leucine-rich repeat

• ロイシンに富む反復配列

WordNet

1. very productive; "rich seams of coal"
2. containing plenty of fat, or eggs, or sugar; "rich desserts"; "they kept gorging on rich foods"
3. having an abundant supply of desirable qualities or substances (especially natural resources); "blessed with a land rich in minerals"; "rich in ideas"; "rich with cultural interest"
4. high in mineral content; having a high proportion of fuel to air; "a rich vein of copper", "a rich gas mixture"
5. of great worth or quality; "a rich collection of antiques"
6. pleasantly full and mellow; "a rich tenor voice"
7. possessing material wealth; "her father is extremely rich"; "many fond hopes are pinned on rich uncles"
8. suggestive of or characterized by great expense; "a rich display"
9. do over; "They would like to take it over again" (同)take_over
10. an event that repeats; "the events today were a repeat of yesterdays" (同)repetition
11. to say again or imitate; "followers echoing the cries of their leaders" (同)echo
12. to say, state, or perform again; "She kept reiterating her request" (同)reiterate, ingeminate, iterate, restate, retell
13. a white crystalline amino acid occurring in proteins that is essential for nutrition; obtained by the hydrolysis of most dietary proteins

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 『金持ちの』,『富んだ』,豊かな / 《名詞的に》《the~;複数扱い》金持ちの人たち / (衣服・宝石・家具などが)高価でみごとな,ぜいたくな / (想像力などが)豊かな;(土地が)肥えた / (音・声が)豊かな,深みのある;(色が)濃い,あざやかな;(料理・酒の問が)濃くておいしい;(香りが)強い / 濃度が高い;(特に食物の)栄養価が高い,(油・卵・バターなどを多く含んで)濃厚な / 《話》非常におもしろい,こっけいな;《反晴的に》とんでもない,ばかげた
2. 〈自分がすでに一度言ったこと)‘を'『繰り返して言う』 / 〈他人の言ったこと〉‘を'おうむ返しに言う;…‘を'他の人に繰り返して言う / …‘を'『暗記して言う』,暗唱する / …‘を'繰り返して行う(do again) / (食べたあとで)〈食物の〉味が残る / 〈小数が〉循環する / 繰り返すこと,反復すること / 繰り返されるもの,(公演の)再演;(番組の)再放送 / 反復楽節;反復記号(∥: :∥)
3. 繰り返して言われる(行われる)
4. 『富』,財産,豊かさ

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/04/29 14:00:02」(JST)

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An example of a leucine-rich repeat protein, a porcine ribonuclease inhibitor
Identifiers
Symbol	LRR_1
Pfam	PF00560
Pfam clan	CL0022
InterPro	IPR001611
SCOP	2bnh
SUPERFAMILY	2bnh
OPM protein	1xwd
Available protein structures: Pfam structures PDB RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj PDBsum structure summary

Leucine rich repeat variant
a leucine-rich repeat variant with a novel repetitive protein structural motif
Identifiers
Symbol	LRV
Pfam	PF01816
Pfam clan	CL0020
InterPro	IPR004830
SCOP	1lrv
SUPERFAMILY	1lrv
Available protein structures: Pfam structures PDB RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj PDBsum structure summary

LRR adjacent
internalin h: crystal structure of fused n-terminal domains.
Identifiers
Symbol	LRR_adjacent
Pfam	PF08191
InterPro	IPR012569
Available protein structures: Pfam structures PDB RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj PDBsum structure summary

Leucine rich repeat N-terminal domain
dimeric bovine tissue-extracted decorin, crystal form 2
Identifiers
Symbol	LRRNT
Pfam	PF01462
InterPro	IPR000372
SMART	LRRNT
SCOP	1m10
SUPERFAMILY	1m10
Available protein structures: Pfam structures PDB RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj PDBsum structure summary

Leucine rich repeat N-terminal domain
the crystal structure of pgip (polygalacturonase inhibiting protein), a leucine rich repeat protein involved in plant defense
Identifiers
Symbol	LRRNT_2
Pfam	PF08263
InterPro	IPR013210
SMART	LRRNT
SCOP	1m10
SUPERFAMILY	1m10
Available protein structures: Pfam structures PDB RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj PDBsum structure summary

Leucine rich repeat C-terminal domain
third lrr domain of drosophila slit
Identifiers
Symbol	LRRCT
Pfam	PF01463
InterPro	IPR000483
SMART	LRRCT
SCOP	1m10
SUPERFAMILY	1m10
Available protein structures: Pfam structures PDB RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj PDBsum structure summary

