WordNet
- move with abrupt, seemingly uncontrolled motions; "The patients legs were jerkings" (同)twitch
- (mechanics) the rate of change of acceleration
- an abrupt spasmodic movement (同)jerking, jolt, saccade
- raising a weight from shoulder height to above the head by straightening the arms
- a dull stupid fatuous person (同)dork
- throw or toss with a quick motion; "flick a piece of paper across the table"; "jerk his head" (同)flick
- the part of a trouser leg that provides the cloth covering for the knee
- hinge joint in the human leg connecting the tibia and fibula with the femur and protected in front by the patella (同)knee_joint, human knee, articulatio genus, genu
PrepTutorEJDIC
- (急に)『ぐいっと引っぱる』(『押す』,『ねじる』,『投げる』)『こと』 / (筋肉の)反射運動;けいれん / 《米俗》うぶな人;まぬけ / (重量挙げの)ジャーク / 《運動を表す副詞[句]を伴って》…‘を'『急に引っぱる』(『押す』,『ねじる』,『投げる』) / …‘を'ぶっきらぼうに(投げ出すように)言う《+『out』+『名,』+『名』+『out』》 / 『急に』(『ぐいっと』)『動く』
- 〈特に牛肉〉‘を'細切りにして干し肉にする
- 『ひざ』,ひざがしら / (洋服の)ひざの部分;ひざのように曲がった物 / …‘を'ひざでける
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/10/31 10:11:01」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
The patellar reflex or knee-jerk is a deep tendon reflex and is a myotatic reflex.
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Contents
- 1 Mechanism
- 2 Purpose of Testing
- 3 History
- 4 Popular culture
- 5 See also
- 6 Notes
- 7 References
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Mechanism
Striking the patellar tendon with a tendon hammer just below the patella stretches the muscle spindle in the quadriceps femoris muscle. This produces a signal which travels back to the spinal cord and synapses (without interneurons) at the level of L4 in the spinal cord, completely independent of higher centres. From there, an alpha-motor neuron conducts an efferent impulse back to the quadriceps femoris muscle, triggering contraction. This contraction, coordinated with the relaxation of the antagonistic flexor hamstring muscle causes the leg to kick. This reflex is a reflex of proprioception which helps maintain posture and balance, allowing to keep one's balance with little effort or conscious thought.
The patellar reflex is a clinical and classic example of the monosynaptic reflex arc. There is no interneuron in the pathway leading to contraction of the quadriceps muscle. Instead the bipolar sensory neuron synapses directly on a motor neuron in the spinal cord. However, there is an inhibitory interneuron used to relax the antagonistic hamstring muscle.
It tests L2, L3, and L4.[1]
Purpose of Testing
After the tap of a hammer, the leg is normally extended once and comes to rest. The absence or decrease of this reflex is known as Westphal's sign. On the other hand, multiple oscillation of the leg following the tap may be a sign of a cerebellar disease.
History
The term knee-jerk was recorded by Sir Michael Foster in his Textbook of physiology in 1877: "Striking the tendon below the patella gives rise to a sudden extension of the leg, known as the knee-jerk."[2]
Popular culture
The term began to be used figuratively from the early 20th century onwards. O. O. McIntyre, in his New York Day-By-Day column in The Coshocton Tribune, October 1921, wrote: "Itinerant preacher stemming Broadway on a soap box. And gets only an occasional knee-jerk."[2]
See also
- Tonic vibration reflex
- Motor control
- Jendrassik maneuver
Notes
- ^ William J. Weiner (30 July 2010). Neurology for the Non-Neurologist. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 499–. ISBN 978-1-60547-239-3. http://books.google.com/books?id=eQa9c3-roD8C&pg=PA499. Retrieved 4 July 2011.
- ^ a b Knee-jerk reaction
References
- Gurfinkel' VS, Lipshits MI, Popov KE (1974). "Is the stretch reflex a basic mechanism in the system of regulation of human vertical posture?" (in Russian). Biofizika 19 (4): 744–8. PMID 4425696.
- Pinnock CA, Lin ES, Smith T (2003). "9". Fundamentals of Anaesthesia, 2nd Edition (2 ed.). Greenwich Medical Media Ltd.
