WordNet

give numbers to; "You should number the pages of the thesis"
place a limit on the number of (同)keep_down
a concept of quantity involving zero and units; "every number has a unique position in the sequence"
the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals; "he had a number of chores to do"; "the number of parameters is small"; "the figure was about a thousand" (同)figure
a clothing measurement; "a number 13 shoe"
an item of merchandise offered for sale; "she preferred the black nylon number"; "this sweater is an all-wool number"
a numeral or string of numerals that is used for identification; "she refused to give them her Social Security number" (同)identification number
a select company of people; "I hope to become one of their number before I die"
the grammatical category for the forms of nouns and pronouns and verbs that are used depending on the number of entities involved (singular or dual or plural); "in English the subject and the verb must agree in number"
enumerate; "We must number the names of the great mathematicians" (同)list
so frightened as to be unable to move; stunned or paralyzed with terror; petrified; "too numb with fear to move"
make numb or insensitive; "The shock numbed her senses" (同)benumb, blunt, dull
a nonmetallic element belonging to the halogens; used especially in medicine and photography and in dyes; occurs naturally only in combination in small quantities (as in sea water or rocks) (同)iodin, I, atomic number 53

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉〈C〉(数えて得られる)『数,数量』 / 〈C〉(概念としての)『数,数字』 / 〈C〉『番号』 / 〈C〉(演奏会や演劇の)番組,出し物;曲目 / 〈C〉(雑誌の)号 / 〈U〉(文法で)数(すう) / 《複数形で》数の上の優勢 / 《複数形で》算数 / 〈C〉《単数形で》《話》(商品としての)洋服の1点;商品,売り物 / 〈C〉《単随形で》《俗》女の子 / …‘を'数える / (…の中に,…として)…‘を'含める,加える《+『among』(『with, as』)+『名』》 / …‘に'番号をつける / …‘の'数となる / 《しばしば受動態で》…‘の'数を制限する / 総計(…に)なる《+『in』+『名』〈数〉》
麻痺(まひ)した,感覚を失った,しびれた / …‘の'感覚を失わせる,‘を'しびれさせる
ヨード,ヨウ素(非金属元素;化学記号は『I』)
数学,数学 / (人員などの)数の優勢 / 《米》《the~》=numbers game / 《古》詞句,韻文

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/05/03 14:22:12」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

The iodine value (or "iodine adsorption value" or "iodine number" or "iodine index") in chemistry is the mass of iodine in grams that is consumed by 100 grams of a chemical substance. Iodine numbers are often used to determine the amount of unsaturation in fatty acids. This unsaturation is in the form of double bonds, which react with iodine compounds. The higher the iodine number, the more C=C bonds are present in the fat.^[1] It can be seen from the table that coconut oil is very saturated, which means it is good for making soap. On the other hand, linseed oil is highly unsaturated, which makes it a drying oil, well suited for making oil paints.

Table of iodine values

Fat	Iodine number^[1]
Tung oil	7002163000000000000♠163 – 173
Grape seed oil	7002124000000000000♠124 – 143
Palm oil	7001440000000000000♠44 – 51
Olive oil	7001800000000000000♠80 – 88
Coconut oil	7000700000000000000♠7 – 12
Palm kernel oil	7001160000000000000♠16 – 19
Cocoa butter	7001350000000000000♠35 – 40
Jojoba oil	7001800000000000000♠80 ~80
Poppyseed oil	7002133000000000000♠133 ~133
Cottonseed oil	7002100000000000000♠100 – 117
Corn oil	7002109000000000000♠109 – 133
Wheat germ oil^[2]	7002115000000000000♠115 – 134
Sunflower oil	7002125000000000000♠125 – 144
Linseed oil	7002136000000000000♠136 – 178
Soybean oil	7002120000000000000♠120 – 136
Peanut oil	7001840000000000000♠84 – 105
Rice bran oil	7001950000000000000♠95 – 108
Walnut oil^[3]	7002120000000000000♠120 – 140

Methodology

This particular analysis is an example of iodometry. A solution of iodine is yellow/brown in color. When this is added to a solution to be tested, however, any chemical group (usually in this test C=C double bonds) that react with iodine effectively reduce the strength, or magnitude of the colour (by taking iodine out of solution). Thus the amount of iodine required to make a solution retain the characteristic yellow/brown colour can effectively be used to determine the amount of iodine sensitive groups present in the solution.

The chemical reaction associated with this method of analysis involves formation of the diiodo alkane (R and R' symbolize alkyl or other organic groups):

The precursor alkene (RCH=CHR') is colourless and so is the organoiodine product (RCHI-CHIR').

In a typical procedure, the fatty acid is treated with an excess of the Hanuš or Wijs solution, which are, respectively, solutions of iodine monobromide (IBr) and iodine monochloride (ICl) in glacial acetic acid. Unreacted iodine monobromide (or monochloride) is then allowed to react with potassium iodide, converting it to iodine, whose concentration can be determined by titration with sodium thiosulfate.^[4] ^[5]

Methods for the determination of iodine value

Huebl's iodine

Introduced the iodine value was Hübl which titrated fats in the presence of mercuric chloride with iodine, but with the actual reagent (probably iodine chloride) is formed in situ from mercuric chloride and iodine. Pure iodine accumulates concerned not to alkenes, which is why the still valid definition of iodine is only a formal one.

