過ヨウ素酸

関: periodate

WordNet

a unit of geological time during which a system of rocks formed; "ganoid fishes swarmed during the earlier geological periods" (同)geological period
(ice hockey) one of three divisions into which play is divided in hockey games
the end or completion of something; "death put a period to his endeavors"; "a change soon put a period to my tranquility"
the interval taken to complete one cycle of a regularly repeating phenomenon
a punctuation mark (.) placed at the end of a declarative sentence to indicate a full stop or after abbreviations; "in England they call a period a stop" (同)point, full_stop, stop, full point
street name for lysergic acid diethylamide (同)back breaker, battery-acid, dose, dot, Elvis, loony toons, Lucy in the sky with diamonds, pane, superman, window pane, Zen
any of various water-soluble compounds having a sour taste and capable of turning litmus red and reacting with a base to form a salt
having the characteristics of an acid; "an acid reaction"
happening or recurring at regular intervals; "the periodic appearance of the seventeen-year locust" (同)periodical
recurring or reappearing from time to time; "periodic feelings of anxiety" (同)occasional

PrepTutorEJDIC

(あることが続く)『期間』 / (歴史的な)『時代』 / (試合の)『一区切り』,ピリオド / 授業時間,時限: / (循環して起こる現象などの)周期 / (回転運動などの)周期 / 紀(地質時代の区分の一つ;era(代)の下,epoch(世)の上) / 《おもに米》『ピリオド』,終止符(《英》full stop;Mr.,U.S.など略語の符号(.)も含む) / 《複数形で》《文》掉尾(とうび)文(多くの節から成り,論理的に緊密な構成をもっている文) / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》ある時代[特有]の,時代物の / (文の終わりに感嘆詞的に)以上,終わり・月経（期間）
酸性の / 酸味のある,すっぱい(sour) / (言葉・態度などが)厳しい,しんらつな / 酸 / すっぱいもの / 《俗》=LSD
定期的な,周期的な / ときぎき起こる: / 掉尾(とうび)的の:

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/06/24 04:36:55」(JST)

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Periodic acid (pronounced per-iodic /ˌpɜr.aɪˈɒdɨk/ PURR-eye-OH-dik, rather than /ˌpɪərɪˈɒdɨk/ PEER-ee-OD-ik as in periodic table) is the highest oxoacid of iodine, in which the iodine exists in oxidation state VII. Like all periodates it can exist in 2 forms: orthoperiodic acid, with the chemical formula H₅IO₆ and metaperiodic acid, which has the formula HIO₄.

Periodic acid was discovered by Heinrich Gustav Magnus and C. F. Ammermüller in 1833.^[2]

Synthesis

Modern industrial scale production involves the electrochemical oxidation of iodic acid, on a PbO₂ anode, with the following standard electrode potential:

H₅IO₆ + H⁺ + 2 e⁻ → IO₃⁻ + 3 H₂O 1.6 E° ^[3]

Orthoperiodic acid can be dehydrated to give metaperiodic acid by heating to 100 °C

HIO₄ + 2H₂O H₅IO₆

Further heating to around 150 °C gives Iodine pentoxide (I₂O₅) rather than the expected anhydride diiodine heptoxide (I₂O₇). Metaperiodic acid can also be prepared by from various orthoperiodates by treatment with dilute nitric acid.^[4]

H₅IO₆ → HIO₄ + 2 H₂O

Properties

Orthoperiodic acid has a number of acid dissociation constants.^[5]^[6] The pKa of meta periodic acid has not been determined.

H₅IO₆ ↔ H₄IO₆⁻ + H⁺, pKa = 3.29

H₄IO₆⁻ ↔ H₃IO₆²⁻ + H⁺, pKa = 8.31

H₃IO₆²⁻ ↔ H₂IO₆³⁻ + H⁺, pKa = 11.60

There being two forms of periodic acid, it follows that two types of periodate salts are formed. For example, sodium metaperiodate, NaIO₄, can be synthesised from HIO₄ while sodium orthoperiodate, Na₅IO₆ can be synthesised from H₅IO₆.

Structure

Orthoperiodic acid forms monoclinic crystals (space group P2₁/_n) consisting of slightly deformed IO₆ octahedron interlinked via bridging hydrogens.^[7] The crystal structure of metaperiodic acid also includes IO₆ octahedron, however these are connected via cis-edge-sharing with bridging oxygens to form one-dimensional infinite chains.^[8]

Reactions

Like all periodates periodic acid can be used to cleave various 1,2-difunctional compounds. Most notably periodic acid will cleave vicinal diols into two aldehyde or ketone fragments.

This can be useful in determining the structure of carbohydrates as periodic acid can be used to open saccharide rings. This process is often used in labeling saccharides with fluorescent molecules or other tags such as biotin. Because the process requires vicinal diols, periodate oxidation is often used to selectively label the 3'-termini of RNA (ribose has vicinal diols) instead of DNA as deoxyribose does not have vicinal diols.

