視床下部-下垂体門脈系
WordNet
- turn or go to the port or left side, of a ship; "The big ship was slowly porting"
- an opening (in a wall or ship or armored vehicle) for firing through (同)embrasure, porthole
- sweet dark-red dessert wine originally from Portugal (同)port wine
- a place (seaport or airport) where people and merchandise can enter or leave a country
- located on the left side of a ship or aircraft (同)larboard
- bring to port; "the captain ported the ship at night"
- carry or hold with both hands diagonally across the body, especially of weapons; "port a rifle"
- carry, bear, convey, or bring; "The small canoe could be ported easily"
- drink port; "We were porting all in the club after dinner"
- land at or reach a port; "The ship finally ported"
- modify (software) for use on a different machine or platform
- put or turn on the left side, of a ship; "port the helm"
- (physical chemistry) a sample of matter in which substances in different phases are in equilibrium; "in a static system oil cannot be replaced by water on a surface"; "a system generating hydrogen peroxide"
- instrumentality that combines interrelated interacting artifacts designed to work as a coherent entity; "he bought a new stereo system"; "the system consists of a motor and a small computer"
- a group of independent but interrelated elements comprising a unified whole; "a vast system of production and distribution and consumption keep the country going" (同)scheme
- a complex of methods or rules governing behavior; "they have to operate under a system they oppose"; "that language has a complex system for indicating gender" (同)system of rules
- a group of physiologically or anatomically related organs or parts; "the body has a system of organs for digestion"
- a procedure or process for obtaining an objective; "they had to devise a system that did not depend on cooperation"
- the living body considered as made up of interdependent components forming a unified whole; "exercise helped him get the alcohol out of his system"
- of or relating to the pituitary gland; "pituitary hormone"
- the master gland of the endocrine system; located at the base of the brain (同)pituitary_gland, pituitary body, hypophysis
- a grand and imposing entrance (often extended metaphorically); "the portals of the cathedral"; "the portals of heaven"; "the portals of success"
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 〈C〉〈U〉『港』 / 〈C〉『港町』,『港市』
- (船の)左舷(さげん);(飛行機の)(機首に向かって)左側 / 左舷の,左側の / 〈かじなど〉‘を'左舷に向ける
- =porthole / (船の)荷役口 / (装甲車・城壁などの)銃眼,砲門
- ポートワイン(ポルトガル原産の甘口のぶどう酒で深紅色)
- 控え銃(つつ)の姿勢(銃をからだの正面に斜めに保持し先端が左肩の近くにくる) / 〈銃など〉‘を'控え銃にする
- 〈C〉(関連した部分から成る)『体系』,系統,組織[網],装置 / 〈C〉(教育・政治などの)『制度』,機構;《the~》体制 / 〈C〉(思想・学問などの)『体系』,学説 / 〈C〉(…の)『方法』,方式,やり方《+of doing》 / 〈U〉正しい方針(筋道,順序) / 〈U〉《the~》(身体の)組織,系統 / 〈U〉《the~,one's~》身体,全身
- 脳下垂体の(から得られた) / =pituitary gland
- 〈C〉(堂々とした)門,入り口 / 《複数形》《文》(大きな建物の)正門,表玄関 / 《複数形》《文》(…の)発端《+『of』+『名』》
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2015/06/08 23:33:49」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
Hypophyseal portal system |
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Details |
Latin |
Venae portales hypophysiales |
Dorlands
/Elsevier |
s_33/12787512 |
Anatomical terminology |
The hypophyseal portal system is a system of blood vessels in the brain that connects the hypothalamus with the anterior pituitary. Its main function is the transport and exchange of hormones to allow a fast communication between both glands. The fenestrated structure of capillaries in the hypophyseal portal system facilitates a rapid exchange between the hypothalamus and the pituitary, with only a small amount of hormones needed to stimulate an accurate effect in the respective target organs in the body.
