WordNet

of or characteristic of low rank or importance
one of lesser rank or station or quality
having an orbit between the sun and the Earths orbit; "Mercury and Venus are inferior planets"
lower than a given reference point; "inferior alveolar artery"
of low or inferior quality
become tight or as if tight; "Her throat constricted" (同)constringe, narrow
any of various large nonvenomous snakes that kill their prey by crushing it in its coils

PrepTutorEJDIC

《所有・所属》…『の』,…のものである,…に属する・《材料・要素》…『でできた』,から成る・《部分》…『の』[『中の』] ・《数量・単位・種類を表す名詞に付いて》…の・《原因・動機》…『で』,のために(because of) ・《主格関係》…『の』,による,によって・《目的格関係》…『を』,の・《同格関係》…『という』・《関係・関連》…『についての』[『の』],の点で・《抽象名詞などと共に》…の[性質をもつ] ・《『It is』+『形』+『of』+『名』+『to』 doの形で,ofの後の名詞を意味上の主語として》・《分離》…『から』・《起原・出所》…『から』[『の』](out of) ・《『名』+『of』+『a』(『an』)+『名』の形で》…のような・《『名』+『of』+『mine』(『yours, his』など独立所有格)の形で》…の…・《時》(1)《副詞句を作って》…に《形容詞句を作って》…の・《時刻》《米》…前(to,《米》before)
(階級・親分・質・程度などが)『下の』,『劣る』, / (位置が)低い,下方の / 目下の者;劣った人
〈物など〉'を'締めつける,圧縮する
括役筋・周縮筋 / 獲物を締め殺ず大蛇(ぼあなと)

UpToDate Contents

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1. 下顎、口、口腔、および咽頭の先天異常 congenital anomalies of the jaw mouth oral cavity and pharynx
2. 消化管穿孔の概要 overview of gastrointestinal tract perforation
3. 口腔咽頭嚥下障害：病因および臨床症状 oropharyngeal dysphagia etiology and pathogenesis
4. 甲状腺の外科解剖学 surgical anatomy of the thyroid gland
5. 成人における閉塞性睡眠時無呼吸の外科的治療 surgical treatment of obstructive sleep apnea in adults

English Journal

Autologous myoblast transplantation for oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy: a phase i/iia clinical study.

Périé S1, Trollet C2, Mouly V2, Vanneaux V3, Mamchaoui K2, Bouazza B2, Marolleau JP4, Laforêt P5, Chapon F6, Eymard B5, Butler-Browne G2, Larghero J3, St Guily JL1.Author information 11] Service d'Oto-Rhino-Laryngologie et de Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France [2] Université Paris VI Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France [3] Thérapie des maladies du muscle strié/ Institut de Myologie, UM76, INSERM U974, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France [4] CNRS UMR 7215, Paris, France.21] Université Paris VI Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France [2] Thérapie des maladies du muscle strié/ Institut de Myologie, UM76, INSERM U974, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France [3] CNRS UMR 7215, Paris, France.3Unité de Thérapie Cellulaire et CIC-BT501, Hôpital Saint Louis, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.4Amiens Hospital, Hematology Department, Avenue René Laennec, 80054 Amiens Cedex 1, France.5Service de Neurologie, Consultation de Pathologies Neuromusculaires, Institut de myologie, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Faculté de Médecine & Université Paris VI Pierre et Marie Curie, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France.6CHU de Caen, Centre de Compétences des Pathologies Neuro-musculaires, Service de Médecine Physique et Réadaptation, Avenue de la Côte de Nacre, CS 30001, 14033 CAEN CEDEX 9, France et INSERM, U 1075 COMETE, France.AbstractOculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) is a late-onset autosomal dominant genetic disease mainly characterized by ptosis and dysphagia. We conducted a phase I/IIa clinical study (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00773227) using autologous myoblast transplantation following myotomy in adult OPMD patients. This study included 12 patients with clinical diagnosis of OPMD, indication for cricopharyngeal myotomy, and confirmed genetic diagnosis. The feasibility and safety end points of both autologous myoblast transplantation and the surgical procedure were assessed by videoendoscopy in addition to physical examinations. Potential therapeutic benefit was also assessed through videoendoscopy and videofluoroscopy of swallowing, quality of life score, dysphagia grade, and a drink test. Patients were injected with a median of 178 million myoblasts following myotomy. Short and long-term (2 years) safety and tolerability were observed in all the patients, with no adverse effects. There was an improvement in the quality of life score for all 12 patients, and no functional degradation in swallowing was observed for 10 patients. A cell dose-dependant improvement in swallowing was even observed in this study. This trial supports the hypothesis that a local injection of autologous myoblasts in the pharyngeal muscles is a safe and efficient procedure for OPMD patients.
Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy.Mol Ther.2014 Jan;22(1):219-25. doi: 10.1038/mt.2013.155. Epub 2013 Jul 8.
Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) is a late-onset autosomal dominant genetic disease mainly characterized by ptosis and dysphagia. We conducted a phase I/IIa clinical study (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00773227) using autologous myoblast transplantation following myotomy in adult OPMD patients. Th
PMID 23831596

