non-specific

• 非特異的な、非特異性の

関

nonspecific、nonspecifically、nonspecificity、off-target、unspecific

WordNet

1. not caused by a specific agent; used also of staining in making microscope slides; "nonspecific enteritis"
2. without specificity; "nonspecifically staining substances"
3. used to express refusal or denial or disagreement etc or especially to emphasize a negative statement; "no, you are wrong"
4. a negative; "his no was loud and clear"
5. referring to the degree to which a certain quality is present; "he was no heavier than a child" (同)no more
6. not in any degree or manner; not at all; "he is no better today"
7. quantifier; used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns for indicating a complete or almost complete lack or zero quantity of; "we have no bananas"; "no eggs left and no money to buy any"; "have you no decency?"; "did it with no help"; "Ill get you there in no time"
8. stated explicitly or in detail; "needed a specific amount"
9. a medicine that has a mitigating effect on a specific disease; "quinine is a specific for malaria"
10. (sometimes followed by `to'
11. being or affecting a disease produced by a particular microorganism or condition; used also of stains or dyes used in making microscope slides; "quinine is highly specific for malaria"; "a specific remedy"; "a specific stain is one having a specific affinity for particular structural elements"
12. relating to or distinguishing or constituting a taxonomic species; "specific characters"
13. the fifth of the seven canonical hours; about 3 p.m.

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 《名詞の前に置いて》『一つも』(『一人も,少しも』)・・・『ない』 / 《補語につけて》『決して・・・でない』 / 《省略文で》・・・なし;・・・お断り / 《話》少ししか(あまり)・・・ない / (肯定の問いに対して)『いいえ』;(否定の問いに対して)はい,ええ / 《not, norの前に挿入して》『いや』,否 / 《形容詞の前に置その形容詞を否定して》…どころではない / 《比較級の前に置いて》ちっとも…でない,…と全く同じ / 《… or no の形で》…であってもなくても / 《驚き・困惑・不信などを表して》とんでもない / 《単数形で》『拒否』,「『いいえ』」という返事 / 《複数形で》反対[投]票
2. 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》『特定の』,一定の・『明確な』,明白な・(そのものに)『特有の』,独特の《+『to』+『名』》・〈C〉(…の)特効薬《+『for』+『名』》・《複数形で》明細,細部(details)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/11/12 00:17:13」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

"Symptoms" redirects here. For other uses, see Symptom (disambiguation).

A symptom (from Greek σύμπτωμα, "accident, misfortune, that which befalls", from συμπίπτω, "I befall", from συν- "together, with" and πίπτω, "I fall") is a departure from normal function or feeling which is noticed by a patient, reflecting the presence of an unusual state, or of a disease. A symptom is subjective, observed by the patient, and cannot be measured directly, whereas a sign is objectively observable by others. For example, paresthesia is a symptom (only the person experiencing it can directly observe their own tingling feeling), whereas erythema is a sign (anyone can confirm that the skin is redder than usual). Symptoms and signs are often nonspecific, but often combinations of them are at least suggestive of certain diagnoses, helping to narrow down what may be wrong. In other cases they are specific even to the point of being pathognomonic.

The term is sometimes also applied to physiological states outside the context of disease, as for example when referring to "symptoms of pregnancy".

Types

Symptoms may be chronic, relapsing or remitting. Asymptomatic conditions also exist (e.g. subclinical infections and, sometimes, high blood pressure).

Constitutional or general symptoms are those related to the systemic effects of a disease (e.g., fever, malaise, anorexia, and weight loss). They affect the entire body rather than a specific organ or location.

The terms "chief complaint", "presenting symptom", "iatrotropic symptom", or "presenting complaint" are used to describe the initial concern which brings a patient to a doctor. The symptom that ultimately leads to a diagnosis is called a "cardinal symptom".

