WordNet

belonging to immediate experience of actual things or events; "objective benefits"; "an objective example"; "there is no objective evidence of anything of the kind"
the lens or system of lenses in a telescope or microscope that is nearest the object being viewed (同)objective_lens, object lens, object_glass
serving as or indicating the object of a verb or of certain prepositions and used for certain other purposes; "objective case"; "accusative endings" (同)accusative
emphasizing or expressing things as perceived without distortion of personal feelings, insertion of fictional matter, or interpretation; "objective art" (同)documentary
undistorted by emotion or personal bias; based on observable phenomena; "an objective appraisal"; "objective evidence" (同)nonsubjective
express or raise an objection or protest or criticism or express dissent; "She never objected to the amount of work her boss charged her with"; "When asked to drive the truck, she objected that she did not have a drivers license"
a tangible and visible entity; an entity that can cast a shadow; "it was full of rackets, balls and other objects" (同)physical object
(computing) a discrete item that provides a description of virtually anything known to a computer; "in object-oriented programming, objects include data and define its status, its methods of operation and how it interacts with other objects"
(grammar) a constituent that is acted upon; "the object of the verb"
the focus of cognitions or feelings; "objects of thought"; "the object of my affection"
be averse to or express disapproval of; "My wife objects to modern furniture"
scan (game in the forest) with binoculars
the quantity a glass will hold (同)glassful
a brittle transparent solid with irregular atomic structure
put in a glass container
a container for holding liquids while drinking (同)drinking glass
glassware collectively; "She collected old glass"
enclose with glass; "glass in a porch" (同)glass in
furnish with glass; "glass the windows" (同)glaze

PrepTutorEJDIC

(心の中だけでなく)実際に存在する / 客観的な / (文法て)目的格の / 目標,目的 / (文法で)目的格 / 対物レンズ
(見たり,触れたりできる)『物』,物体 / (…の)『対象となる人』(『物』,『事』),(…の)的《+『of』+『名』》 / (…の)『目的』,目当て(aim)《+『of』(『in』)+『名』(do『ing』)》 / (文法で)『目的語』 / (…に)『反対する』,異議を唱える《+『to』(『against』)+『名』(a person's do『ing』,『wh-節』)》 / (…を)いやに思う《+『to』(『against』)+『名』(a person's do『ing』,『wh』‐『節』)》 / 《『object』+『that節』》…‘だと'反対して言う
〈U〉『ガラス』 / 〈C〉(ガラス製の)『コップ』,グラス / 〈C〉(…の)『コップ(グラス)1杯[の量]』(glassful)《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈U〉《集合的に》『ガラス製品』,ガラス器(glassware) / 〈C〉《英話》『鏡』(looking glass) / 〈C〉レンズ;望遠鏡;顕微鏡 / 《複数形で》『眼鏡』(eyeglasses, spectacles) / 〈C〉晴雨計(barometer) / 〈C〉《英》砂時計(sandglass) / …‘に'ガラスをはめる,‘を'ガラスでおおう

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/04/21 20:35:29」(JST)

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Several objective lenses on a microscope.

In optical engineering, the objective is the optical element that gathers light from the object being observed and focuses the light rays to produce a real image. Objectives can be a single lens or mirror, or combinations of several optical elements. They are used in microscopes, telescopes, cameras, slide projectors, CD players and many other optical instruments. Objectives are also called object lenses, object glasses, or objective glasses.

Types

Microscope

The objective lens of a microscope is the one at the bottom near the sample. At its simplest, it is a very high-powered magnifying glass, with very short focal length. This is brought very close to the specimen being examined so that the light from the specimen comes to a focus inside the microscope tube. The objective itself is usually a cylinder containing one or more lenses that are typically made of glass; its function is to collect light from the sample.

Microscope objectives are characterized by two parameters: magnification and numerical aperture. The magnification typically ranges from 4× to 100×. It is combined with the magnification of the eyepiece to determine the overall magnification of the microscope; a 4× objective with a 10× eyepiece produces an image that is 40 times the size of the object. Numerical aperture for microscope lenses typically ranges from 0.10 to 1.25, corresponding to focal lengths of about 40 mm to 2 mm, respectively.

A typical microscope has three or four objective lenses with different magnifications, screwed into a circular "nosepiece" which may be rotated to select the required lens. These lenses are often color coded for easier use. The least powerful lens is called the scanning objective lens, and is typically a 4× objective. The second lens is referred to as the small objective lens and is typically a 10× lens. The most powerful lens out of the three is referred to as the large objective lens and is typically 40–100×. Some microscopes use an oil-immersion or water-immersion lens, which can have magnification greater than 100, and numerical aperture greater than 1. These objectives are specially designed for use with refractive index matching oil or water, which must fill the gap between the front element and the object. These lenses give greater resolution at high magnification. Numerical apertures as high as 1.6 can be achieved with oil immersion.^[1]

Photography and imaging

Camera lenses (usually referred to as "photographic objectives" instead of simply "objectives"^[2]) need to cover a large focal plane so are made up of a number of optical lens elements to correct optical aberrations. Image projectors (such as video, movie, and slide projectors) use objective lenses that simply reverse the function of a camera lens, with lenses designed to cover a large image plane and project it at a distance onto another surface.^[3]

Telescope

In a telescope the objective is the lens at the front end of a refractor or the image-forming primary mirror of a reflecting or catadioptric telescope. A telescope's light-gathering power and angular resolution are both directly related to the diameter (or "aperture") of its objective lens or mirror. The larger the objective, the dimmer the object it can view and the more detail it can resolve.

A photographic objective, focal length 50 mm, aperture 1:1.4
Diastar projection objective from a 35 mm movie projector, (focal length 400 mm).
Two Leica oil immersion microscope objective lenses; left 100×, right 40×.
The segmented hexagonal objective mirror of the Keck 2 Telescope

References

^ Kenneth, Spring; Keller, H. Ernst; Davidson, Michael W. "Microscope objectives". Olympus Microscopy Resource Center. Retrieved 29 Oct 2008.
^ Stroebel, Leslie; Zakia, Richard D. (1993). The Focal Encyclopedia of photography. p. 515.
^ Keller, Max (1999). Weiss, Johannes, ed. Light Fantastic: The Art and Design of Stage Lighting. Prestel. p. 71. ISBN 9783791321622.

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NAID 130004745568

Effects of Impeller Type on Mixing Performance in Continuous Laminar Flow

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