Radiation dose to the floor of mouth muscles predicts swallowing complications following chemoradiation in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Kumar R1, Madanikia S2, Starmer H3, Yang W2, Murano E3, Alcorn S2, McNutt T2, Le Y2, Quon H4.Author information 1Department of Radiation Oncology & Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Electronic address: rkumar16@jhmi.edu.2Department of Radiation Oncology & Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.3Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.4Department of Radiation Oncology & Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Electronic address: hquon2@jhmi.edu.AbstractOBJECTIVES: While radiation dose to the larynx and pharyngeal constrictors has been the focus of swallowing complications, the suprahyoid muscles, or floor of mouth (FoM) muscles, are critical for hyoid and laryngeal elevation and effective bolus diversion, preventing penetration and aspiration. We hypothesize that radiation dose to these muscles may be important in the development of dysphagia.
Oral oncology.Oral Oncol.2014 Jan;50(1):65-70. doi: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2013.10.002. Epub 2013 Nov 12.
OBJECTIVES: While radiation dose to the larynx and pharyngeal constrictors has been the focus of swallowing complications, the suprahyoid muscles, or floor of mouth (FoM) muscles, are critical for hyoid and laryngeal elevation and effective bolus diversion, preventing penetration and aspiration. We
PMID 24238851

Gross anatomical observations of attachments of the middle pharyngeal constrictor.

Sakamoto Y.Author information Basic Sciences of Oral Health Care, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.AbstractThe pharyngeal muscles overlap each other and some of their parts have different areas of origin. Such arrangements make the interrelationships among pharyngeal muscles complicated. This study investigated the attachments of the middle constrictor to clarify its configuration and re-examine its functions. The gross anatomies of the pharyngeal and neighboring muscles were examined in 41 cadavers. The middle constrictor arose from the stylohyoid ligament and the hyoid bone, and its fibers were divided into three overlapping groups. The anterosuperior group ascended posterosuperiorly from the ligament and the lesser horn and fanned out. The middle group ascended posterosuperiorly from the greater horn and fanned out. The posteroinferior group fanned out from the posterior part of the greater horn, while the middle constrictor arose internally to the hyoglossus; some fibers often passed externally, and their fibers sometimes intersected around the lingual artery, which ran between them. Some fibers attached to the hyoglossus, occasionally to the stylohyoid and the posterior belly of the digastric, but seldom to the lingual artery and the triticeal cartilage in the thyrohyoid ligament. The three groups were inserted into the pharyngeal raphe, and the descending fibers joined the longitudinal pharyngeal muscles. The ascending and descending fibers rarely reached the top of the pharynx and the thyroid cartilage, respectively. The fiber arrangement suggested that, besides constriction of the pharynx, the ascending and descending fibers of the middle constrictor can act as an elevator muscle, and the irregular attachments could affect the functions of the muscles and vessels. Clin. Anat., 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clinical anatomy (New York, N.Y.).Clin Anat.2013 Dec 17. doi: 10.1002/ca.22344. [Epub ahead of print]
The pharyngeal muscles overlap each other and some of their parts have different areas of origin. Such arrangements make the interrelationships among pharyngeal muscles complicated. This study investigated the attachments of the middle constrictor to clarify its configuration and re-examine its func
PMID 24343865