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Nervous system physiology: neurophysiology - reflex
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| Cranial nerve |
- midbrain: Pupillary light reflex
- Accommodation reflex
pons/medulla: Jaw jerk reflex
- Corneal reflex
- Caloric reflex test/Vestibulo-ocular reflex/Oculocephalic reflex
- Pharyngeal (gag) reflex
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| Stretch reflexes |
- upper limb: Biceps reflex C5/C6
- Brachioradialis reflex C6
- Triceps reflex C7/C8
lower limb: Patellar reflex L2-L4
- Ankle jerk reflex S1/S2
- Plantar reflex L5-S2
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| Primitive reflexes |
- Galant
- Gastrocolic
- Grasp
- Moro
- Rooting
- Stepping
- Sucking
- Tonic neck
- Parachute
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| Lists |
- general
- alphabetical
- by organ
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| Cardiovascular |
- Bainbridge reflex
- Bezold-Jarisch reflex
- Coronary reflex
- Mammalian diving reflex
- Oculocardiac reflex
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Baroreflex
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- Reflex bradycardia
- Reflex tachycardia
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Respiratory
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| Other |
- Acoustic reflex
- H-reflex
- Golgi tendon reflex
- Optokinetic
- Startle reaction
- Withdrawal reflex (Crossed extensor reflex)
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anat(h/r/t/c/b/l/s/a)/phys(r)/devp/prot/nttr/nttm/ntrp
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noco/auto/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr
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UpToDate Contents
全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.
English Journal
- Novel mutation in the ATL1 with autosomal dominant hereditary spastic paraplegia presented as dysautonomia.
- Shin JW1, Jung KH1, Lee ST1, Moon J1, Seong MW2, Park SS2, Lee SK1, Chu K3.
- Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical.Auton Neurosci.2014 Jun 9. pii: S1566-0702(14)00085-X. doi: 10.1016/j.autneu.2014.06.001. [Epub ahead of print]
- SPG3A, which is the second most common type of autosomal dominant hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP), is caused by mutations in the atlastin GTPase 1 gene, ATL1. We report a case of a patient who presented as dysautonomia and had a novel splicing mutation c.35-3C>T in exon 2 of the ATL1. Orthost
- PMID 24969372
- Change of a motor synergy for dampening hand vibration depending on a task difficulty.
- Togo S1, Kagawa T, Uno Y.
- Experimental brain research.Exp Brain Res.2014 Jun 4. [Epub ahead of print]
- The present study investigated the relationship between the number of usable degrees of freedom (DOFs) and joint coordination during a human-dampening hand vibration task. Participants stood on a platform generating an anterior-posterior directional oscillation and held a water-filled cup. Their usa
- PMID 24894587
- Impulsive ankle push-off powers leg swing in human walking.
- Lipfert SW1, Günther M, Renjewski D, Seyfarth A.
- The Journal of experimental biology.J Exp Biol.2014 Apr 15;217(Pt 8):1218-28. doi: 10.1242/jeb.097345. Epub 2013 Dec 20.
- Rapid unloading and a peak in power output of the ankle joint have been widely observed during push-off in human walking. Model-based studies hypothesize that this push-off causes redirection of the body center of mass just before touch-down of the leading leg. Other research suggests that work done
- PMID 24363410
Japanese Journal
- 変形性膝関節症における膝関節運動の円滑さに関する運動学的分析 : 角躍度の指標を用いて
- Angular Jerk Costを用いた変形性膝関節症患者の歩行解析
- 看護基礎教育における「フィジカルアセスメント」教育内容の検討 : 文献と主要テキストから
Related Links
- Seen and Heard What made you want to look up knee–jerk? Please tell us where you read or heard it (including the quote, if possible). ... Petulant Chris Christie calls Barack Obama a "petulant child" during a GOP debate
- knee-jerk (nē′jûrk′) adj. Slang 1. Easily predictable; automatic: "quick, easy laughs and knee-jerk responses" (New York). 2. Reacting spontaneously in the expected manner: a knee-jerk cynic. knee′ jerk` n. a reflex extension of the ...
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- patellar reflex (M), patellar tendon renex PTR
- 同
- knee jerk。大腿四頭筋反射 quadriceps femoris reflex、quadriceps reflex
- 関
- 大腿神経、大腿四頭筋
- 膝蓋靭帯を軽く叩くと、大腿四頭筋の筋紡錘が反応して刺激が脊髄に至り、脊髄から大腿四頭筋の反射的な収縮を引き起こす (M.314)
- 大腿四頭筋には大腿神経(L2-L4)が分布しており、これが膝蓋腱反射に関わっている。
[★]
- 急にぐいっと引くこと。急に動くこと
- (筋肉の)反射運動、痙攣。(jerks)痙攣性筋肉運動
- 関
- convulse、convulsion、convulsive、cramp、spasticity