Wijs iodine value after

Addition of iodine chloride and back-titration with sodium by DIN 53241-1:1995-05.

Iodine by H. P. Kaufmann

(Bromination of the double bonds in the dark, reducing the excess bromine with iodide, backtitration of iodine with thiosulfate)

The fat is mixed with an excess of bromine. This bromine is added to the double bonds in the unsaturated fats. This reaction must be carried out in the dark, since the formation of bromine radicals is suppressed by light. This would lead to undesirable side reactions, and thus falsifying a result consumption of bromine.

Then the unused bromine is reduced to bromide with iodide.

Now, the amount of iodine formed is determined by titration with sodium thiosulfate solution.

Related methods of analysis

Saponification value
Acid number
Bromine number
Hydroxyl value
Hydrogen number

References

^ ^a ^b Thomas, Alfred (2002). "Fats and Fatty Oils". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a10_173.
^ http://online.personalcarecouncil.org/ctfa-static/online/lists/cir-pdfs/pr248.pdf
^ http://thesoapdish.com/oil-properties-chart.htm
^ Firestone D (May–Jun 1994). "Determination of the iodine value of oils and fats: summary of collaborative study". J AOAC Int. 77 (3): 674–6. PMID 8012219.
^ Obtaining the Iodine Value of Various Oils via Bromination with Pyridinium Tribromide Michael Simurdiak, Olushola Olukoga, and Kirk Hedberg Journal of Chemical Education Article ASAP doi:10.1021/acs.jchemed.5b00283

UpToDate Contents

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1. ヨード欠乏症 iodine deficiency disorders
2. ヨード誘発性甲状腺機能異常症 iodine induced thyroid dysfunction
3. ヨウ素による甲状腺機能亢進症の治療 iodine in the treatment of hyperthyroidism
4. 妊娠していない成人におけるグレーブス甲状腺機能亢進症：治療の概要 graves hyperthyroidism in nonpregnant adults overview of treatment
5. 妊娠中の甲状腺疾患の概要 overview of thyroid disease in pregnancy

English Journal

Conversion of dried Aspergillus candidus mycelia grown on waste whey to biodiesel by in situ acid transesterification.

Kakkad H1, Khot M1, Zinjarde S1, RaviKumar A2, Ravi Kumar V3, Kulkarni BD3.
Bioresource technology.Bioresour Technol.2015 Dec;197:502-7. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.07.118. Epub 2015 Aug 28.
This study reports optimization of the transesterification reaction step on dried biomass of an oleaginous fungus Aspergillus candidus grown on agro-dairy waste, whey. Acid catalyzed transesterification was performed and variables affecting esterification, viz., catalyst methanol and chloroform conc
PMID 26362462

Enhancement of lipid production and fatty acid profiling in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, CC1010 for biodiesel production.

Karpagam R1, Preeti R1, Ashokkumar B2, Varalakshmi P3.
Ecotoxicology and environmental safety.Ecotoxicol Environ Saf.2015 Nov;121:253-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.03.015. Epub 2015 Mar 31.
Lipid from microalgae is one of the putative oil resources to facilitate the biodiesel production during this era of energy dissipation and environmental pollution. In this study, the key parameters such as biomass productivity, lipid productivity and lipid content were evaluated at the early statio
PMID 25838071

Functional human TSHβ splice variant produced by plasma cell may be involved in the immunologic injury of thyroid in the patient with Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

Liu CR1, Miao J2, Zhao ZK2, Li LY3, Liu YM2, Zhang YL2, Li XH2, Liu YQ2, Gu YJ2, Zhao Y2, Luo JW2.
Molecular and cellular endocrinology.Mol Cell Endocrinol.2015 Oct 15;414:132-42. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.06.009. Epub 2015 Jul 11.
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis (HT) is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in areas of the world where iodine levels are sufficient. However, the pathogenesis of HT has not been completely elucidated. The first functional human TSHβ splice variant was supposed to be involved in the pathology of Hashim
PMID 26170068

Japanese Journal

Antibacterial iodine-supported titanium implants

Shirai Toshiharu,Shimizu Takaki,Ohtani Kaori,Zen Yoh,Takaya M.,Tsuchiya Hiroyuki
Acta Biomaterialia 7(4), 1928-1933, 2011-04
… This study focused on evaluating the antibacterial activity of iodine-supported titanium (Ti-I 2) and its impact on post-implant infection, as well as determining the potential suitability of Ti-I2 as a biomaterial. … In addition, cytocompatibility was assessed by counting the number of colonies that formed on the metals. …
NAID 120002924881

水の凍結が促進する酸化・還元反応 : ヨウ化物イオン酸性水溶液の凍結によるヨウ素生成

本田数博,森義仁,寺前裕之,長嶋雲兵
Journal of computer chemistry, Japan 9(1), 205-210, 2010-12-30
常識的には反応が進行しないか抑制されると考えられる水溶液の凍結過程および巨視的な氷固相内における酸化•還元反応の例として，ヨウ化物イオン酸性水溶液の凍結によるヨウ素I<span class="x-2">2</span>生成反応を取り上げ，その反応メカニズムを分子力学法を用いて解析した．ヨウ化物イオン酸性水溶液を用いたI<span class="x-2"&g …
NAID 10028165226