tool

• 手段、道具、用具、ツール

関

avenue、gateway、instrument、instrumental、mean、means、policy、utensil

　 　 　 　 　

WordNet

1. work with a tool
2. an implement used in the practice of a vocation
3. drive; "The convertible tooled down the street"
4. furnish with tools
5. have a specified degree of importance; "My ex-husband means nothing to me"; "Happiness means everything"
6. an average of n numbers computed by adding some function of the numbers and dividing by some function of n (同)mean_value
7. mean or intend to express or convey; "You never understand what I mean!"; "what do his words intend?" (同)intend
8. denote or connote; "`maison means `house in French"; "An example sentence would show what this word means" (同)intend, signify, stand_for
9. (used of persons or behavior) characterized by or indicative of lack of generosity; "a mean person"; "he left a miserly tip" (同)mingy, miserly, tight
10. destine or designate for a certain purpose; "These flowers were meant for you"
11. excellent; "famous for a mean backhand"
12. equip with instruments for measuring, recording, or controlling
13. the means whereby some act is accomplished; "my greed was the instrument of my destruction"; "science has given us new tools to fight disease" (同)tool
14. a device that requires skill for proper use
15. a person used by another to gain an end (同)pawn, cat''s-paw
16. write an instrumental score for (同)instrumentate
17. address a legal document to
18. written contract or certificate of insurance; "you should have read the small print on your policy" (同)insurance policy, insurance
19. a line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government; "they debated the policy or impolicy of the proposed legislation"
20. a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group; "it was a policy of retribution"; "a politician keeps changing his policies"
21. considerable capital (wealth or income); "he is a man of means" (同)substance
22. how a result is obtained or an end is achieved; "a means of control"; "an example is the best agency of instruction"; "the true way to success" (同)agency, way
23. an instrumentality for accomplishing some end
24. relating to or designed for or performed on musical instruments; "instrumental compositions"; "an instrumental ensemble"
25. used for working in gardens or yards (同)lawn tool

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. (金づち・スパナー・のこぎりなど大工・指物仕事をするための)『道具』,工具 / (機械の部品を切削・加工する)『動力機械』(器具) / (2の)切削(加工)部分 / 道具に使われる人,手先 / 《比喩的に》(一般に)道具,手段 / …‘を'道具で造る(形作る) / 道具で造る(形作る)
2. 〈人が〉…‘を'『意図する』,‘の'つもりである;…‘を'言おうとある;示そうとする / 〈単語・句・文章などが〉…‘を'『意味を持つ』,‘を'『意味する』 / (人に対して)…‘を'当てる,向ける《+『名』+『for』+『名』》 / 《受動態で》〈人・物〉‘を'(…)向きにする / 〈物事が〉…‘を'示す,表す / (結果として)〈物事が〉…‘を'もたらす,生じさせる / 《『mean』+『for』+『名』+『to』 do》《米話》(…が…するような)つもりでいる
3. 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》(品質・価値・才能などが)『劣った』,つまらない / (人・行為などが)『卑劣な』,さもしい / 《古》(身分・地位などが)卑しい / 《まれ》(身なり・建物などが)みずぼらしい,見るもあわれな / 《米話》(動物が)御しにくい;(一般に)扱いにくい
4. 中庸,中道 / (数学で) / 平均[値];(特に)算術平均,相加平均 / (比例式の)中項,内項 / (両極端の)中間の,中央に位置する / (大きさ・品質・程度などが)平均的な,平均の
5. (主として精密な)『器具』,器械,計器・(また『musical instrument』)『楽器』) / 手段,方便（means）;(人の)手先 / 法律文書(証書・遺書・協定書・約束手形など)
6. 〈C〉(政府・政党・企業などの)『方針』,方策,政策 / 〈U〉処世上の知恵,抜け目のなさ,思慮分別
7. 保険証券(証書)
8. 〈C〉《単数・複数扱い》『方法』,『手段』 / 《複数扱い》『資力』,『財産』,富
9. 役立つ;(…をするのに)役立つ《+『in』 do『ing』》 / 楽器の,器楽の
10. 《方向》(1)(到着の意を含めて)…『へ』,に,まで / 《状況の変化》…[のほう]へ;…に[なるまで],その結果…になる / 《適用範囲》(1)《動詞に伴って》『…に対して』,に,へ / (2)《形容詞[句]・[代]名倍に伴って》『…に対して』 / 《程度・範囲》『…[に至る]まで』 / 《時間の終り》『…まで』(till) / 《to one's+『名』の形で》(…が)『…したことに[は]』 / 《比較・対比・割合》『…と比べて』,より,に対して / 《一致・適合》『…に合わせて』,に合って,に応じて / 《目的・意図》『…のために』 / 《運命・境遇》『…に』 / 《所属・関係》『…へ』,に[対して] / 《付加・付着・固執》『…に』 / 《対立・対向》…に[対して] / いつもの状態(位置)に / 停止(閉鎖)の状態に / 活動状態に(へ),仕事に
11. 《名詞的用法》『…すること』 / 《形容詞的用法》『…するための,すべき』 / 《副詞的用法》『…するために』,して,するとは,すれば / 《独立用法》 / 《文全体を修飾する慣用語句》…すれば,してみると,…だが / 短縮文
12. …もまた,その上 / 『あまりにも』,過度に,必要以上に / 『非常に』,大変,はなはだ(very, extremely) / 《話》《相手の否定の言葉に,肯定で応じて》ところがどうして

