WordNet

after death or after an event; "a postmortem examination to determine the cause of death"; "the postmortem discussion of the Presidents TV address"
discussion of an event after it has occurred (同)post-mortem
occurring or done after death; "postmortem changes"; "a postmortem examination to determine cause of death"; "postmortal wounds" (同)postmortal
a state of fury so great the face becomes discolored

PrepTutorEJDIC

死後の,検死の / 事後の / 死体解剖,検死 / 事後の検討

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/03/06 12:42:36」(JST)

wiki en

Livor mortis (Latin: livor—"bluish color," mortis—"of death"), postmortem lividity (Latin: postmortem—"after death", lividity—"black and blue"), hypostasis (Greek: hypo, meaning "under, beneath"; stasis, meaning "a standing"^[1]^[2]) or suggillation, is one of the signs of death. Livor mortis is a settling of the blood in the lower (dependent) portion of the body, causing a purplish red discoloration of the skin. When the heart stops functioning and is no longer agitating the blood, heavy red blood cells sink through the serum by action of gravity.

Livor mortis starts twenty minutes to three hours after death and is congealed in the capillaries in four to five hours. Maximum lividity occurs within 6–12 hours. The blood pools into the interstitial tissues of the body. The intensity of the color depends upon the amount of reduced hemoglobin in the blood. The discoloration does not occur in the areas of the body that are in contact with the ground or another object, in which capillaries are compressed. As the vessel walls become permeable due to decomposition, blood leaks through them and stains the tissue. This is the reason for fixation of hypostasis.

Livor mortis in a corpse.

Coroners can use the presence or absence of livor mortis as a means of determining an approximate time of death. The presence of livor mortis is also an indication of when it would be futile to begin CPR, or when it would be ineffective to continue if it is in progress. It can also be used by forensic investigators to determine whether or not a body has been moved - for instance, if the body is found lying face down but the pooling is present on the deceased's back, investigators can conclude that the body was originally positioned face up.

§Notes and references

^ http://www.thefreedictionary.com/hypostasis
^ http://www.thefreedictionary.com/hypo-

Calixto Machado, "Brain death: a reappraisal", Springer, 2007, ISBN 0-387-38975-X, p. 74
Robert G. Mayer, "Embalming: history, theory, and practice", McGraw-Hill Professional, 2005, ISBN 0-07-143950-1, pp. 106–109
Anthony J. Bertino "Forensic Science: Fundamentals and Investigations" South-Western Cengage Learning, 2008, ISBN 978-0-538-44586-3

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 成人外傷患者における入院前のケア prehospital care of the adult trauma patient
2. SIDSを含む乳児の予期せぬ死亡：初期マネージメント sudden unexpected infant death including sids initial management
3. アナフィラキシーの臨床診断を裏付ける臨床検査 laboratory tests to support the clinical diagnosis of anaphylaxis
4. 先天性代謝異常：個々の障害の発見 inborn errors of metabolism identifying the specific disorder
5. 狂犬病の臨床的特徴および診断 clinical manifestations and diagnosis of rabies

Japanese Journal

Estimation of postmortem interval based on the spectrophotometric analysis of postmortem lividity

Legal medicine 12(1), 19-22, 2010-01-01
NAID 10027575600

死斑面積の数量化による死後経過時間推定への応用

北里医学 18(5), 525-535, 1988-10-31
NAID 110004693675

死斑退色度検査の新改良法による死後経過時間推定への応用

北里医学 15(1), 50-60, 1985-02-28
NAID 110004693230

「早期死体現象」

Stages of death
	Pallor mortis; Algor mortis; Rigor mortis; Livor mortis; Putrefaction; Decomposition; Skeletonization
	v; t; e;

　　[★]

英: early postmortem change, postmortem phenomena at early stage
関: 死体現象

早期死体現象

死の確徴。これに該当する変化が見られれば、蘇生行為を行う意味はないとされる。
死亡時刻の推定に有意義である(特に1-3)。
1. 死斑 postmortem lividity、血液就下 hypostasis

死後1-2時間で発現、5-6時間で著明、12-15時間で最高。死後5-6時間以内の体位変化で死斑の移動。8-10時間くらいまでは死斑が移動しうる。死後12時間くらいまでは死斑を圧迫すると消失。死後24時間以降は消退しなくなる(SLE.263)

2. 死後硬直

死後2-3時間で発現(顎関節、頚関節→上肢関節→下肢関節)。6-8時間で全身の関節に及ぶ。12-15時間で最高となる。死後1日から1日半持続。30-36時間で発現した順序に従って緩解が始まる。夏2-3日、冬4-5日で完全に緩解、消失(SLE.263)

3. 体温の降下(死体冷却)　→　低体温の場合がある。

死体の直腸温：死後1-2時間は殆ど低下しない。10-12時間までは直線的かつ急激に低下。以降、気温とゆるかやに平衡に達する。(SLE.265)
1時点測定法：死後10時間までは1時間あたり1度低下、10-20時間までは0.5時間低下するとして推定。夏：1.4倍、冬：0.7倍、太った人：1.2倍、やせた人：0.8倍。(SLE.266)