Non-specific symptoms are self-reported symptoms that do not indicate a specific disease process or involve an isolated body system. For example, fatigue is a feature of many acute and chronic medical conditions, which may or may not be mental, and may be either a primary or secondary symptom. Fatigue is also a normal, healthy condition when experienced after exertion or at the end of a day.

Positive and negative

In describing mental disorders, especially schizophrenia, symptoms can be divided into positive and negative symptoms.

• Positive symptoms are symptoms present in the disorder but not normally experienced by most individuals. It reflects an excess or distortion of normal functions (i.e., experiences and behaviors that have been added to a person’s normal way of functioning). Examples are hallucinations, delusions, and bizarre behavior.
• Negative symptoms are functions that are normally found in healthy persons, but that are diminished or not present in affected persons. Thus, it is something that has disappeared from a person’s normal way of functioning. Examples are social withdrawal, apathy, inability to experience pleasure and defects in attention control.

Possible causes

Some symptoms occur in a wide range of disease processes, whereas other symptoms are fairly specific for a narrow range of illnesses. For example, a sudden loss of sight in one eye has a significantly smaller number of possible causes than nausea does.

Some symptoms can be misleading to the patient or the medical practitioner caring for them. For example, inflammation of the gallbladder often gives rise to pain in the right shoulder, which may understandably lead the patient to attribute the pain to a non-abdominal cause such as muscle strain.

Symptom versus sign

A symptom can more simply be defined as any feature which is noticed by the patient. A sign is noticed by other people. It is not necessarily the nature of the sign or symptom which defines it, but who observes it.

A feature might be a sign or a symptom - or both - depending on the observer(s). For example, a skin rash may be noticed by either a healthcare professional as a sign, or by the patient as a symptom. When it is noticed by both, then the feature is both a sign and a symptom. In lists of features to expect in the history and physical examination, "rash" may be listed under both (constituting a symptom in the former, a sign in the latter).

Some features, such as pain, can only be symptoms, because they cannot be directly observed by other people. Other features can only be signs, such as a blood cell count measured in a medical laboratory, which most patients have no way to observe independently.

See also

• Category:Symptoms
• List of medical symptoms
• Pathogenesis
• Symptomatic treatment

References

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

• Exploitation of the complexation reaction of ortho-dihydroxylated anthocyanins with aluminum(III) for their quantitative spectrophotometric determination in edible sources.

• Bernal FA1, Orduz-Diaz LL1, Coy-Barrera E2.
• Food chemistry.Food Chem.2015 Oct 15;185:84-9. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.03.116. Epub 2015 Apr 2.
• Anthocyanins are natural pigments known for their color and antioxidant activity. These properties allow their use in various fields, including food and pharmaceutical ones. Quantitative determination of anthocyanins had been performed by non-specific methods that limit the accuracy and reliability
• PMID 25952844

• A dynamic flux balance model and bottleneck identification of glucose, xylose, xylulose co-fermentation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

• Hohenschuh W1, Hector R2, Murthy GS3.
• Bioresource technology.Bioresour Technol.2015 Jul;188:153-60. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.02.015. Epub 2015 Feb 20.
• A combination of batch fermentations and genome scale flux balance analysis were used to identify and quantify the rate limiting reactions in the xylulose transport and utilization pathway. Xylulose phosphorylation by xylulokinase was identified as limiting in wild type Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but
• PMID 25791332

• Immobilization stress sensitizes rat dorsal horn neurons having input from the low back.

• Hoheisel U1, Vogt MA, Palme R, Gass P, Mense S.
• European journal of pain (London, England).Eur J Pain.2015 Jul;19(6):861-70. doi: 10.1002/ejp.682. Epub 2015 Feb 17.
• BACKGROUND: Stress is known to promote several forms of muscle pain including non-specific low back pain. However, the question if stress alone activates nociceptive central neurons has not been studied systematically. Here, we investigated the influence of repeated immobilization stress on dorsal h
• PMID 25690929

