WordNet

the posterior part of the mandible that is more or less vertical
a part of a forked or branching shape; "he broke off one of the branches" (同)leg, ramification
divide into two or more branches so as to form a fork; "The road forks" (同)ramify, fork, furcate, separate
a division of a stem, or secondary stem arising from the main stem of a plant
a division of some larger or more complex organization; "a branch of Congress"; "botany is a branch of biology"; "the Germanic branch of Indo-European languages" (同)subdivision, arm
a stream or river connected to a larger one
strike or drive against with a heavy impact; "ram the gate with a sledgehammer"; "pound on the door" (同)ram down, pound
uncastrated adult male sheep; "a British term is `tup" (同)tup
a tool for driving or forcing something by impact

PrepTutorEJDIC

『枝』 / 『支流』,支脈,支線;分家 / 『支店』,『支部』,支局 / (学問の)『部門』,分科 / 枝を出す,枝を広げる / (川・道・鉄道などが)分岐する
(去勢しない)雄羊 / 破城づち(先に鉄のつめのついたさおで,戸・城壁などを破るのに用いた) / くい打ち機 / (…に)…‘を'激しく打ちつける(打ち込む)《+『名』+『against』(『into』)+『名』》 / …‘に'激突する / (…に)…‘を'詰め込む,押し込む《+『名』+『into』(in, down』)+『名』》 / (…に)激突する《+『against』(『into』)+『名』》

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/12/04 20:50:04」(JST)

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1. 急性心筋梗塞における心エコー検査の役割 role of echocardiography in acute myocardial infarction
2. 高齢者における軽度の骨盤骨折 minor pelvic fractures in the older adult
3. 経膣メッシュ曝露と骨盤手術後の疼痛のマネージメント management of transvaginal mesh exposure and pain following pelvic surgery
4. 小児における顎骨骨折 jaw fractures in children
5. 内転筋および腱の損傷 adductor muscle and tendon injury

English Journal

Ontogenetic variation in the mandibular ramus of great apes and humans.

Terhune CE1, Robinson CA, Ritzman TB.Author information 1Department of Anthropology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas.AbstractConsiderable variation exists in mandibular ramus form among primates, particularly great apes and humans. Recent analyses of adult ramal morphology have suggested that features on the ramus, especially the coronoid process and sigmoid notch, can be treated as phylogenetic characters that can be used to reconstruct relationships among great ape and fossil hominin taxa. Others have contended that ramal morphology is more influenced by function than phylogeny. In addition, it remains unclear how ontogeny of the ramus contributes to adult variation in great apes and humans. Specifically, it is unclear whether differences among adults appear early and are maintained throughout ontogeny, or if these differences appear, or are enhanced, during later development. To address these questions, the present study examined a broad ontogenetic sample of great apes and humans using two-dimensional geometric morphometric analysis. Variation within and among species was summarized using principal component and thin plate spline analyses, and Procrustes distances and discriminant function analyses were used to statistically compare species and age classes. Results suggest that morphological differences among species in ramal morphology appear early in ontogeny and persist into adulthood. Morphological differences among adults are particularly pronounced in the height and angulation of the coronoid process, the depth and anteroposterior length of the sigmoid notch, and the inclination of the ramus. In all taxa, the ascending ramus of the youngest specimens is more posteriorly inclined in relation to the occlusal plane, shifting to become more upright in adults. These results suggest that, although there are likely functional influences over the form of the coronoid process and ramus, the morphology of this region can be profitably used to differentiate among great apes, modern humans, and fossil hominid taxa. J. Morphol. 275:661-677, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Journal of morphology.J Morphol.2014 Jun;275(6):661-77. doi: 10.1002/jmor.20246. Epub 2014 Feb 1.
Considerable variation exists in mandibular ramus form among primates, particularly great apes and humans. Recent analyses of adult ramal morphology have suggested that features on the ramus, especially the coronoid process and sigmoid notch, can be treated as phylogenetic characters that can be use
PMID 24488443

Mandibular marginal contouring in oriental aesthetic surgery: refined surgical concept and operative procedure.

Satoh K1, Mitsukawa N.Author information 1From the Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.AbstractOBJECTIVES: In aesthetic mandibular contouring surgery, which is often conducted in Asians, the operative procedure is thought to deliver a more aesthetic mandibular shape by means of contouring conducted as a whole from the ramus to the symphysis. The authors describe the refined concept and operative procedures of mandibular marginal contouring.
Annals of plastic surgery.Ann Plast Surg.2014 May;72(5):498-502. doi: 10.1097/SAP.0b013e31826a18d3.
OBJECTIVES: In aesthetic mandibular contouring surgery, which is often conducted in Asians, the operative procedure is thought to deliver a more aesthetic mandibular shape by means of contouring conducted as a whole from the ramus to the symphysis. The authors describe the refined concept and operat
PMID 23636116

Autogenous bone combined with anorganic bovine bone for maxillary sinus augmentation: analysis of the osteogenic potential of cells derived from the donor and the grafted sites.

de Melo WM1, de Oliveira FS, Marcantonio E Jr, Beloti MM, de Oliveira PT, Rosa AL.Author information 1School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.AbstractOBJECTIVES: This study aimed to comparatively evaluate the in vitro osteogenic potential of cells obtained from the mandibular ramus (MR, autogenous bone donor site) and from the maxillary sinus (MS) bone grafted with a mixture of anorganic bovine bone (ABB) and MR prior to titanium implant placement (MS, grafted implant site).
Clinical oral implants research.Clin Oral Implants Res.2014 May;25(5):603-9. doi: 10.1111/clr.12100. Epub 2013 Jan 7.
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to comparatively evaluate the in vitro osteogenic potential of cells obtained from the mandibular ramus (MR, autogenous bone donor site) and from the maxillary sinus (MS) bone grafted with a mixture of anorganic bovine bone (ABB) and MR prior to titanium implant placemen
PMID 23289911

Japanese Journal

下顎枝垂直骨切り術 : 手術術式 (第56回総会シンポジウム顎変形症の標準手術)

山口好則
日本口腔外科学会雑誌 58(8), 462-472, 2012-08
NAID 40019421406

Maxillary stability after le Fort i osteotomy using three different plate systems

Ueki Koichiro,Okabe Katsuhiko,Moroi Akinori,Marukawa Kohei,Sotobori Megumi,Ishihara Yuri,Nakagawa Kiyomasa
International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 41(8), 942-948, 2012-08
… All patients underwent Le Fort I osteotomy and bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy. …
NAID 120004419379