WordNet

(football) a ball carrier who tries to gain ground by throwing a forward pass (同)forward passer
a person who passes as a member of a different ethnic or racial group
a student who passes an examination
relating to or characteristic of the passeriform birds
perching birds mostly small and living near the ground with feet having 4 toes arranged to allow for gripping the perch; most are songbirds; hatchlings are helpless (同)passeriform bird
a person who passes by casually or by chance (同)passer-by, passer
chiefly arboreal birds especially of the order Coraciiformes
transfer to another; of rights or property; "Our house passed under his official control"
a bad or difficult situation or state of affairs (同)strait, straits
(military) a written leave of absence; "he had a pass for three days"
(American football) a play that involves one player throwing the ball to a teammate; "the coach sent in a passing play on third and long" (同)passing play, passing game, passing
(sports) the act of throwing the ball to another member of your team; "the pass was fumbled" (同)toss, flip
a flight or run by an aircraft over a target; "the plane turned to make a second pass"
a difficult juncture; "a pretty pass"; "matters came to a head yesterday" (同)head, straits
a document indicating permission to do something without restrictions; "the media representatives had special passes" (同)laissez passer
a permit to enter or leave a military installation; "he had to show his pass in order to get out" (同)liberty chit
the location in a range of mountains of a geological formation that is lower than the surrounding peaks; "we got through the pass before it started to snow" (同)mountain pass, notch
any authorization to pass or go somewhere; "the pass to visit had a strict time limit" (同)passport
a complimentary ticket; "the star got passes for his family"
one complete cycle of operations (as by a computer); "it was not possible to complete the computation in a single pass"
go unchallenged; be approved; "The bill cleared the House" (同)clear
go across or through; "We passed the point where the police car had parked"; "A terrible thought went through his mind" (同)go_through, go across
place into the hands or custody of; "hand me the spoon, please"; "Turn the files over to me, please"; "He turned over the prisoner to his lawyers" (同)hand, reach, pass_on, turn_over, give
go successfully through a test or a selection process; "She passed the new Jersey Bar Exam and can practice law now" (同)make it
cause to pass; "She passed around the plates" (同)make pass
travel past; "The sports car passed all the trucks" (同)overtake, overhaul
accept or judge as acceptable; "The teacher passed the student although he was weak"
allow to go without comment or censure; "the insult passed as if unnoticed"
throw (a ball) to another player; "Smith passed"
type genus of the Passeridae (同)genus Passer

PrepTutorEJDIC

通過する人(物);通りがかりの人 / 試験合格者
スズメの目の,燕雀(えんじゃく)目に属する / スズメ目の鳥(ヒバリなどを含む)
通りすがりの人,通行人
[家宅]侵入者;違犯者
『通り過ぎる』,通る / 〈時間が〉『過ぎる』,過ぎ去る / 〈交通機関・道などが〉通っている / 消え去る,なくなる:《遠回しに》死ぬ / (障害・試験などで)『通過する』,『合格する』 / 〈法案などが〉通過する,可決される / 〈事が〉起こる / 移る,変わる / 〈言葉などが〉交わされる,やりとりされる / (…として)通用する《+『as』(『for』)+『名』》 / (球技で)パスする / (カードゲームで)パスする,自分の番を見送る / …‘を'『通り過ぎる』,‘の'そばを通る / 〈試験など〉‘に'『合格する』;〈人〉‘を'『合格させる』 / …‘を'『手渡す』,回す;…‘を'伝える / …‘を'『通過させる』,動かす / 〈ある点・程度など〉‘を'『越える』;〈歩行者・車など〉‘を'『追い抜く』 / 〈時〉‘を'『過ごす』;…‘を'経験する / 〈法案など〉‘を'『通す』;〈法案などが〉〈議会など〉‘を'通過する / (…に対して)〈判決・批評など〉‘を'下す,述べる《+『名』+『on』(『upon』)+『名』》 / 〈ボール・パック〉‘を'味方の選手に送る,パスする / 出入許可[証];無料入場券;(鉄道などの)[フリー]パス / (試験の)合格,及第 / 山道,峠;細道,抜け道 / 《話》《a~》困った状況,危機 / (奇術・ふき掃除などの)手の動き,手つき / (球技で)送球,パス;(野球で)四球による出塁 / (カードゲームで)パス
時代遅れの(out-of-date);(特に女性が)盛りを過ぎた

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/10/07 23:05:26」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

For the river in northern Italy, see Passer (river).

