floor plate

底板

WordNet

1. coat with a layer of metal; "plate spoons with silver"
2. the quantity contained in a plate (同)plateful
3. a shallow receptacle for collection in church (同)collection plate
4. a flat sheet of metal or glass on which a photographic image can be recorded (同)photographic plate
5. a metal sheathing of uniform thickness (such as the shield attached to an artillery piece to protect the gunners) (同)scale, shell
6. a full-page illustration (usually on slick paper)
7. a sheet of metal or wood or glass or plastic
8. dish on which food is served or from which food is eaten
9. structural member consisting of a horizontal beam that provides bearing and anchorage
10. the positively charged electrode in a vacuum tube
11. a rigid layer of the Earths crust that is believed to drift slowly (同)crustal plate
12. a main course served on a plate; "a vegetable plate"; "the blue plate special"
13. any flat platelike body structure or part
14. the thin under portion of the forequarter
15. the inside lower horizontal surface (as of a room, hallway, tent, or other structure); "they needed rugs to cover the bare floors"; "we spread our sleeping bags on the dry floor of the tent" (同)flooring
16. a structure consisting of a room or set of rooms at a single position along a vertical scale; "what level is the office on?" (同)level, storey, story
17. a large room in a exchange where the trading is done; "he is a floor trader" (同)trading floor
18. the legislative hall where members debate and vote and conduct other business; "there was a motion from the floor"
19. a lower limit; "the government established a wage floor" (同)base
20. the bottom surface of any lake or other body of water
21. the ground on which people and animals move about; "the fire spared the forest floor"
22. the lower inside surface of any hollow structure; "the floor of the pelvis"; "the floor of the cave"
23. the occupants of a floor; "the whole floor complained about the lack of heat"
24. the parliamentary right to address an assembly; "the chairman granted him the floor"
25. a thin coating of metal deposited on a surface (同)metal_plating
26. the application of a thin coat of metal (as by electrolysis)
27. make a plat of; "Plat the town" (同)plot
28. a map showing planned or actual features of an area (streets and building lots etc.)
29. building material used in laying floors

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 〈C〉(通例各人用の丸い)『平皿』 / 〈C〉(料理の)『1皿』[『分』]《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈C〉料理の1人前 / 〈C〉(教会などの)献金皿 / 〈U〉《集合的に》(スプーン・皿など)金(銀)製の食器類 / 〈C〉(金属・ガラス・プラスチックなどの)平板,板金 / 〈C〉(金属・木などの)標札,ナンバープレート / 〈C〉金属(石,木)版画;(本文と別刷りの)図版 / 〈C〉(印刷方法の)電気版,ステロ版 / 〈C〉(写真の)感光板 / 〈C〉《the~》(野球の)本塁(home plate) / (…を)…‘に'めっきする《+『名』+『with』+『名』》 / (保護のために)…‘を'板金で覆う / (印刷で)…‘を'電気版(ステロ版)にする
2. 〈C〉『床』 / 〈C〉底,底面(bottom) / 〈C〉(価格の)最低限度 / 〈C〉『階』,層 / 《the~》議場,議員席 / 《the~》(議員などの)発言権 / (…で)…‘の'床を張る《+『名』+『with』+『名』》 / …‘を'床(地面)になぐり倒す(knock down) / 《話》〈問題・議論などが〉〈人〉‘を'打ち破る,困惑させる(puzzle);〈ニュースなどが〉〈人〉‘を'あ然(ぼう然)とさせる
3. (金・銀などの)めっき / (船・乗物などの鋼鉄板の)被復,装甲
4. 小さな地面(地所) / (土地などの)図面,地図
5. 編んだもの, 弁髪; 組みひも・= plait
6. 〈U〉床材 / 《集合的に》床,床張り

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/01/07 02:26:20」(JST)

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Floor plate
The floor plate separates the left and right basal plates of the developing neural tube.
Details
Precursor	Notochord
System	Nervous system
Dorlands /Elsevier	l_02/12475910
Anatomical terminology

The floor plate is a structure integral to the developing nervous system of vertebrate organisms. Located on the ventral midline of the embryonic neural tube, the floor plate is a specialized glial structure that spans the anteroposterior axis from the midbrain to the tail regions. It has been shown that the floor plate is conserved among vertebrates with homologous structures in invertebrates such as the fruit fly Drosophila and the nematode C. elegans. Functionally, the structure serves as an organizer to ventralize tissues in the embryo as well as to guide neuronal positioning and differentiation along the dorsoventral axis of the neural tube.

