WordNet

(computer science) the condition of a file that is broken up and stored in many different locations on a magnetic disk; "fragmentation slows system performance because it takes extra time to locate and assemble the parts of the fragmented file"
the disintegration of social norms governing behavior and thought and social relationships
the scattering of bomb fragments after the bomb explodes
the 4th letter of the Roman alphabet (同)d

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In vitro toxicity of colistin on primary chick cortex neurons and its potential mechanism.

Dai C, Zhang D, Gao R, Zhang X, Li J, Li J.SourceCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, PR China.
Environmental toxicology and pharmacology.Environ Toxicol Pharmacol.2013 Jul 8;36(2):659-666. doi: 10.1016/j.etap.2013.06.013. [Epub ahead of print]
Colistin is increasingly used as the last-line therapy for infections caused by Gram-negative 'superbugs'. Although colistin neurotoxicity was reported in the literature, there has no data on its mechanism. In the present study, we examined the effect of colistin on primary chick neuron cells, which
PMID 23892071

Erucin and benzyl isothiocyanate suppress growth of late stage primary human ovarian carcinoma cells and telomerase activity in vitro.

Lamy E, Oey D, Eißmann F, Herz C, Münstedt K, Tinneberg HR, Mersch-Sundermann V.SourceUniversity Medical Center Freiburg, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Breisacher Strasse 115b, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
Phytotherapy research : PTR.Phytother Res.2013 Jul;27(7):1036-41. doi: 10.1002/ptr.4798. Epub 2012 Sep 5.
In the present study we analysed the effects of isothiocyanates (ITCs) - plant-derived sulphur-containing constituents known for their potential chemotherapeutic activity - on growth inhibition and programmed death in primary ovarian carcinoma cells from ascites of human patients. Twenty-four hour e
PMID 22949403

(4-Methoxyphenyl)(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)methanone inhibits tubulin polymerization, induces G2/M arrest, and triggers apoptosis in human leukemia HL-60 cells.

Magalhães HI, Wilke DV, Bezerra DP, Cavalcanti BC, Rotta R, de Lima DP, Beatriz A, Moraes MO, Diniz-Filho J, Pessoa C.SourceDepartamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
Toxicology and applied pharmacology.Toxicol Appl Pharmacol.2013 Jun 10. pii: S0041-008X(13)00264-0. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.06.001. [Epub ahead of print]
(4-Methoxyphenyl)(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)methanone (PHT) is a known cytotoxic compound belonging to the phenstatin family. However, the exact mechanism of action of PHT-induced cell death remains to be determined. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms underlying PHT-induced cytotox
PMID 23756174

Biological Activities and Possible Dental Application of Three Major Groups of Polyphenols

Journal of Pharmacological Sciences 126(2), 92-106, 2014
… Several compounds showing higher tumor-selectivity did not induce internucleosomal DNA fragmentation, a biochemical hallmark of apoptosis, in oral carcinoma cell lines. …
NAID 130004690917

New Biological Activities of Rhinacanthins from the Root of Rhinacanthus nasutus

堀井春香,鈴木龍一郎,坂上宏,友村美根子,友村明人,白瀧義明
Anticancer Research 33(2), 453-459, 2013-02
… DNA fragmentation was assayed by agarose gel electrophoresis. … Rhinacanthin C did not induce internucleosomal DNA fragmentation nor caspase-3 activation, suggesting non-apoptotic cell death. …
NAID 120005520782

Induction of Apoptotic Cell Death in HL-60 Cells by Jacaranda Seed Oil Derived Fatty Acids

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Journal of Oleo Science 62(11), 925-932, 2013
… An increase in the sub-G1 population and internucleosomal fragmentation of DNA was observed in JA- and JFA-treated cells, indicating induction of apoptotic cell death. …
NAID 130004436004