LRV protein FeS4 cluster
a leucine-rich repeat variant with a novel repetitive protein structural motif
Identifiers
Symbol	LRV_FeS
Pfam	PF05484
Pfam clan	CL0020
InterPro	IPR008665
SCOP	1lrv
SUPERFAMILY	1lrv
Available protein structures: Pfam structures PDB RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj PDBsum structure summary

A leucine-rich repeat (LRR) is a protein structural motif that forms an α/β horseshoe fold. It is composed of repeating 20–30 amino acid stretches that are unusually rich in the hydrophobic amino acid leucine. These repeats commonly fold together to form a solenoid protein domain, termed leucine-rich repeat domain. Typically, each repeat unit has beta strand-turn-alpha helix structure, and the assembled domain, composed of many such repeats, has a horseshoe shape with an interior parallel beta sheet and an exterior array of helices. One face of the beta sheet and one side of the helix array are exposed to solvent and are therefore dominated by hydrophilic residues. The region between the helices and sheets is the protein's hydrophobic core and is tightly sterically packed with leucine residues.

Leucine-rich repeats are frequently involved in the formation of protein–protein interactions.

Examples

Leucine-rich repeat motifs have been identified in a large number of functionally unrelated proteins. The best-known example is the ribonuclease inhibitor, but other proteins such as the tropomyosin regulator tropomodulin and the toll-like receptor also share the motif. In fact, the toll-like receptor possesses 10 successive LRR motifs which serve to bind pathogen- and danger-associated molecular patterns.

Although the canonical LRR protein contains approximately one helix for every beta strand, variants that form beta-alpha superhelix folds sometimes have long loops rather than helices linking successive beta strands.

One leucine-rich repeat variant domain (LRV) has a novel repetitive structural motif consisting of alternating alpha- and 3(10)-helices arranged in a right-handed superhelix, with the absence of the beta-sheets present in other leucine-rich repeats.

Associated domains

Leucine-rich repeats are often flanked by N-terminal and C-terminal cysteine-rich domains.

They also co-occur with LRR adjacent domains. These are small, all beta strand domains, which have been structurally described for the protein Internalin (InlA) and related proteins InlB, InlE, InlH from the pathogenic bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. Their function appears to be mainly structural: They are fused to the C-terminal end of leucine-rich repeats, significantly stabilising the LRR, and forming a common rigid entity with the LRR. They are themselves not involved in protein-protein-interactions but help to present the adjacent LRR-domain for this purpose. These domains belong to the family of Ig-like domains in that they consist of two sandwiched beta sheets that follow the classical connectivity of Ig-domains. The beta strands in one of the sheets is, however, much smaller than in most standard Ig-like domains, making it somewhat of an outlier.

An iron sulphur cluster is found at the N-terminus of some proteins containing the leucine-rich repeat variant domain (LRV). These proteins have a two-domain structure, composed of a small N-terminal domain containing a cluster of four Cysteine residues that houses the 4Fe:4S cluster, and a larger C-terminal domain containing the LRV repeats. Biochemical studies revealed that the 4Fe:4S cluster is sensitive to oxygen, but does not appear to have reversible redox activity.

See also

• Leucine zipper

References

Further reading

• Tooze, John; Brändén, Carl-Ivar (1999). Introduction to Protein Structure (2nd ed.). New York: Garland Publishing. ISBN 0-8153-2305-0. 
• Wei T, Gong J, Jamitzky F, Heckl WM, Stark RW, Roessle SC (November 2008). "LRRML: a conformational database and an XML description of leucine-rich repeats (LRRs)". BMC Struct. Biol. 8 (1): 47. doi:10.1186/1472-6807-8-47. PMC 2645405. PMID 18986514. 

External links

• Eukaryotic Linear Motif resource motif class LIG_SCF_Skp2-Cks1_1
• SCOP LRR fold
• CATH Alpha-beta horseshoe architecture
• LRRML: a conformational database of leucine-rich repeats

This article incorporates text from the public domain Pfam and InterPro IPR012569

This article incorporates text from the public domain Pfam and InterPro IPR013210

This article incorporates text from the public domain Pfam and InterPro IPR000372

This article incorporates text from the public domain Pfam and InterPro IPR000483

This article incorporates text from the public domain Pfam and InterPro IPR004830

This article incorporates text from the public domain Pfam and InterPro IPR004830

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

• Cloning, sequence analysis and expression profiles of Toll-like receptor 7 from Chinese giant salamander Andrias davidianus.