Holozoa

Passer is a genus of sparrows native to the Old World, also known as the true sparrows. The genus includes the House Sparrow and Eurasian Tree Sparrow, some of the most common birds in the world. These sparrows are plump little brown or greyish birds, often with black, yellow or white markings. Typically 10–20 centimetres (3.9–7.9 in) long, they range in size from the Chestnut Sparrow (Passer eminibey), at 11.4 centimetres (4.5 in) and 13.4 grams (0.47 oz), to the Parrot-billed Sparrow (Passer gongonensis), at 18 centimetres (7.1 in) and 42 grams (1.5 oz).^[1]^[2] They have strong, stubby conical beaks with decurved culmens and blunter tips.^[3] All species have calls similar to the House Sparrow's chirrup or tschilp call, and some, though not the House Sparrow, have elaborate songs.

Most of its members are found naturally in open habitats in the warmer climates of Africa and southern Eurasia. According to a molecular study published in 2001, the genus originated in Africa and Cape Sparrow is the most basal lineage.^[4] Several species have adapted to human habitation, and this has enabled the House Sparrow in particular, in close association with humans, to extend its Eurasian range well beyond what was probably its original home in the Middle East.^[5] Apart from this natural colonisation, the House Sparrow has been introduced to many parts of the world outside its natural range, including the Americas, sub-Saharan Africa, and Australia. The Eurasian Tree Sparrow has also been artificially introduced on a smaller scale, with populations in Australia and locally in Missouri and Illinois in the United States.^[5]

Passer sparrows build an untidy nest, which, depending on species and nest site availability, may be in a bush or tree, a natural hole in a tree, in a building or in thatch, or in the fabric of the nest of species such as the White Stork. The clutch of up to eight eggs is incubated by both parents typically for 12–14 days, with another 14–24 more days to fledging.

Passer sparrows are primarily ground-feeding seed-eaters, though they also consume small insects especially when breeding. A few species, like the House Sparrow and Northern Grey-headed Sparrow scavenge for food around cities, and are almost omnivorous.^[6] Most Passer species are gregarious and will form substantial flocks.^[1]

Species list

A mixed group of Passer sparrows containing a Eurasian Tree Sparrow, a male House Sparrow, and female House or Spanish Sparrows, feeding on grain in the town of Baikonur, Kazakhstan

A male House Sparrow feeding a fledgeling

These are the species recognised by the Handbook of the Birds of the World,^[7] except for the Abd al-Kuri Sparrow, the split of which from the Socotra Sparrow was recognised by BirdLife International in 2010.^[8] Besides these living species, some questionable fossils as early as the Early Miocene are known,^[9] and the Middle Pleistocene fossil species Passer predomesticus.

Saxaul Sparrow, Passer ammodendri
House Sparrow, Passer domesticus
Italian Sparrow, Passer italiae
Spanish Sparrow, Passer hispaniolensis
Sind Sparrow, Passer pyrrhonotus
Somali Sparrow, Passer castanopterus
Russet Sparrow or Cinnamon Sparrow, Passer rutilans
Plain-backed Sparrow or Pegu Sparrow, Passer flaveolus
Dead Sea Sparrow, Passer moabiticus
Iago Sparrow or Cape Verde Sparrow, Passer iagoensis
Great Sparrow, Passer motitensis
Kenya Sparrow, Passer rufocinctus
Kordofan Sparrow, Passer cordofanicus
Shelley's Sparrow, Passer shelleyi
Socotra Sparrow, Passer insularis
Abd al-Kuri Sparrow, Passer hemileucus
Cape Sparrow or Mossie, Passer melanurus
Northern Grey-headed Sparrow, Passer griseus
Swainson's Sparrow, Passer swainsonii
Parrot-billed Sparrow, Passer gongonensis
Swahili Sparrow, Passer suahelicus
Southern Grey-headed Sparrow, Passer diffusus
Desert Sparrow, Passer simplex
Eurasian Tree Sparrow, Passer montanus
Sudan Golden Sparrow, Passer luteus
Arabian Golden Sparrow, Passer euchlorus
Chestnut Sparrow, Passer eminibey