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/08/10 22:27:51」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

For the American rock band, see Tool (band). For other uses, see Tool (disambiguation). Further information: Equipment (disambiguation).

A modern toolbox

A tool is any physical item that can be used to achieve a goal, especially if the item is not consumed in the process. Informally the word is also used to describe a procedure or process with a specific purpose. Tool use by humans dates back millions of years, and other animals are also known to employ simple tools.

Tools that are used in particular fields or activities may have different designations such as "instrument", "utensil", "implement", "machine", or "apparatus". The set of tools needed to achieve a goal is "equipment". The knowledge of constructing, obtaining and using tools is technology.

History

Prehistoric stone tools over 10,000 years old, found in Les Combarelles cave, France

Carpentry tools recovered from the wreck of a 16th century sailing ship, the Mary Rose

Stone and metal knives

An upholstery regulator

Main article: History of technology

Anthropologists believe that the use of tools was an important step in the evolution of mankind. Humans evolved an opposable thumb — useful in holding tools — and increased dramatically in intelligence, which aided in the use of tools. Because tools are used extensively by both humans and wild chimpanzees, it is widely assumed that the first routine use of tools took place prior to the divergence between the two species. These early tools, however, were likely made of perishable materials such as sticks, or consisted of unmodified stones that cannot be distinguished from other stones as tools. The beginning of the Stone Age marks the era when hominins first began manufacturing stone tools, and evidence of these tools dates back at least 2.6 million years in Ethiopia. One of the earliest distinguishable stone tool forms is the hand axe.

Tools are the most important items that the ancient humans used to climb to the top of the food chain; by inventing tools, they were able to accomplish tasks that human bodies could not, such as using a spear or bow and arrow to kill prey, since their teeth were not sharp enough to pierce many animals' skins.

The transition from stone to metal tools roughly coincided with the development of agriculture around the 4th millennium BC. Mechanical devices experienced a major expansion in their use in Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome with the systematic employment of new energy sources.especially waterwheels. Their use expanded through the Dark Ages with the addition of windmills.

Machine tools occasioned a surge in producing new tools in the industrial revolution. Advocates of nanotechnology expect a similar surge as tools become microscopic in size.