• Huang L1, Fan Y2, Zhou Y2, Jiang N2, Liu W2, Meng Y2, Zeng L3.
• Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part B, Biochemistry & molecular biology.Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol.2015 Jun;184:52-7. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2015.02.006. Epub 2015 Mar 6.
• The Chinese giant salamander, Andrias davidianus, is the largest extant amphibian species in the world, which is of significance due to its specific position in the evolutionary history of vertebrates. Currently, limited information about the innate immune system of this animal is known. In this stu
• PMID 25754925

• Cloning and expression analysis of a Toll-like receptor 22 (tlr22) gene from turbot, Scophthalmus maximus.

• Hu GB1, Zhang SF2, Yang X2, Liu DH3, Liu QM2, Zhang SC4.
• Fish & shellfish immunology.Fish Shellfish Immunol.2015 Jun;44(2):399-409. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.03.001. Epub 2015 Mar 11.
• Toll-like receptor 22 (TLR22) exists exclusively in aquatic animals and recognizes double stranded RNA (dsRNA). In the present study, a tlr22 gene and its 5'-flanking sequence were cloned from turbot, Scophthalmus maximus, its immune responsive expression was subsequently studied in vivo. The turbo
• PMID 25770871

• Comprehensive computational analysis of leucine-rich repeat (LRR) proteins encoded in the genome of the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum.

• Schulze B1, Buhmann MT2, Río Bártulos C2, Kroth PG2.
• Marine genomics.Mar Genomics.2015 Jun;21:43-51. doi: 10.1016/j.margen.2015.02.007. Epub 2015 Mar 5.
• We have screened the genome of the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum for gene models encoding proteins exhibiting leucine-rich repeat (LRR) structures. In order to reveal the functionality of these proteins, their amino acid sequences were scanned for known domains and for homologies to other
• PMID 25746776

Japanese Journal

• Interfamily Transfer of Dual NB-LRR Genes Confers Resistance to Multiple Pathogens

• Narusaka Mari,Kubo Yasuyuki,Hatakeyama Katsunori,Imamura Jun,Ezura Hiroshi,Nanasato Yoshihiko,Tabei Yutaka,Takano Yoshitaka,江面 浩
• PLoS ONE 8(2), e55954, 2013-02-00
• … A major class of disease resistance (R) genes which encode nucleotide binding and leucine rich repeat (NB-LRR) proteins have been used in traditional breeding programs for crop protection. …
• NAID 120005246726

• Recognition of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides by human Toll-like receptor 9 and subsequent cytokine induction

• Suwarti Suwarti,Yamazaki Tomohiko,Svetlana Chechetka,Hanagata Nobutaka
• Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 430(4), 1234-1239, 2013-01-25
• … Next, we identified residues in the C-terminus of TLR9-ECD (H505 in leucine-rich repeat (LRR)-16, H530 in LRR-17, and Y554 in LRR-18) that are essential for hTLR9 activation. …
• NAID 120005228348

• Ectopic expression of the leucine-rich repeat-domain of cell wall extensin gene NpLRX1 disturbs morphogenesis of leaf cells by its association with cell membranes in tobacco

• Yazawa Katsumi,Iwai Hiroaki,Sugiyama Haruna [他],ITO Shu,HASEZAWA Seiichiro,SATOH Shinobu
• Plant biotechnology 29(4), 373-381, 2012-09-25
• … NpLRX1 (Nicotiana plumbaginifolia Leucine-Rich Repeat-Extensin 1) encodes a chimeric leucine-rich repeat (LRR)/extensin protein and is thought to regulate cell morphogenesis that is essential for plant tissue formation. …
• NAID 10031122162

Related Links

• ロイシンリッチリピート - Wikipedia

ロイシンリッチリピート（Leucine-rich repeat）はタンパク質の構造モチーフの1つで、α ヘリックスとβシートからなる馬蹄の形をしている。20-30残基のアミノ酸の繰り返し配列 で、疎水性のロイシンの割合が多い。それぞれの繰り返しはβシート-ターン-αヘリックス の ...

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★リンクテーブル★

関連記事	「repeat」「rich」「RICH」「repeated」

「repeat」

　　[★]

• n.

• 反復、リピート

• v.

• 反復する、繰り返す

関

iteration、recursion、reiterate、reiteration、reiterative、repeatedly、repetition、repetitive、repetitively、replicate

　 　 　 　 　

「rich」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 富む、豊富な、リッチな

関

abound、abundance、abundant、abundantly、affluent、ample、plentiful、richly

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「RICH」

　　[★]

同

rapidly involuting congenital hemangioma

「repeated」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 頻回の

関

frequent