放出因子、遊離因子

WordNet

be a contributing factor; "make things factor into a companys profitability"
any of the numbers (or symbols) that form a product when multiplied together
an independent variable in statistics
anything that contributes causally to a result; "a number of factors determined the outcome"
consider as relevant when making a decision; "You must factor in the recent developments" (同)factor in, factor out
resolve into factors; "a quantum computer can factor the number 15" (同)factor in, factor out
an event known to have happened or something known to have existed; "your fears have no basis in fact"; "how much of the story is fact and how much fiction is hard to tell"
a concept whose truth can be proved; "scientific hypotheses are not facts"
a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred; "first you must collect all the facts of the case"
a statement or assertion of verified information about something that is the case or has happened; "he supported his argument with an impressive array of facts"

PrepTutorEJDIC

(…の)『要因』,(…を生み出す)要素《+『in』+『名』(do『ing』)》 / 囲数,約数 / 代理人,《おもに英》仲買人 / =factorize
〈C〉『事実』,実際にある(あった)事 / 〈U〉真相,真実(truth) / 《the~》(法律用語で)犯行

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/01/31 11:38:06」(JST)

wiki en

A releasing hormone or releasing factor is a hormone whose main purpose is to control the release of other hormones. These are also called hypophysiotropic or hypothalamic hormones. The use of the term factor was employed for some time pending the establishment of the molecular structure of the hormones. When this had been fully established the hormones were referred to as releasing hormones.^[1] The main releasing hormones secreted by the hypothalamus are:

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH),
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH),
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH),
Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH),

Two other factors are also classed as releasing hormones, although they in fact inhibit pituitary hormone release

Somatostatin,
Dopamine.

For example, TRH is released from the hypothalamus in response to low levels of secretion of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) from the pituitary gland. The TSH in turn is under feedback control by the thyroid hormones T4 and T3. When the levels of TSH are too high, they feed back on the brain to shut down the secretion of TRH. Synthetic TRH is also used by physicians as a test of TSH reserve in the pituitary gland as it should stimulate the release of TSH and prolactin from this gland.

Releasing hormones are sometimes known as liberins. For example, TRH may be known as thyroliberin. Inhibiting hormones may be known as statins. For example, dopamine (which inhibits prolactin release) may be called prolactostatin. ^[2]

Mechanism

Releasing hormones increase (or, in case of inhibitory factors, decrease) the intracellular concentration of calcium (Ca²⁺), resulting in vesicle fusion of the respective primary hormone.

For GnRH, TRH and GHRH the increase in Ca²⁺ is achieved by the releasing hormone coupling and activating G protein coupled receptors coupled to the G_q alpha subunit, activating the IP3/DAG pathway to increase Ca²⁺.^[3] For GHRH, however, this is a minor pathway, the main one being the cAMP dependent pathway. ^[4]

Notable researchers

Roger Guillemin and Andrew W. Schally were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine in 1977 for their contributions to understanding "the peptide hormone production of the brain"; these scientists independently first isolated TRH and GnRH and then identified their structures.^[5]

References

^ Guillemin, Roger. Hypothalamic hormones aka hypothalamic releasing factors. J Endocrinol Jan 1 2005 184 11-28 doi.10.1677/joe.1.05883
^ http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iubmb/misc/phorm.html
^ Page 237 in: Costanzo, Linda S. (2007). Physiology. Hagerstwon, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 0-7817-7311-3.
^ Walter F., PhD. Boron (2003). Medical Physiology: A Cellular And Molecular Approaoch. Elsevier/Saunders. p. 1300. ISBN 1-4160-2328-3.
^ Guillemin R. Hypothalamic hormones a.k.a. hypothalamic releasing factors. J Endocrinol 2005;184:11-28. Fulltext. doi:10.1677/joe.1.05883 PMID 15642779.

UpToDate Contents

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「放出因子」「遊離因子」
拡張検索	「hypothalamic releasing factor」「corticotropin-releasing factor receptor」「corticotropin-releasing factor」「guanine nucleotide-releasing factor 2」
関連記事	「fact」「factor」