References

^ ^a ^b Clement, Harris & Davis 1993, p. 442
^ Bledsoe, A. H.; Payne, R. B. (1991). Forshaw, Joseph. ed. Encyclopaedia of Animals: Birds. London: Merehurst Press. pp. 222. ISBN 1-85391-186-0.
^ Groschupf, Kathleen (2001). "Old World Sparrows". In Elphick, Chris; Dunning, Jr., John B.; Sibley, David. The Sibley Guide to Bird Life and Behaviour. London: Christopher Helm. pp. 562–564. ISBN 0-7136-6250-6.
^ Allende, Luise M.; Rubio, Isabel; Ruiz del Valle, Valentin; Guillén, Jesus; Martínez-Laso, Jorge; Lowy, Ernesto; Varela, Pilar; Zamora, Jorge et al. (2001). "The Old World sparrows (genus Passer) phylogeography and their relative abundance of nuclear mtDNA pseudogenes" (PDF). Journal of Molecular Evolution 53 (2): 144–154. PMID 11479685. Archived from the original on 21 July 2011. http://web.archive.org/web/20110721034443/http://chopo.pntic.mec.es/~biolmol/publicaciones/Passer.pdf.
^ ^a ^b Summers-Smith, J. D. (1990). "Changes in distribution and habitat utilisation by members of the genus Passer". In Pinowski, J.; and Summers-Smith, J. D.. Granivorous birds in the agricultural landscape. Warszawa: Pánstwowe Wydawnictom Naukowe. pp. 11–29. ISBN 83-01-08460-X.
^ Summers-Smith 1988, pp. 253–255
^ Summers-Smith, J. Denis (2009). "Family Passeridae (Old World Sparrows)". In del Hoyo, Josep; Elliott, Andrew; Christie, David. Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 14: Bush-shrikes to Old World Sparrows. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. ISBN 978-84-96553-50-7.
^ BirdLife International (2010). "Species factsheet: Passer hemileucus". http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/index.html?action=SpcHTMDetails.asp&sid=32537&m=0. Retrieved 24 June 2010.
^ Mlíkovský 2002, p. 247

Works cited

Clement, Peter; Harris, Alan; Davis, John (1993). Finches and Sparrows: an Identification Guide. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-03424-9.
Mlíkovský, Jiří (2002). Cenozoic Birds of the World, Part 1: Europe. Ninox Press. OCLC 156629447. Archived from the original on 6 March 2011. http://www.webcitation.org/5wzfLX4u8.
Summers-Smith, J. Denis (1988). The Sparrows: a study of the genus Passer. illustrated by Robert Gillmor. Calton, Staffs, England: T. & A. D. Poyser. ISBN 0-85661-048-8.

External links

	Book: Passer
Wikipedia books are collections of articles that can be downloaded or ordered in print.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Passer

Passeridae on the Internet Bird Collection

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Local adaptation within a hybrid species.

Eroukhmanoff F, Hermansen JS, Bailey RI, Sæther SA, Sætre GP.SourceCentre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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PMID 23695379

Coping with extreme: highland eurasian tree sparrows with molt-breeding overlap express higher levels of corticoserone-binding globulin than lowland sparrows.

Li D, Zhang J, Liu D, Zhang L, Hu Y, Duan X, Wu Y.SourceKey Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang, China.
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In birds, suppressed expression of stress-induced corticosterone (CORT) during pre-basic molt is generally thought to reflect a physiological trade-off in self-maintenance. And reduced CORT during breeding in extreme environments may maximize reproductive success and optimize their fitness. Highland
PMID 23847036

First data on the genetic diversity of avian haemosporidians in China: cytochrome b lineages of the genera Plasmodium and Haemoproteus (Haemosporida) from Gansu Province.

Zehtindjiev P, Ivanova K, Mariaux J, Georgiev BB.SourceInstitute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Gagarin Street, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria, pavel.zehtindjiev@gmail.com.
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A total of 76 birds belonging to 23 species and 14 families was examined for the presence of Plasmodium spp. and Haemoproteus spp. Birds were trapped at four localities in Gansu Province, China, in June-July 2011. DNA was isolated from blood samples and parasite detection, and identification was bas
PMID 23851731

Exposure pathways of anticoagulant rodenticides to nontarget wildlife.

