WordNet

an impairment of health or a condition of abnormal functioning
machine that converts other forms of energy into mechanical energy and so imparts motion
a nonspecific agent that imparts motion; "happiness is the aim of all men and the motor of all action"
the act of driving an automobile

PrepTutorEJDIC

(体の)『病気』,疾患 / (精神・道徳などの)病気,病弊
女性の話術芸人 =diseur
(電気の)『モーター』,電動機 / エンジン,(特に)内燃機関 / 《英》自動車(motorcar) / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》 / モーターの;エンジンの;自動車の / モーター(エンジン)による,自動車による / (神経・筋肉について)運動の / 自動車で行く / …‘を'自動車で運ぶ
自動車運転〈技術〉,ドライブ
神経単位,神経細胞,ニューロン,ノイロン

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/02/06 19:58:50」(JST)

wiki en

This page is about a group of diseases that affect the motor neurons. For information about the most common form of the disease, sometimes known as "MND" in the UK, see amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

The motor neuron diseases (MND) are a group of neurological disorders that selectively affect motor neurons, the cells that control voluntary muscle activity including speaking, walking, swallowing, and general movement of the body. They are generally progressive in nature, and cause increasingly debilitating disability and, eventually, death.

Terminology

Terms used to describe the motor neuron diseases can be confusing; in the UK "motor neuron disease" (with "neuron" sometimes spelt "neurone") refers to both amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (the most common form of disease) and to the broader spectrum of motor neuron diseases including progressive muscular atrophy, primary lateral sclerosis, and progressive bulbar palsy. In the United States the most common terms used are ALS (both specifically for ALS and as a blanket term) or "Lou Gehrig's disease".^[1] To avoid confusion, the annual scientific research conference dedicated to the study of MND is called the International ALS/MND Symposium. Although MND refers to a specific subset of pathologically similar diseases; there are numerous other afflictions of motor neurons that are pathologically distinct from MND and have a different clinical course. Examples of other diseases of the motor neuron that should not be confused with MND include spinobulbar muscular atrophy, spinal muscular atrophy, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, and many others.

Classification

There are five recognized subtypes of motor neuron diseases. They are distinguished by the nerve cells affected, upper motor neuron (UMN) and lower motor neuron (LMN), and the symptoms that result from this damage:

Type	UMN degeneration	LMN degeneration
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)	yes	yes
Primary lateral sclerosis (PLS)	yes	no
Progressive muscular atrophy (PMA)	no	yes
Progressive bulbar palsy (PBP)	no	yes – bulbar region
Pseudobulbar palsy	yes – bulbar region	no

The term "bulbar region" in the above table refers to the mouth, face, and throat.

The disease spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) as well as various other spinal muscular atrophies are classified as motor neuron diseases by the disease terminology classification system Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) but not by the tenth International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10) published in 1992; hence, they are not discussed in this article.

References

^ "Motor Neuron Diseases Fact Sheet: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)". www.ninds.nih.gov. http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/motor_neuron_diseases/detail_motor_neuron_diseases.htm. Retrieved 2010-11-07.

External links

motor_neuron_diseases at NINDS

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 筋萎縮性側索硬化症およびその他の運動ニューロン疾患の臨床的特徴 clinical features of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and other forms of motor neuron disease
2. 筋萎縮性側索硬化症およびその他の運動ニューロン疾患の診断 diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and other forms of motor neuron disease
3. 筋萎縮性側索硬化症の疫学および病因 epidemiology and pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
4. 筋萎縮性側索硬化症の症状に基づくマネージメント symptom based management of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
5. 家族性筋萎縮性側索硬化症 familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

English Journal

Neuroprotective effect of Da Chuanxiong Formula against cognitive and motor deficits in a rat controlled cortical impact model of traumatic brain injury.

Liu ZK1, Ng CF2, Shiu HT3, Wong HL4, Chin WC5, Zhang JF6, Lam PK7, Poon WS8, Lau CB9, Leung PC10, Ko CH11.
Journal of ethnopharmacology.J Ethnopharmacol.2018 May 10;217:11-22. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.02.004. Epub 2018 Feb 6.
PMID 29425850

Spatial analyses of ALS incidence in Denmark over three decades.

Vieira VM1, Hansen J2, Gredal O3, Weisskopf MG4.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis & frontotemporal degeneration.Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener.2018 May;19(3-4):275-284. doi: 10.1080/21678421.2018.1432658. Epub 2018 Jan 31.
PMID 29383960

Motor neuron disease mortality rates in New Zealand 1992-2013.

Cao MC1, Chancellor A2, Charleston A3, Dragunow M1, Scotter EL1.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis & frontotemporal degeneration.Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener.2018 May;19(3-4):285-293. doi: 10.1080/21678421.2018.1432660. Epub 2018 Jan 30.
PMID 29382218