WordNet

abnormal narrowing of a bodily canal or passageway (同)stricture
a narrowing that reduces the flow through a channel (同)bottleneck, chokepoint
the action or process of compressing
tight or narrow compression (同)coarctation
a tight feeling in some part of the body; "he felt a constriction in her chest"; "she felt an alarming tightness in her chest"; "emotion caused a constriction of his throat" (同)tightness
become tight or as if tight; "Her throat constricted" (同)constringe, narrow
severe criticism

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉締めつけること,圧縮・〈U〉(胸などが)締めつけられる感じ / 〈C〉締めつけるもの
締めつける,圧縮する
〈物など〉'を'締めつける,圧縮する
《しばしば複数形で》(…についての)非難,酷評《+on(upon)+名》 / (管状器官の)狭窄

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/05/25 23:42:44」(JST)

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A stenosis (/stəˈnoʊsɨs/;^[1]^[2] plural: stenoses, /stəˈnoʊˌsiːz/) (from Ancient Greek στένωσις, "narrowing") is an abnormal narrowing in a blood vessel or other tubular organ or structure. It is also sometimes called a stricture (as in urethral stricture).^[3] The term coarctation is a synonym,^[4] but is commonly used only in the context of aortic coarctation.

Restenosis is the recurrence of stenosis after a procedure.

Diagnosis

Stenoses of the vascular type are often associated with unusual blood sounds resulting from turbulent flow over the narrowed blood vessel. This sound can be made audible by a stethoscope, but diagnosis is generally made or confirmed with some form of medical imaging.

Causes

atherosclerosis causes stenotic lesions in arteries.
birth defects
diabetes
iatrogenic, e.g. secondary to radiation therapy
infection
inflammation
ischemia
neoplasm – in such cases, the stenosis is often said to be "malignant" or "benign", although this attribute actually refers to the neoplasm itself.
smoking
ureteral
urethral
Calcification

Types

The resulting syndrome depends on the structure affected.

Examples of vascular stenotic lesions include:

Intermittent claudication (peripheral artery stenosis)
Angina (coronary artery stenosis)
Carotid artery stenosis which predispose to (strokes and transient ischaemic episodes)
Renal artery stenosis

The types of stenoses in heart valves are:

Pulmonary valve stenosis, which is the thickening of the pulmonary valve, therefore causing narrowing
Mitral stenosis, which is the thickening of the mitral valve (of the left heart), therefore causing narrowing
Tricuspid valve stenosis, which is the thickening of the tricuspid valve (of the right heart), therefore causing narrowing
Aortic valve stenosis, which is the thickening of the aortic valve, therefore causing narrowing

Stenoses/strictures of other bodily structures/organs include:

Pyloric stenosis (gastric outflow obstruction)
Lumbar, cervical or thoracic spinal stenosis
Subglottic stenosis (SGS)
Tracheal stenosis
Obstructive jaundice (biliary tract stenosis)
Bowel obstruction
Phimosis
Non-communicating hydrocephalus
Stenosing tenosynovitis

References

Notes

^ OED 2nd edition, 1989, as /stɪˈnəʊsɪs/.
^ Entry "stenosis" in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary.
^ "Dorlands Medical Dictionary:stenosis". www.mercksource.com. Retrieved 2010-05-05.
^ "coarctation" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary

External links

Tracheal Stenosis Audio and Video

UpToDate Contents

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5. 血液透析用の動静脈グラフトおよび動静脈痩の狭窄および血栓性合併症の治療の概要 overview of the treatment of stenosis and thrombotic complications of hemodialysis arteriovenous grafts and fistulas

English Journal

Flow pattern analysis in a highly stenotic patient-specific carotid bifurcation model using a turbulence model.

Li ZY1, Tan FP, Soloperto G, Wood NB, Xu XY, Gillard JH.
Computer methods in biomechanics and biomedical engineering.Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin.2015 Aug;18(10):1099-1107. Epub 2014 Feb 27.
The aim of this study is to investigate the blood flow pattern in carotid bifurcation with a high degree of luminal stenosis, combining in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). A newly developed two-equation transitional model was employed to evaluate wall she
PMID 24576092

Proangiogenic potency of MUC18 in arteriosclerotic disease.

Shayesteh-Kheslat R1, Kauffels A, Rubie C, Frick VO, Wagner M, Kollmar O, Schilling MK.
The Journal of cardiovascular surgery.J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino).2015 Jun;56(3):409-15.
AIM: Stenotic peripheral and dilatative arteriosclerotic diseases have different pathomechanism although associations between both diseases are well known. The adhesion molecule MUC18 is a cell membrane glycoprotein also known as the melanoma cell adhesion molecule. As MUC18 has proangiogenic potenc
PMID 25729916

A small molecule PAI-1 functional inhibitor attenuates neointimal hyperplasia and vascular smooth muscle cell survival by promoting PAI-1 cleavage.

Simone TM1, Higgins SP2, Archambeault J3, Higgins CE4, Ginnan RG5, Singer H6, Higgins PJ7.
Cellular signalling.Cell Signal.2015 May;27(5):923-33. doi: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.01.009. Epub 2015 Jan 22.
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), the primary inhibitor of urokinase-and tissue-type plasminogen activators (uPA and tPA), is an injury-response gene implicated in the development of tissue fibrosis and cardiovascular disease. PAI-1 mRNA and protein levels were elevated in the balloon cathe
PMID 25617690