ヒト閉経期ゴナドトロピン
WordNet
- sing with closed lips; "She hummed a melody"
- a humming noise; "the hum of distant traffic" (同)humming
- be noisy with activity; "This office is buzzing with activity" (同)buzz, seethe
- sound with a monotonous hum (同)thrum
- make a low continuous sound; "The refrigerator is humming"
- relating to a person; "the experiment was conducted on 6 monkeys and 2 human subjects"
- characteristic of humanity; "human nature"
- having human form or attributes as opposed to those of animals or divine beings; "human beings"; "the human body"; "human kindness"; "human frailty"
- of or relating to the menopause
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 〈ハチ・機械などが〉『ブンブンいう』,ブーンと鳴る / 『鼻歌を歌う』,ハミングスル / (ちゅうちょ・当惑で)ふむふむいう / 《話》〈雰囲気・事業などが〉活気がある,活発に動く;(…で)活気づく《+『with』+『名』》 / …‘を'『ハミングで歌う』,鼻歌を歌って…‘を'(ある状熊に)する / (ハチ・機械などの)『ブンブン』[『うなる音』];鼻歌 / (雑踏などの)ガヤガヤ]いう音],騒音 / ふ‐む,う‐ん(ちゅうちょ・当惑・黙考・疑惑・不快などの声)
- (動物・神に対して)『人間の』,人の / 『人間らいし』,人間的な,人情味のある / 〈C〉《複数形》(動物に怠して)人間(human being) / 〈U〉《the human》人類
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/02/05 14:58:47」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
Menotropin
| Clinical data |
| Trade names |
Repronex |
| MedlinePlus |
a601002 |
| Identifiers |
| CAS Number |
61489-71-2 Y |
| ATC code |
G03GA02 |
| ChemSpider |
none |
| UNII |
5Y9QQM372Q Y |
|
| NY (what is this?) (verify) |
Menotropin (also called human menopausal gonadotropin or hMG) is a hormonally active medication for the treatment of fertility disturbances. Frequently the plural is used as the medication is a mixture of gonadotropins. Menotropins are extracted from the urine of postmenopausal women.[1]
Contents
- 1 Description and usage
- 2 List of hMG preparations
- 3 See also
- 4 References
- 5 External links
Description and usage
Urine of postmenopausal women reflects the hypergonadotropic state of menopause -levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) are high - and contain a mixture of these gonadotropins.[2][3][4] Other protein substances may be present, including small amounts of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).[1] In 1949 Piero Donini found a relatively simple method to extract gonadotropins from urine of postmenopausal women.[4][5] Menotropins were successfully introduced into clinical use by Bruno Lunenfeld in 1961.[4] While earlier menotropin medications contained FSH and LH at a 1:1 ratio, the recognition that it is FSH that is critical for follicle stimulation has led to development of newer preparations that contain a much higher FSH/LH ratio, Fertinex being an example.[4]
Menotropin preparations are designed for use in selected women where they stimulate the ovaries to mature follicles, thus making them more fertile. They are administered by typically daily injection, intramuscularly or subcutaneously, for about ten days under close supervision to adjust dose and duration of therapy. They can also be used in hypogonadal men to stimulate sperm production.
Human urinary-derived menotropin preparations are exposed to the theoretical risk of infection from menopausal donors of urine. Nevertheless, the failure to irrefutably demonstrate infectivity following intracerebral inoculation with urine from transmissible spongiform encephalopathy(TSE)-infected hosts suggests that the risk associated with products derived from urine is merely theoretical.[6]
Recombinant gonadotropins have to a large degree replaced hMG in fertility treatments. The recombinant process allows for the production of pure FSH or LH not "contaminated" by other proteins that may be present after urinary extraction. While some head-on studies seem not to suggest that "pure FSH" gives better results than hMG.,[7] others claim that recombinant FSH is more efficient and reduces costs.[8] A Cochrane Collaboration analysis did not reveal major differences in clinical outcomes when comparing urinary versus recombinant FSH.[9]
The Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine reported:[10] “Compared with earlier crude animal extracts, modern highly purified urinary and recombinant gonadotropin products have clearly superior quality, specific activity, and performance. There are no confirmed differences in safety, purity, or clinical efficacy among the various available urinary or recombinant gonadotropin products.”