Peptides released near the median eminence from hypothalamic nuclei are transported to the anterior pituitary, where they apply their effects. Branches from the internal carotid artery provide the blood supply to the pituitary. The superior hypophyseal arteries form the primary capillary plexus that supplies blood to the median eminence. From this capillary system, the blood is drained in hypophyseal portal veins into the secondary plexus. The peptides released at the median eminence enter the primary plexus capillaries. From there, they are transported to the anterior pituitary via hypophyseal portal veins to the secondary plexus. The secondary plexus is a network of fenestrated sinusoid capillaries that provide blood to the anterior pituitary. The cells of the anterior pituitary express specific G protein-coupled receptors that bind to the neuropeptides, activating intracellular second messenger cascades that produce the release of anterior pituitary hormones.[1]
Contents
- 1 Structure
- 2 Clinical significance
- 3 See also
- 4 References
- 5 External links
Structure
The blood supply and direction of flow in the hypophyseal portal system has been studied over several years on human cadaver specimens with injection methods. Results of these studies have shown that the neural hypophyseal stalk receives arterial blood from ascending and descending infundibular branches, coming from the arteries of the superior hypophyseal arterial system. Small ascending vessels arising from the anastomoses that connect the upper with the lower hypophyseal arterial system also supply blood to hypophyseal vessels. The majority of these branches penetrate into the neural tissue to break up into capillaries for rapid hormone exchange.[1]
Development
Proper hormone secretion in the developing fetus is crucial for its growth in the womb of the mother. In order to allow a controlled hormone secretion in the developing organs of the fetus, stimulating hormones must be exchanged in the regulating structures in the brain in early stages of the development. Hormone-exchanging blood vessels between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland, similar to those of the hypophyseal portal system, can be observed in early developmental stages of the fetus. A study performed on ovine fetuses, about 48-67 days of gestation, showed extensive and very well-developed capillary connections between the median eminence, the pituitary stalk, and the pituitary gland. In some of the fetuses, portal capillary loops had penetrated into the median eminence. These findings suggest that, in the ovine fetus, hypothalamic releasing hormones can be transported directly via a portal vascular way to the pituitary gland that develops as early as 45 days of gestation. These experimental results give evidence for an early development of what is later the fully developed hypophysial portal system. 4,5,6
Clinical significance
Over- or under-function as well as insufficiencies of the hypothalamus or the pituitary gland can cause a negative effect on the ability of the hypophyseal portal system to exchange hormones between both structures rapidly. This can have major effects on the respective target glands, making it impossible for them to carry out their functions properly. Occlusions and other issues in the blood vessels of the hypophysial portal system can also cause complications in the exchange of hormones between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland.
See also
- This article uses anatomical terminology; for an overview, see anatomical terminology.
References
- ^ a b Molina, Patricia.E. (2010). Endocrine Physiology. Lange. (3, p. 31). ISBN 978-0-07-161301-9.
External links
- http://www.llu.edu/llu/medicine/anatomy/glossary/ans102_109.html#Q103
- http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/endocrine/hypopit/anatomy.html
Veins of the head and neck
|
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External jugular |
Retromandibular |
- maxillary
- superficial temporal
|
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Direct |
- posterior auricular
- transverse cervical
- suprascapular
- anterior jugular
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|
|
Internal jugular |
Diploic/brain |
Cerebral |
Superficial: |
- superior
- superficial middle
- inferior
- inferior anastomotic (Labbé)
- superior anastomotic (Trolard)
|
|
Deep: |
- great
- internal
- basal
- deep middle
- superior thalamostriate
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|
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Cerebellar |
|
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Sinuses |
To COS |
- superior sagittal
- straight
- occipital
|
|
To CS |
- sphenoparietal
- intercavernous
- superior ophthalmic
- ethmoidal
- central retinal
- nasofrontal
- vorticose veins
- inferior ophthalmic
|
|
To IJV |
- sigmoid: transverse
- superior petrosal
- inferior petrosal
- basilar plexus
- internal auditory veins
- condylar
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|
|
|
Facial/common facial |
- frontal
- supraorbital
- angular
- superior labial
- inferior labial
- deep facial
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Direct |
- lingual
- dorsal lingual
- deep lingual
- sublingual
- pharyngeal
- superior thyroid
- middle thyroid