Functions

One can classify tools according to their basic functions:

• Cutting tools, such as the knife, scythe or sickle, are wedge-shaped implements that produce a shearing force along a narrow face. Ideally, the edge of the tool needs to be harder than the material being cut or else the blade will become dulled with repeated use. But even resilient tools will require periodic sharpening, which is the process of removing deformation wear from the edge. Other examples of cutting tools include gouges and drill bits.
• Moving tools move large and tiny items. Most are levers which give the user a mechanical advantage. For example, concentrating-force tools: the hammer moves a nail, the maul moves a stake, or a whip moves flesh on a horse. These operate by applying physical compression to a surface. In the case of the screwdriver, the force is rotational and called torque. Writing implements deliver a fluid to a surface via compression to activate the ink cartridge. Also grabbing and twisting nuts and bolts with pliers, a glove, a wrench, etc. All these tools move items by some kind of force. Also trucks, rockets and airplanes move larger items and particle accelerators move very small items.
• Tools that enact chemical changes, including temperature and ignition, such as lighters and blowtorches.
• Guiding, measuring and perception tools include the ruler, glasses, set square, sensors, straightedge, theodolite, microscope, monitor, clock, phone, printer
• Shaping tools, such as molds, jigs, trowels.
• Fastening tools, such as welders, rivet guns, nail guns, or glue guns.
• Information and data manipulation tools, such as computers, middleware, IDE, spreadsheets

Some tools may be combinations of other tools. An alarm-clock is for example a combination of a measuring tool (the clock) and a perception tool (the alarm). This enables the alarm-clock to be a tool that falls outside of all the categories mentioned above.

There is some debate on whether to consider protective gear items as tools, because they do not directly help perform work, just protect the worker like ordinary clothing. They do meet the general definition of tools and in many cases are necessary for the completion of the work. Personal protective equipment includes such items as gloves, safety glasses, ear defenders and biohazard suits.

Tool substitution

Often, by design or coincidence, a tool may share key functional attributes with one or more other tools. In this case, some tools can substitute for other tools, either as a makeshift solution or as a matter of practical efficiency. "One tool does it all" is a motto of some importance for workers who cannot practically carry every specialized tool to the location of every work task; such as a carpenter who does not necessarily work in a shop all day and needs to do jobs in a customer's house. Tool substitution may be divided broadly into two classes: substitution "by-design", or "multi-purpose" use, and substitution as makeshift. Substitution "by-design" would be tools that are designed specifically to accomplish multiple tasks using only that one tool. Substitution as makeshift is when human ingenuity comes into play and a tool is used for its unintended purpose such as a mechanic using a long screw driver to separate a cars control arm from a ball joint instead of using a tuning fork. In many cases, the designed secondary functions of tools are not widely known. As an example of the former, many wood-cutting hand saws integrate a carpenter's square by incorporating a specially shaped handle that allows 90° and 45° angles to be marked by aligning the appropriate part of the handle with an edge and scribing along the back edge of the saw. The latter is illustrated by the saying "All tools can be used as hammers." Nearly all tools can be used to function as a hammer, even though very few tools are intentionally designed for it and even fewer work as well as the original.

Tools are also often used to substitute for many mechanical apparatuses, especially in older mechanical devices. In many cases a cheap tool could be used to occupy the place of a missing mechanical part. A window roller in a car could easily be replaced with a pair of vice grips or regular pliers. A transmission shifter or ignition switch would be able to be replaced with a screw-driver. Again, these would be considered tools that are being used for their unintended purposes, substitution as makeshift. Tools such as a Dremel would be considered the substitution "by-design", or "multi-purpose". This class of tools allows the use of one tool that has at least two different capabilities. "Multi-purpose" tools are basically multiple tools in one device/tool. Tools such as this are often power tools that come with many different attachments like a Dremel does, so you could say that a power drill is a "multi-purpose" tool because you can do more than just one thing with a power drill.

