, 52 Hyochangwon-Gil, Yongsan-Gu, Seoul 140-742, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: ryuha@sookmyung.ac.kr.AbstractAbnormal activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway frequently induces colon cancer progression. In the present study, we identified tussilagone (TSL), a compound isolated from the flower buds of Tussilago farfara, as an inhibitor on β-catenin dependent Wnt pathway. TSL suppressed β-catenin/T-cell factor transcriptional activity and down-regulated β-catenin level both in cytoplasm and nuclei of HEK293 reporter cells when they were stimulated by Wnt3a or activated by an inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase-3β. Since the mRNA level was not changed by TSL, proteasomal degradation might be responsible for the decreased level of β-catenin. In SW480 and HCT116 colon cancer cell lines, TSL suppressed the β-catenin activity and also decreased the expression of cyclin D1 and c-myc, representative target genes of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, and consequently inhibited the proliferation of colon cancer cells. Taken together, TSL might be a potential chemotherapeutic agent for the prevention and treatment of human colon cancer.
Biochemical and biophysical research communications.Biochem Biophys Res Commun.2014 Jan 3;443(1):132-7. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.11.062. Epub 2013 Nov 22.
Abnormal activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway frequently induces colon cancer progression. In the present study, we identified tussilagone (TSL), a compound isolated from the flower buds of Tussilago farfara, as an inhibitor on β-catenin dependent Wnt pathway. TSL suppressed β-cateni
PMID 24269588

Identification of the Target Protein of Agelasine D, a Marine Sponge Diterpene Alkaloid, as an Anti-dormant Mycobacterial Substance.

Arai M, Yamano Y, Setiawan A, Kobayashi M.Author information Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Yamada-oka 1-6, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 (Japan). kobayasi@phs.osaka-u.ac.jp.AbstractOne of the major reasons for the wide epidemicity of tuberculosis and for the necessity for extensive chemotherapeutic regimens is that the causative agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, has an ability to become dormant. Therefore, new lead compounds that are anti-bacterial against M. tuberculosis in both active and dormant states are urgently needed. Marine sponge diterpene alkaloids, agelasines B, C, and D, from an Indonesian marine sponge of the genus Agelas were rediscovered as anti-dormant-mycobacterial substances. Based on the concept that the transformants over-expressing targets of antimicrobial substances confer drug resistance, strains resistant to agelasine D were screened from Mycobacterium smegmatis transformed with a genomic DNA library of Mycobacterium bovis BCG. Sequence analysis of the cosmids isolated from resistant transformants revealed that the responsible gene was located in the genome region between 3475.051 and 3502.901 kb. Further analysis of the transformants over-expressing the individual gene contained in this region indicated that BCG3185c (possibly a dioxygenase) might be a target of the molecule. Moreover, agelasine D was found to bind directly to recombinant BCG3185c protein (KD 2.42 μm), based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR). This evidence strongly suggests that the BCG3185c protein is the major target of agelasine D, and that the latter is the anti-mycobacterial substance against dormant bacilli.
Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology.Chembiochem.2014 Jan 3;15(1):117-23. doi: 10.1002/cbic.201300470. Epub 2013 Nov 14.
One of the major reasons for the wide epidemicity of tuberculosis and for the necessity for extensive chemotherapeutic regimens is that the causative agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, has an ability to become dormant. Therefore, new lead compounds that are anti-bacterial against M. tuberculosis in
PMID 24243718

Japanese Journal

Toward a Molecular Understanding of the Mechanism of Cryopreservation by Polyampholytes: Cell Membrane Interactions and Hydrophobicity

Biomacromolecules 17(5), 1882-1893, 2016-04-14
NAID 120005820918

GCN5-deficiency remarkably enhances the sensitivity of B cells in response to 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide

Fundamental Toxicological Sciences 3(3), 137-142, 2016
NAID 130005152906

抗がん剤により膵癌細胞に誘導されるEMT促進因子の同定と機能解析

膵臓 31(1), 76-84, 2016
NAID 130005137841

「原因薬」

　　[★]

英: responsible agent
関: 原因薬剤

「原因薬剤」

　　[★]

英: responsible agent
関: 原因薬

「responsible」

　　[★]

adj.

責任/責めを負うべき、責任がある(for)。監督責任がある(for)。(人に)応答/報告する義務がある、(人の)監督下にある(to)。(議会に対して)責任のある(内閣)。(地位など)責任の思い、責任アル
～の原因である(for)

This swelling increases intracranial pressure, which is probably responsible for the symptoms of acute water intoxication.(この腫脹が頭蓋内圧を増加させ、そしてこれがおそらく急性水中毒症状の原因である)(HIM.2222)