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|
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Brachiocephalic |
Vertebral |
- occipital
- suboccipital venous plexus
- deep cervical
|
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Direct |
|
|
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Index of the circulatory system
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|
Description |
- Anatomy
- Arteries
- head and neck
- arms
- chest
- abdomen
- legs
- Veins
- head and neck
- arms
- chest
- abdomen and pelvis
- legs
- Development
- Cells
- Physiology
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Disease |
- Congenital
- Neoplasms and cancer
- Lymphatic vessels
- Injury
- Vasculitis
- Other
- Symptoms and signs
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Treatment |
- Procedures
- Drugs
- beta blockers
- channel blockers
- diuretics
- nonsympatholytic vasodilatory antihypertensives
- peripheral vasodilators
- renin–angiotensin system
- sympatholytic antihypertensives
- vasoprotectives
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Anatomy of the endocrine system
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Pituitary gland |
Anterior |
- Pars intermedia
- Pars tuberalis
- Pars distalis
- Acidophil cell
- Somatotropic cell
- Prolactin cell
- Basophil cell
- Corticotropic cell
- Gonadotropic cell
- Thyrotropic cell
- Chromophobe cell
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Posterior |
- Pars nervosa
- Median eminence
- Stalk
- Pituicyte
- Herring bodies
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Thyroid gland |
- Thyroid isthmus
- Follicular cell
- Parafollicular cell
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Parathyroid gland |
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Adrenal gland |
Cortex |
- Zona glomerulosa
- Zona fasciculata
- Zona reticularis
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Medulla |
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Gonads |
- Testicle
- Ovary
- Theca interna
- Granulosa cell
- Corpus luteum
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Islets of pancreas |
- Alpha cell
- Beta cell
- Delta cell
- PP cell
- Epsilon cell
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Pineal gland |
- Pinealocyte
- Corpora arenacea
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Other |
- Enteroendocrine cell
- Paraganglia
- Placenta
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Index of hormones
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Description |
- Glands
- Hormones
- thyroid
- mineralocorticoids
- Physiology
- Development
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Disease |
- Diabetes
- Congenital
- Neoplasms and cancer
- Other
- Symptoms and signs
|
|
Treatment |
- Procedures
- Drugs
- calcium balance
- corticosteroids
- oral hypoglycemics
- pituitary and hypothalamic
- thyroid
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|
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UpToDate Contents
全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.
English Journal
- Progress and Challenges in the Search for the Mechanisms of Pulsatile Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Secretion.
- Constantin S1.
- Frontiers in endocrinology.Front Endocrinol (Lausanne).2017 Jul 24;8:180. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00180. eCollection 2017.
- PMID 28790978
- Alteration in the relationship between tanycytes and gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) neurosecretory terminals following long-term metabolic manipulation in the sheep.
- Pouchain Ribeiro Neto R1, Clarke IJ1, Conductier G1.
- Journal of neuroendocrinology.J Neuroendocrinol.2017 Jul 19. doi: 10.1111/jne.12509. [Epub ahead of print]
- PMID 28722251
- Endothelial immunocytochemical expression of pituitary IL-1β and its relation to ACTH-positive cells is regulated by corticosterone in the male rat.
- Iglesias-Osma MC1, Blanco EJ2, Carretero-Hernández M3, García-Barrado MJ1, Catalano-Iniesta L1, Carretero M4, Sánchez-Robledo V1, Carretero J5.
- Cytokine.Cytokine.2017 Jul 1;99:9-17. doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.06.020. [Epub ahead of print]
- PMID 28675823
Japanese Journal
- 森林セラピーによる「精神心理・神経系-内分泌系-免疫系」ネットワークへの影響
- ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF THE NEURONS AND THE AGRANULAR CELLS IN THE PARS TUBERALIS AND "TRANSITIONAL ZONE" OF THE PITUITARY GLAND
- Gonadotropin Releasing Hormones and their Receptors in Avian Species
Related Links
- system (1) A group of related components that interact to perform a task. (2) A "computer system" is made up of the CPU, operating system and peripheral devices. All desktop computers, laptop computers, network servers ...
- Pronunciation of Pituitary portal system. Translations of Pituitary portal system. Pituitary portal system synonyms, Pituitary portal system antonyms. Information about Pituitary portal system in the free online English dictionary ...
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- pituitary portal system, hypothalamo-hypophysial portal system, hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system
- 関
- 視床下部、下垂体門脈、下垂体門脈系
[★]
- 関
- method、series、strain
[★]
- 関
- gateway
[★]
- 関
- hypophyses、hypophysis、pituitary gland
[★]
- 関
- portal vein