Elliott JE, Hindmarch S, Albert CA, Emery J, Mineau P, Maisonneuve F.SourceScience and Technology Branch, Environment Canada, Pacific and Yukon Region, Delta, BC, V4K 3N2, Canada, john.elliott@ec.gc.ca.
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Second-generation anticoagulant rodenticides are widely reported to contaminate and poison nontarget wildlife, primarily predatory birds and mammals. Exposure pathways, however, have not been well defined. Here, we examined potential movement of rodenticides from deployment of bait to exposure of sm
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Japanese Journal

整形手術手技大腿骨近位部骨折に対して付属のパッサーを用いた小皮切でのケーブルテクニック

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Variation in Russet Sparrow (Passer cinnamomeus) Breeding Biology in Relation to Small-scale Altitudinal Differences in China

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NAID 40019342024

鳥取大学鳥取キャンパスの鳥類相と季節変動

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… Hypsipetes amaurotis, Passer montanus Streptopelia orientalis Parus major, etc. …
NAID 120003781442

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MORENO-RUEDA Gregorio
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Related Pictures

Graveer Passer met punten passer 1 passer med stilleskrue til Messing passer. - Het Geheugen van Bedankt! ~ juf-hannah passer - Use Grid Metalen passer - Importeur OBUT-BONZINI Talamex Kaart passer recht model PASSER

★リンクテーブル★

「pass」

Passer
	Male Cape Sparrows in Namibia
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Passeriformes
Family:	Passeridae
Genus:	Passer; Brisson, 1760
Species
	See text.
Synonyms
	Pyrgita Cuvier, 1817; Corospiza Bonaparte, 1850; Auripasser Bonaparte, 1851; Sorella Hartlaub, 1880; Ammopasser Zarudny, 1880

　　[★]

n.

流路、通過、通過する、通す、経過する

関: course、cross、elapse、flow pass、lapse、pass through、passage、thread、transit

[Clement442-0] Clement, Harris & Davis 1993, p. 442

[1] Bledsoe, A. H.; Payne, R. B. (1991). Forshaw, Joseph. ed. Encyclopaedia of Animals: Birds. London: Merehurst Press. pp. 222. ISBN 1-85391-186-0.

[2] Groschupf, Kathleen (2001). "Old World Sparrows". In Elphick, Chris; Dunning, Jr., John B.; Sibley, David. The Sibley Guide to Bird Life and Behaviour. London: Christopher Helm. pp. 562–564. ISBN 0-7136-6250-6.

[3] Allende, Luise M.; Rubio, Isabel; Ruiz del Valle, Valentin; Guillén, Jesus; Martínez-Laso, Jorge; Lowy, Ernesto; Varela, Pilar; Zamora, Jorge et al. (2001). "The Old World sparrows (genus Passer) phylogeography and their relative abundance of nuclear mtDNA pseudogenes" (PDF). Journal of Molecular Evolution 53 (2): 144–154. PMID 11479685. Archived from the original on 21 July 2011. http://web.archive.org/web/20110721034443/http://chopo.pntic.mec.es/~biolmol/publicaciones/Passer.pdf.

[dist-changes-4] Summers-Smith, J. D. (1990). "Changes in distribution and habitat utilisation by members of the genus Passer". In Pinowski, J.; and Summers-Smith, J. D.. Granivorous birds in the agricultural landscape. Warszawa: Pánstwowe Wydawnictom Naukowe. pp. 11–29. ISBN 83-01-08460-X.

[Summers253.E2.80.93255-5] Summers-Smith 1988, pp. 253–255

[6] Summers-Smith, J. Denis (2009). "Family Passeridae (Old World Sparrows)". In del Hoyo, Josep; Elliott, Andrew; Christie, David. Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 14: Bush-shrikes to Old World Sparrows. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. ISBN 978-84-96553-50-7.

[7] BirdLife International (2010). "Species factsheet: Passer hemileucus". http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/index.html?action=SpcHTMDetails.asp&sid=32537&m=0. Retrieved 24 June 2010.

[8] Mlíkovský 2002, p. 247

匿名

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案内

passer