List of hMG preparations
A number of drug companies have and had marketed hMG preparations that include:[11]
- HUMOG (Bharat Serums And Vaccines Ltd)
-
- highly purified urinary FSH and LH in 1:1 ratio
- Humegon (Organon),
- Menopur (Ferring Pharmaceuticals), 75 IU FSH and 75 IU LH activity
- Merional (IBSA Institut)
- Menogon,
- Metrodin (Serono),
-
- highly purified urinary FSH
- Repronex (Ferring Pharmaceuticals), 75 IU FSH and 75 IU LH
- Pergonal (Serono),
-
- Pergonal was the major hMG prior to the arrival of recombinant gonadotropins containing 75 IU FSH and 75 IU LH.
- HMG Massone, 75 IU FSH and 75 IU LH
See also
- Gonadotropin preparations
References
- ^ a b Van De Weijer, B. H.; Mulders, J. W.; Bos, E. S.; Verhaert, P. D.; Van Den Hooven, H. W. (2003). "Compositional analyses of a human menopausal gonadotrophin preparation extracted from urine (menotropin). Identification of some of its major impurities". Reproductive biomedicine online 7 (5): 547–557. doi:10.1016/S1472-6483(10)62071-8. PMID 14680547.
- ^ Menotropins at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
- ^ TheFreeDictionary > Menotropin Citing: Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Health Consumers. 2007
- ^ a b c d Lunenfeld B. "Historical perspectives in gonadotropin therapy". Human reproductive Update 2004, 10 (6):453-467. doi:10.1093/humupd/dmh044. Retrieved 2013-11-25.
- ^ Unknown. "Serono goes recombinant". Serono Laboratories, 2011. Retrieved 2013-11-24.
- ^ Reichl H, Balen A, Jansen CA (October 2002). "Prion transmission in blood and urine: what are the implications for recombinant and urinary-derived gonadotrophins?". Hum. Reprod. 17 (10): 2501–8. doi:10.1093/humrep/17.10.2501. PMID 12351519.
- ^ Bagratee, J. S.; Lockwood, G.; López Bernal, A.; Barlow, D. H.; Ledger, W. L. (1998). "Comparison of highly purified FSH (metrodin-high purity) with pergonal for IVF superovulation". Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics 15 (2): 65–69. doi:10.1007/BF02766827. PMC 3455420. PMID 9513843.
- ^ Daya, S.; Ledger, W.; Auray, J. P.; Duru, G.; Silverberg, K.; Wikland, M.; Bouzayen, R.; Howles, C. M.; Beresniak, A. (2001). "Cost-effectiveness modelling of recombinant FSH versus urinary FSH in assisted reproduction techniques in the UK". Human reproduction (Oxford, England) 16 (12): 2563–2569. doi:10.1093/humrep/16.12.2563. PMID 11726575.
- ^ Van Wely, M.; Kwan, I.; Burt, A. L.; Thomas, J.; Vail, A.; Van Der Veen, F.; Al-Inany, H. G. (2011). Van Wely, Madelon, ed. "Recombinant versus urinary gonadotrophin for ovarian stimulation in assisted reproductive technology cycles". The Cochrane Library (2): CD005354. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005354.pub2. PMID 21328276.
- ^ Practice Committee Of American Society For Reproductive Medicine, Birmingham (November 2008). "Gonadotropin preparations: past, present, and future perspectives". Fertil. Steril. 90 (5 Suppl): S13–20. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.08.031. PMID 19007609.
- ^ Fuller, Matthew A.; Martha Sajatovic (2003). Drug Information Handbook for Psychiatry (4 ed.). Lexi-Comp, Inc. p. 711. ISBN 1-59195-064-3.