Japanese Journal

• アイスコアサンプルを対象とした蛍光顕微鏡による微生物定量方法の検討

• 植竹 淳,東 久美子,本山 秀明
• 南極資料 56(1), 57-67, 2012-03-30
• 氷床アイスコア中には,鉱物粒子と共に輸送されてきた微生物が含まれる事が知られている.これら微生物の細胞数の計測には,蛍光顕微鏡による直接観察法が用いられるが,細胞数が少ないアイスコア試料では蛍光染色試薬の退色により数を過小評価しやすい一方で,含まれる鉱物などの非特異的な蛍光により過大評価しやすいため,定量的に細胞数を測定する事が困難である.本研究では5種の退色防止試薬から退色が最も少ないもの,19 …
• NAID 110009103294

• 血尿を呈した、成人発症のC1q腎症の1例

• 菅生 太朗,斎藤 修,斎藤 孝子,秋元 哲,井上 真,安藤 康宏,竹本 文美,草野 英二
• 自治医科大学紀要 34, 67-74, 2012-03-01
• 症例は27歳男性。5年前より顕微鏡的血尿を指摘されていた。仕事で海外駐在の予定があり,赴任前に血尿の精査目的にて入院となった。経皮腎生検を行い,光顕所見ではメサンギウム増殖性糸球体腎炎の所見を認めた。蛍光抗体法にてメサンギウム領域に主としてC1qの沈着を認めた。同部位にC3の僅かな沈着も認めたが,IgA,IgG,IgMの有意な沈着は認めなかった。電顕ではメサンギウム領域にdense deposit …
• NAID 110008922589

Related Links

• non-specific - こどもクリニック

non-specific 任意 ---non-specific [意味] 非特異的な, 非特異性の [例文] 非特異性の／The disease is difficult to diagnose because the symptoms are non-specific. 非特異的な／Comparisons suggest that the antibody catalysis is ...

• non-specific - definition of non-specific by The Free Dictionary

Translations non-specific [ˌnɒnspəˈsɪfɪk] ADJ 1. (Med) → no específico, sin causa or sintomatolgía específica 2. (= imprecise) → indeterminado, vago ... This can happen if they rely on non-specific tests, such as UV ...

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「非特異的」「nonspecific」「off-target」「unspecific」「nonspecifically」
拡張検索	「non-specific mesenteric lymphadenitis」「non-specific esterase」「non-specific oligoarthritis」
関連記事	「specific」「n」「non」

「非特異的」

　　[★]

英

nonspecific、non-specific、(遺伝子標的)off-target、unspecific、nonspecifically

関

非特異性、オフターゲット

「nonspecific」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 非特異的な、非特異性の

関

non-specific、nonspecifically、nonspecificity、off-target、unspecific

　

「off-target」

　　[★]

オフターゲットの、非特異的な

関

non-specific、nonspecific、nonspecifically、unspecific

「unspecific」

　　[★]

• 非特異的な

関

non-specific、nonspecific、nonspecifically、off-target

「nonspecifically」

　　[★]

• 非特異的に

関

non-specific、nonspecific、off-target、unspecific

　

「non-specific mesenteric lymphadenitis」

　　[★] 非特異性腸間膜リンパ節炎

「non-specific esterase」

　　[★] 非特異的エステラーゼ

「non-specific oligoarthritis」

　　[★] 非特異的少数関節炎

「specific」

　　[★]

• adj.

• (～に関して)明確な、はっきりとした(exact precise)、具体的な(in, about)
• (比較)(限定)特定の(particular)、一定の(⇔general)
• (～に)特有の、独特の(to)
• (比較)(医学)(～に)渡航のある(for)。特殊な
• (生物)(生物)種の
• 医学)特異の
• (物理)比の。物質固有の。単位質量・長さ・面積・容積で

n.

関

specifically、specificity

　 　 　 　 　 　

「n」

　　[★]

• n.

• 例数

関

number of experiment、sample size

• pの前の[n]はmと記載する。synptom→symptom

「non」

　　[★]

• comb form.

• 非

関

un