同: MAPCAs

WordNet

of the field of academic study in which one concentrates or specializes; "his major field was mathematics"
a commissioned military officer in the United States Army or Air Force or Marines; below lieutenant colonel and above captain
a university student who is studying a particular field as the principal subject; "she is a linguistics major"
the principal field of study of a student at a university; "her major is linguistics"
greater in number or size or amount; "a major portion (a majority) of the population"; "Ursa Major"; "a major portion of the winnings"
greater in scope or effect; "a major contribution"; "a major improvement"; "a major break with tradition"; "a major misunderstanding"
have as ones principal field of study; "She is majoring in linguistics"
of a scale or mode; "major scales"; "the key of D major"
of full legal age
of greater importance or stature or rank; "a major artist"; "a major role"; "major highways"
of greater seriousness or danger; "a major earthquake"; "a major hurricane"; "a major illness"
of the elder of two boys with the same family name; "Jones major"
situated or running side by side; "collateral ridges of mountains"
a security pledged for the repayment of a loan
serving to support or corroborate; "collateral evidence" (同)confirmative, confirming, confirmatory, corroborative, corroboratory, substantiating, substantiative, validating, validatory, verificatory, verifying
descended from a common ancestor but through different lines; "cousins are collateral relatives"; "an indirect descendant of the Stuarts" (同)indirect
accompany, concomitant; "collateral target damage from a bombing run"
British statesman who was prime minister from 1990 until 1997 (born in 1943) (同)John Major, John R. Major, John Roy Major

PrepTutorEJDIC

『大きい』(『多い』)『ほうの』,いっそう重要な / (音階が)長調の,長音階の / 《英》《昔の学校で同姓または兄弟生徒を区別するために姓の後につけて》年長の,兄の / 《しばしばM-》陸軍(空軍)少佐 / 《米》専攻科目;専攻学生 / 《the majors》《米》=major leagues / (科目を)専攻する《+『in』+『名』》
並び合った / 二次的な,付随的な(secondary) / 証券類を担保とした / 傍系の,直系でない / 担保,低当,見返り物資

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/10/29 13:43:47」(JST)

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Major aortopulmonary collateral arteries (or MAPCAs) are arteries that develop to supply blood to the lungs when native pulmonary circulation is underdeveloped. Instead of coming from the pulmonary trunk, supply develops from the aorta and other systemic arteries.^[1]

Pathogenesis and anatomy[edit]

Major aortopulmonary collateral arteries (MAPCAs) develop early in embryonic life but regress as the normal pulmonary arteries (vessels that will supply deoxygenated blood to the lungs) develop.^[2] In certain heart conditions the pulmonary arteries do not develop. The collaterals continue to grow, and can become the main supply of blood to the lungs.

Pulmonary arteries come from the right side of the heart, and usually carry deoxygenated blood from the body. These collateral arteries carry blood which has already be oxygenated by the lungs, so are of little use in helping the body to get oxygen.

Associated conditions[edit]

Pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect (or Tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary atresia will result in the development of systemic collaterals.)

Implications of a systemic collateral supply[edit]

Major aortopulmonary collateral arteries come from the systemic circulation, because of this they will often have higher pressure than normal found in the lungs leading to pulmonary hypertension. These vessels are not programmed to exist beyond early fetal life, and eventually became narrowed and stenotic.^[2]

Treatment[edit]

The aim of treatment of the MAPCAs is to group them together and convert their supply to deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart.

External links[edit]

Management of Tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary atresia - contains angiographic images of MAPCAs.

References[edit]

^ Maeda, Eriko; Masaaki Akahane, Nobuyuki Kato, Naoto Hayashi, Hisao Koga, Haruyasu Yamada, Hitoshi Kato, Kuni Ohtomo (2006-06-01). "Assessment of major aortopulmonary collateral arteries with multidetector-row computed tomography". Radiation Medicine 24 (5): 378–383. doi:10.1007/s11604-006-0037-y. |accessdate= requires |url= (help)
^ ^a ^b Boshoff, Derize; Marc Gewillig (2006). "A review of the options for treatment of major aortopulmonary collateral arteries in the setting of tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary atresia". Cardiology in the Young 16 (03): 212. doi:10.1017/S1047951106000606. ISSN 1047-9511. Retrieved 2010-03-21.

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English Journal

A Unique Aortic Arterial Meshwork With a Major Aortopulmonary Collateral Artery, a Major Arteriovenous Collateral Artery, and A Coronary Arteriovenous Fistula in a Young Man With a Bicuspid Aortic Valve.

Cayre RO, Bayol AP, Obregon R, Alday LE.SourceCordis Heart Institute, Cordis Instituto del Corazon, Resistencia, Pellegrini 673, 3500, Resistencia, Chaco, Argentina, raul.cayre@gmail.com.
Pediatric cardiology.Pediatr Cardiol.2012 Nov 11. [Epub ahead of print]
This report describes a case of an asymptomatic 18-year-old boy with a grade 1/6 ejection systolic murmur in the aortic area referred for an echocardiographic study to rule out a congenital heart disease. The patient had situs solitus, levocardia, bicuspid aortic valve, dilation of the proximal port
PMID 23143348

Efficacy of bosentan therapy for segmental pulmonary artery hypertension due to major aortopulmonary collateral arteries in children.

Yamamura K, Nagata H, Ikeda K, Ihara K, Hara T.
International journal of cardiology.Int J Cardiol.2012 Nov 1;161(1):e1-3. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.03.021. Epub 2012 Mar 28.
PMID 22459378

Late outcomes in patients undergoing aortopulmonary window for pulmonary atresia/stenosis and major aortopulmonary collaterals.

Mainwaring RD, Reddy VM, Perry SB, Peng L, Hanley FL.SourceDivision of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA. mainwaring@stanford.edu
The Annals of thoracic surgery.Ann Thorac Surg.2012 Sep;94(3):842-8. doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2012.03.061. Epub 2012 Aug 1.
BACKGROUND: Pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect (PA/VSD) and major aortopulmonary collateral arteries (MAPCAs) is a complex form of congenital heart defect. One identifiable subset has small (<2.5 mm) intrapericardial branch pulmonary arteries that are (1) confluent, (2) have normal
PMID 22857982