External links
- "Menotropins" on Yahoo health
|
Gonadotropins and GnRH (G03G)
|
|
Gonadotropin
preparations |
| Gonadotropins |
- Follicle-stimulating hormone
- Human chorionic gonadotropin
- Luteinizing hormone
- Menotropin
- Urofollitropin
|
|
| Antigonadotropins |
- Sex steroids (via negative feedback on the HPG axis): Androgens (incl. anabolic steroids, e.g., nandrolone, oxandrolone)
- Estrogens (incl., estradiol, ethinyl estradiol, diethylstilbestrol, paroxypropione)
- Progestogens (incl., allylestrenol, chlormadinone acetate, cyproterone acetate, delmadinone acetate, dydrogesterone, medroxyprogesterone acetate, megestrol acetate, nomegestrol acetate, norethisterone acetate, progesterone, spironolactone)
- Uncategorized (incl. danazol, gestrinone)
|
|
|
| GnRH inhibitors |
| Agonists |
- Buserelin
- Deslorelin
- GnRH (gonadorelin)
- Goserelin
- Histrelin
- Leuprorelin
- Nafarelin
- Triptorelin
|
|
| Antagonists |
- Abarelix
- Cetrorelix
- Degarelix
- Elagolix†
- Ganirelix
- Relugolix§
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|
|
- #WHO-EM
- ‡Withdrawn from market
- Clinical trials:
- †Phase III
- §Never to phase III
|
Index of reproductive medicine
|
|
| Description |
- Anatomy
- Physiology
- Development
- sex determination and differentiation
|
|
| Disease |
- Infections
- Congenital
- Neoplasms and cancer
- male
- female
- gonadal
- germ cell
- Other
- Symptoms and signs
|
|
| Treatment |
- Procedures
- Drugs
- benign prostatic hypertrophy
- erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation
- sexual dysfunction
- infection
- hormones
- androgens
- estrogens
- progestogens
- GnRH
- prolactin
- Assisted reproduction
- Birth control
|
|
|
|
Assisted reproductive technology
|
|
| Infertility |
- Female
- Male
- Fertility clinic
- Fertility testing
- Fertility tourism
|
|
| Fertility medication |
- Estrogen antagonists
- aromatase inhibitor
- clomifene
- FSH
- GnRH agonists
- Gonadotropins
- hCG
|
|
In vitro fertilisation (IVF)
and expansions |
- Assisted zona hatching
- Autologous endometrial coculture
- Cytoplasmic transfer
- Embryo transfer
- Gestational carrier
- In vitro maturation
- Intracytoplasmic sperm injection
- Oocyte selection
- Ovarian hyperstimulation
- Preimplantation genetic diagnosis
- Snowflake children
- Transvaginal ovum retrieval
- Zygote intrafallopian transfer
|
|
| Other methods |
- Artificial insemination
- Cryopreservation
- embryos
- oocyte
- ovarian tissue
- semen
- Gamete intrafallopian transfer
- Reproductive surgery
- Semen collection
- Sex selection
- Surrogacy
|
|
| Donation |
- Donor registration
- Donor Sibling Registry
- Egg donation
- Embryo
- Sperm
- Sperm bank
|
|
| Ethics |
- Accidental incest
- Religious response to ART
- Mitochondrial donation
|
|
| In fiction |
- See subsection in sperm donation
- Reproduction and pregnancy in speculative fiction
|
|
|
Index of reproductive medicine
|
|
| Description |
- Anatomy
- Physiology
- Development
- sex determination and differentiation
|
|
| Disease |
- Infections
- Congenital
- Neoplasms and cancer
- male
- female
- gonadal
- germ cell
- Other
- Symptoms and signs
|
|
| Treatment |
- Procedures
- Drugs
- benign prostatic hypertrophy
- erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation
- sexual dysfunction
- infection
- hormones
- androgens
- estrogens
- progestogens
- GnRH
- prolactin
- Assisted reproduction
- Birth control
|
|
Index of obstetrics
|
|
| Description |
- Pregnancy
- Development
- Anatomy
|
|
| Disease |
- Pregnancy and childbirth
- Placenta and neonate
- Infections
- Symptoms and signs
|
|
| Treatment |
- Procedures
- Drugs
- oxytocins
- labor repressants
|
|
|
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Congenital combined pituitary hormone deficiency patients have better responses to gonadotrophin-induced spermatogenesis than idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism patients.
- Mao J1, Xu H1, Wang X1, Huang B1, Liu Z1, Zhen J1, Nie M1, Min L2, Wu X3.
- Human reproduction (Oxford, England).Hum Reprod.2015 Sep;30(9):2031-7. doi: 10.1093/humrep/dev158. Epub 2015 Jul 3.
- STUDY QUESTION: Do patients with congenital combined pituitary hormone deficiency (CCPHD) have different responses to gonadotrophin-induced spermatogenesis compared with those with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) SUMMARY ANSWER: CCPHD patients have a better response to gonadotrophin t
- PMID 26141714
- Corifollitropin alfa followed by hpHMG in GnRH agonist protocols. Two prospective feasibility studies in poor ovarian responders.
- Polyzos NP1, Corona R, Van De Vijver A, Blockeel C, Drakopoulos P, Vloeberghs V, De Vos M, Camus M, Humaidan P, Tournaye H.
- Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology.Gynecol Endocrinol.2015 Jul 25:1-6. [Epub ahead of print]
- In two prospective uncontrolled feasibility trials, we examined the effect of corifollitropin alfa (CFA) followed by highly purified human menopausal gonadotrophin (hpHMG) in a short flare-up gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist and a long GnRH agonist protocol for women with poor ovarian r
- PMID 26172925
- Sequential Versus Continual Purified Urinary FSH/hCG in Men With Idiopathic Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism.
