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the secretion of saliva

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つばを出すこと;だ液分泌過多,流涎(りゅうぜん)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/06/19 21:02:26」(JST)

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Hypersalivation (also called ptyalism,^[1] and sialorrhea,^[2]) is excessive production of saliva. It has also been defined as increased amount of saliva in the mouth, which may also be caused by decreased clearance of saliva.^[3]

Hypersalivation can contribute to drooling if there is an inability to keep the mouth closed or in difficulty in swallowing (dysphagia) the excess saliva.

Hypersalivation also often precedes emesis (vomiting), where it accompanies nausea (a feeling of needing to vomit).^[4]

Causes

Excessive production

Conditions that can cause saliva overproduction include:^[3]

Rabies
Gastroesophageal reflux disease, in such cases specifically called a water brash, and is characterized by a sour fluid or almost tasteless saliva in the mouth^[5]
Pregnancy
Excessive starch intake
Pancreatitis
Liver disease
Serotonin syndrome
Mouth ulcers^{[medical citation needed]}
Oral infections

Medications that can cause overproduction of saliva include:^[3]

clozapine
pilocarpine
ketamine
potassium chlorate
risperidone
rabeprazole sodium (Aciphex)

Toxins that can cause hypersalivation include:^[3]

mercury
copper
organophosphates (insecticide)
arsenic

Decreased clearance

Causes of decreased clearance of saliva include:^[3]

Infections such as tonsillitis, retropharyngeal and peritonsillar abscesses, epiglottitis and mumps.
Problems with the jaw, e.g., fracture or dislocation
Radiation therapy
Neurologic disorders such as myasthenia gravis, Parkinson's disease, Multiple System Atrophy, rabies, bulbar paralysis, bilateral facial nerve palsy and hypoglossal nerve palsy.

Treatment

Hypersalivation is optimally treated by treating or avoiding the underlying cause.^[3] Mouthwash and tooth brushing may have drying effects.^[3]

References

^ thefreedictionary.com > ptyalism Citing:
- Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Health Consumers. 2007
- Mosby's Medical Dictionary, 8th edition. 2009
- Saunders Comprehensive Veterinary Dictionary, 3 ed. 2007
^ thefreedictionary.com > sialorrhea Citing:
- The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition, Updated in 2009.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Medscape > Hypersalivation By Erica Brownfield. Posted: 05/19/2004
^ Clark], [edited by Parveen Kumar, Michael (2005). Kumar & Clark clinical medicine (6th ed. ed.). Edinburgh: Elsevier Saunders. p. 266. ISBN 0702027634.
^ thefreedictionary.com > water brash Citing: Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Health Consumers. 2007

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Use of botulinum toxin in pediatric otolaryngology and laryngology.

Shogan AN1, Rogers DJ2, Hartnick CJ2, Kerschner JE3.
International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology.Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol.2014 Sep;78(9):1423-1425. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2014.06.026. Epub 2014 Jun 30.
The use of botulinum toxin in adult otolaryngology has been commonly used in conditions such as spasmodic dysphonia, cricopharyngeal spasm, palatal myoclonus, sialorrhea, and for cosmetic reasons. The current use of botulinum toxin in pediatric otolaryngology and laryngology has primarily been off l
PMID 25048857

Post-vaccinal distemper encephalitis in two Border Collie cross littermates.

Fairley R1, Knesl O, Pesavento P, Elias B.
New Zealand veterinary journal.N Z Vet J.2014 Aug 14:1-8. [Epub ahead of print]
Abstract CASE HISTORY: One 4.5-month-old male Border Collie cross presented with aggression and seizures in October 2006. A 16-month-old, female, spayed Border Collie cross presented with hypersalivation and a dropped jaw and rapidly became stuporous in September 2007. The dogs were littermates and
PMID 25120026

Glycopyrrolate for treatment of clozapine-induced sialorrhea in adults.

Blissit KT1, Tillery E2, Latham C2, Pacheco-Perez J2.
American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists.Am J Health Syst Pharm.2014 Aug 1;71(15):1282-7. doi: 10.2146/ajhp130636.
PURPOSE: Four cases in which glycopyrrolate was used to treat clozapine-induced sialorrhea (CIS) are reported.SUMMARY: Glycopyrrolate is an antimuscarinic agent that can be used preoperatively to inhibit drooling and excessive secretions of the respiratory tract. The outcomes of four patients who re
PMID 25027535

Japanese Journal

Expression of Various Glutamate Receptors Including N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor (NMDAR) in an Ovarian Teratoma Removed from a Young Woman with Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis

Tachibana Naoko,Shirakawa Takashi,Ishii Keiko,Takahashi Yukitoshi,Tanaka Keiko,Arima Kunimasa,Yoshida Takuhiro,Ikeda Shu-ichi
Internal Medicine 49(19), 2167-2173, 2010
… A 21-year-old woman developed psychiatric symptoms, progressive unresponsiveness, generalized seizures, severe dyskinesia, marked fluctuation of blood pressure, and hypersalivation after a flu-like episode. …
NAID 130000413515