Multi-use tools

Bicycle multi-tool

A Multi-tool is a hand tool that incorporates several tools into a single, portable device; the Swiss army knife represents one of the earliest examples. Other tools have a primary purpose but also incorporate other functionality - for example, lineman's pliers incorporate a gripper and cutter, and are often used as a hammer; and some hand saws incorporate a carpenter's square in the right-angle between the blade's dull edge and the saw's handle. This would also be the category in which the "multi-purpose" tools since they are also multiple tools in one (multi-use and multi-purpose can be used interchangeably). These types of tools were specifically made to catch the eye of many different craftsman who traveled to do their work. To these workers these types of tools were revolutionary because they were one tool or one device that could do several different things. With this new revolution of tools the traveling craftsman would not have to carry so many tools with them to job sites, being that their space would be limited to the vehicle they were driving. The problem of having to deal with so many different tools was solved with the overtaking of multi-use tools.

Use by animals

A Bonobo at the San Diego Zoo "fishing" for termites

Main article: Tool use by animals

Observation has confirmed that a number of species can use tools including monkeys, apes, several birds, and sea otters. Philosophers originally thought that only humans had the ability to make tools, until zoologists observed birds and monkeys making tools. Now the unique relationship of humans with tools is considered to be that we are the only species that uses tools to make other tools.

Tool metaphors

A telephone is a communication tool that interfaces between two people engaged in conversation at one level. And between each user and the communication network at another. It is in the domain of media and communications technology that a counter-intuitive aspect of our relationships with our tools first began to gain popular recognition. Marshall McLuhan famously said "We shape our tools. And then our tools shape us." McLuhan was referring to the fact that our social practices co-evolve with our use of new tools and the refinements we make to existing tools.

In North American colloquialism, the word "tool" may be loosely used to describe an individual of low mental capacity (essentially, an "idiot") or someone who fails to realise that they are being taken advantage of by others.^{[citation needed]} This metaphor is drawn from the understanding that tools (as understood by most of society) are objects that are used for specific tasks.

See also

• Device paradigm
• List of tool-lending libraries
• Toolbank
• Toolmaker

References

Notes

External links

• Media related to Tools at Wikimedia Commons

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TOOL が提供する主なパッケージソフトウェアについてご紹介します。 LAVIS-plus 大規模データを超高速に読み込み表示するビューア機能に加え、電気特性解析や検証エラー表示、簡易エディタとしても活用い

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「mean」「instrument」「instrumental」「手段」「means」
拡張検索	「soft stool」「tarry stool」
関連記事	「too」「to」

「mean」

　　[★]

• n.

• 平均値、 手段

• adj.

• 平均の

• v.

(過去-過去分詞meant)

• 意味する

関

avenue、average、even、gateway、implication、imply、instrumental、mean value、meaning、means、policy、purport、represent、semantic、sense、tool

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「instrument」

　　[★]

• n.

• 道具、器具、機器、計器。楽器。手段。法律文書。(法律文書としての)証券、(約束)手形

• v.

(器具を)装着する

関

apparatus、device、equipment、fit、instrumental、machine、tool、utensil、wear

　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「instrumental」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 機器の、手段になる、役立つ

関

avail、available、avenue、equipment、gateway、help、helpful、instrument、mean、means、policy、serve、serviceable、subserve、tool、useful、valuable

　 　

「手段」

　　[★]

英

means、mean、tool、policy、avenue、gateway、instrumental

関

意味、機器、政策、道具、平均、平均値、方法、役立つ、用具、ツール、方針、ポリシー、出入口、街路

「means」

　　[★]

• np.

• 手段、方法

関

avenue、fashion、gateway、instrumental、manner、mean、method、mode、policy、procedure、process、tool、way

　 　 　 　

「soft stool」

　　[★]

• 軟便

関

loose bowel、loose stool

「tarry stool」

　　[★] 黒色便。タール様便

「too」

　　[★]

• また、あまりに、とても

関

again、also、very

　

「to」

　　[★]

• prep.

• ～の方向に向かって、～へ