Periodic acid is also used in as an oxidising agent of moderate strength.

Other oxyacids

Periodate is part of a series of oxyacids in which iodine can assume oxidation states of −1, +1, +3, +5, or +7. A number of neutral iodine oxides are also known.

Iodine oxidation state	−1	+1	+3	+5	+7
Name	Hydrogen iodide	Hypoiodous acid	Iodous acid	Iodic acid	Periodic acid
Formula	HI	HIO	HIO₂	HIO₃	HIO₄ or H₅IO₆

References

^ Aylett, founded by A.F. Holleman ; continued by Egon Wiberg ; translated by Mary Eagleson, William Brewer ; revised by Bernhard J. (2001). Inorganic chemistry (1st English ed., [edited] by Nils Wiberg. ed.). San Diego, Calif. : Berlin: Academic Press, W. de Gruyter. p. 453. ISBN 0123526515.
^ Ammermüller, F.; Magnus, G. (1833). "Ueber eine neue Verbindung des Jods mit Sauerstoff, die Ueberjodsäure". Annalen der Physik und Chemie (in German) 104 (7): 514–525. doi:10.1002/andp.18331040709.
^ Parsons, Roger (1959). Handbook of electrochemical constants. Butterworths Scientific Publications Ltd. p. 71.
^ Riley, edited by Georg Brauer ; translated by Scripta Technica, Inc. Translation editor Reed F. (1963). Handbook of preparative inorganic chemistry. Volume 1 (2nd ed. ed.). New York, N.Y.: Academic Press. pp. 323–324. ISBN 012126601X.
^ Aylett, founded by A.F. Holleman ; continued by Egon Wiberg ; translated by Mary Eagleson, William Brewer ; revised by Bernhard J. (2001). Inorganic chemistry (1st English ed., [edited] by Nils Wiberg. ed.). San Diego, Calif. : Berlin: Academic Press, W. de Gruyter. p. 454. ISBN 0123526515.
^ Burgot, Jean-Louis. Ionic equilibria in analytical chemistry. New York: Springer. p. 358. ISBN 1441983821.
^ Feikema, Y. D. (10 June 1966). "The crystal structures of two oxy-acids of iodine. I. A study of orthoperiodic acid, H5IO6, by neutron diffraction". Acta Crystallographica 20 (6): 765–769. doi:10.1107/S0365110X66001828.
^ Kraft, Thorsten; Jansen, Martin (1 September 1997). "Crystal Structure Determination of Metaperiodic Acid, HIO4, with Combined X-Ray and Neutron Diffraction". Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 36 (16): 1753–1754. doi:10.1002/anie.199717531.

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「periodate」「過ヨウ素酸」
拡張検索	「periodic acid Schiff reagent」「periodic acid Schiff reaction」「periodic acid Schiff stain」「periodic acid‐Schiff reagent」
関連記事	「periodic」「period」

「periodate」

Periodic acid
	Orthoperiodic acid
	Metaperiodic acid
Names
	Other names Paraperiodic acid; Iodic(VII) acid; Hydrogen periodate;
Identifiers
CAS Registry Number	10450-60-9 (orthoperiodic) ; 13444-71-8 (metaperiodic)
ChemSpider	23622 (orthoperiodic) ; 58684 (metaperiodic)
	InChI InChI=I=1S/H5IO6/c2-1(3,4,5,6)7/h(H5,2,3,4,5,6,7) (orthoperiodic); Key: TWLXDPFBEPBAQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ; InChI=1/HIO4/c2-1(3,4)5/h(H,2,3,4,5) (metaperiodic); Key: KHIWWQKSHDUIBK-UHFFFAOYAH ;
Jmol-3D images	Image (orthoperiodic); Image (metaperiodic)
PubChem	25289 (orthoperiodic); 65185 (metaperiodic)
	SMILES OI(=O)(O)(O)(O)O (orthoperiodic) ; OI(O)(O)(O)(O)=O (metaperiodic) ;
Properties
Chemical formula	H5IO6 (orthoperiodic); HIO4 (metaperiodic)
Molar mass	227.941 g/mol (H5IO6); 190.91 g/mol (HIO4)
Appearance	Colourless crystals
Density	1.4 kg/m3 (orthoperiodic)
Melting point	128.5 °C (263.3 °F; 401.6 K)
Solubility	soluble in water, alcohols
Hazards
Safety data sheet	External MSDS
EU classification	Oxidizer (O), Toxic (T), Corrosive (C)
R-phrases	R23 R24 R25 R34 R41
NFPA 704	0 3 0 OX
Related compounds
Other anions	Perchloric acid HClO4; Perbromic acid HBrO4; Permanganic acid HMnO4; Telluric acid Te(OH)6; perxenic acid Xe(OH)6;
Other cations	Sodium periodate; Potassium periodate;
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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	Infobox references