- Zhang M1, Tong G1, Liu Y1, Mu Y1, Weng J1, Xue Y1, Luo Z1, Xue Y1, Shi L1, Wu X1, Sun S1, Zhu Y1, Cao Y1, Zhang J1, Huang H1, Niu B1, Li H1, Guo Q1, Gao Y1, Li Z1, Ning G1, Zhu D1, Li X1; HHIS Study Group.
- The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.J Clin Endocrinol Metab.2015 Jun;100(6):2449-55. doi: 10.1210/jc.2014-3802. Epub 2015 Mar 31.
- CONTEXT: Gonadotropin therapy using a human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and FSH preparation is an effective regimen in inducing masculinization and spermatogenesis in men with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH). However, the high cost of medication and frequent injections affect complia
- PMID 25825944
Japanese Journal
- 生理食塩水に溶解したヒト閉経期性腺刺激ホルモンによるウシ過剰排卵処理の簡易化(第2報)
- 中原 仁,小田 頼政,小田 亘
- 岡山県農林水産総合センター畜産研究所研究報告 = Bulletin of the Institute of Animal Production, Okayama Prefectural Technology Center for Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (3), 7-10, 2013-12
- NAID 40020062549
- Combination of recombinant follicle stimulating hormone with human menopausal gonadotrophin or recombinant luteinizing hormone in a long gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist protocol : a retrospective study
- RAJU Gottumukkala Achyuta Rama,TENG S. C.,KAVITHA Prathigudupu,LAKSHMI Balabomma Kavitha,RAVIKRISHNA Cheemakurthi
- Reproductive medicine and biology 11(3), 129-133, 2012-07-01
- NAID 10030824872
- Superovulation with Human Menopausal Gonadotrophin in Japanese Black Cows
- SUGANO Mikio,SHINOGI Tadashi
- Journal of mammalian ova research = 日本哺乳動物卵子学会誌 19(3), 77-80, 2002-10-01
- NAID 10012144825
Related Links
- Human Menopausal Gonadotrophin, You Can Buy Various High Quality Human Menopausal Gonadotrophin Products from Global Human Menopausal Gonadotrophin Suppliers and Human Menopausal Gonadotrophin Welcome ...
- Background: A 30-year-old woman has been treated with Clomivid (clomiphene) until August 1994. The treatment was then changed to Pergonal (human menopausal gonadotrophin), probably 75 IE per day. In December, the dose was ...
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- human menopausal gonadotropin hMG, human menopausal gonadotrophin
- 同
- 閉経婦人尿性腺刺激ホルモン、ヒト閉経期性腺刺激ホルモン、ヒト閉経期ゴナドトロピン、ヒト閉経期尿性ゴナドトロピン、メノトロピン
- 関
- 下垂体性性腺刺激ホルモン
[show details]
ヒト閉経後ゴナドトロピン : 24 件
ヒト閉経期ゴナドトロピン : 38 件
ヒト閉経期尿ゴナドトロピン : 1 件
ヒト閉経期尿性ゴナドトロピン : 約 36 件
ヒト閉経婦人尿性ゴナドトロピン : nothing
ヒト閉経後性腺刺激ホルモン : 2 件
ヒト閉経期性腺刺激ホルモン : 51 件
ヒト閉経期尿性腺刺激ホルモン : nothing
ヒト閉経期尿性性腺刺激ホルモン : 13 件
ヒト閉経婦人尿性性腺刺激ホルモン : 1 件
閉経後ゴナドトロピン : 35 件
閉経期ゴナドトロピン : 43 件
閉経期尿ゴナドトロピン : 1 件
閉経期尿性ゴナドトロピン : 約 34 件
閉経婦人尿性ゴナドトロピン : nothing
閉経後性腺刺激ホルモン : 4 件
閉経期性腺刺激ホルモン : 61 件
閉経期尿性腺刺激ホルモン : 8 件
閉経期尿性性腺刺激ホルモン : 13 件
閉経婦人尿性性腺刺激ホルモン : 3 件
[★]
- 関
- ape、hominid、Hominidae、homo、Homo sapiens、human being、human race、human-type、man、Pongidae
[★]
ゴナドトロピン、性腺刺激ホルモン、ゴナドトロフィン
- 関
- gonadotropic hormone、gonadotropin、GTH
[★]
- 関
- menopause