Induction

Induction of the floor plate during embryogenesis of vertebrate embryos has been studied extensively in chick and zebrafish and occurs as a result of a complex signaling network among tissues, the details of which have yet to be fully refined. Currently there are several competing lines of thought. First, floor plate differentiation may be mediated by inductive signaling from the underlying notochord, an axial mesoderm derived signaling structure. This is supported experimentally in chick, in which floor plate induction, as well as associative ventral nervous tissue differentiation, is mediated by the secreted signaling molecule Sonic hedgehog (Shh). Shh is expressed in a gradient with highest concentration localized in the notochord and floor plate. In vitro tissue grafting experiments show that removal of this molecule prevents differentiation of the floor plate, whereas its ectopic expression induces differentiation of floor plate cells. An alternative view proposes that neural tube floor plate cells stem from precursor cells which migrate directly from axial mesoderm. Through chick – quail hybrid experiments as well as genetic interaction experiments in zebrafish, it appears that notochord and floor plate cells originate from a common precursor. Furthermore, in zebrafish, Nodal signaling is required for differentiation of medial floor plate cells whereas Shh is expendable. These data may indicate that the floor plate induction mechanism in amniotes and anamniotes differs. To reconcile these differences, a dual-mode induction model has been proposed in chick. In this model, exclusively ectodermal cells are induced to become medial floor plate during gastrulation by prechordal mesoderm, possibly through Nodal signaling. Later in development during neurulation, extended contact and interaction between notochord and fated floor plate cells causes differentiation, suggesting a cooperative effect between Nodal and Shh signaling.

Axon Guidance

In the development of the central nervous system, the decision of a neuron to cross or not cross the midline is critical. In vertebrates, this choice is mediated by the floor plate, and enables the embryo to develop successful left and right body halves with respect to nervous tissue. For example, while ipsilateral neurons do not cross the midline, commissural neurons cross the midline forming a single commissure. These particular neurons develop in the dorsal region of the neural tube and travel ventrally toward the floor plate. Upon reaching the floor plate, commissural neurons cross through the structure to emerge on the opposite side of the neural tube, whereupon they project anteriorly or posteriorly within the tube.

Crossing of commissural axons across the midline in vertebrates is mediated by signaling in the floor plate of the neural tube. On the left panel an axon initiates its projection within the tube. On the right panel, the neuron initially receives chemoattractive signaling from netrin ligands and chemorepellents from slit ligands (1). When the neuron commits to crossing, Robo-3 inhibits the repulsion signal received by Robo-1/2 from slit, allowing attraction (2). After crossing, Robo-1/2 is upregulated and again inhibits crossing via the ligand slit (3).

• Netrins: Netrins are proteins expressed and secreted by cells of the floor plate. Experiments using floor plate extracts and commissural neurons embedded in a collegen matrix show attraction of neurons towards the floor plate in vitro. Moreover, Isolation and transfection of Netrin-1 and Netrin-2, two secreted proteins, into Cos cells has similar effects. Further research confirmed that Netrins act as attractant proteins in addition to Shh to guide commissural axons toward the floor plate. Netrins are secreted by the floor plate cells and function to bind the axon receptor DCC in a chemotactic manner.
• Slit: Slit is a secreted ligand expressed in the floor plate and functions to inhibit axonal crossing of the neural tube. While netrins attract commissural neurons toward the midline, slit proteins repel and expel neurons from the midline. As axons not destined to cross the midline project through the neural tube they are repelled by the ligand slit which is expressed in the cells of the floor plate. Slit acts through its receptors Roundabout (Robo) 1 and 2. This interaction inhibits the chemotaxis provided by the Netrin/DCC pathway. However, Robo-3 (Rig-1) is upregulated during growth of commissural axons during migration toward the floor plate, which sequesters Robo-1/2 inside the cell within vesicles. Consequently, the Netrin/DCC attraction pathway dominates over the Slit/Robo repulsion pathway and the axon can grow toward the midline and enter the floor plate. Upon entering, through a mechanism not yet fully understood, Robo-3 becomes downregulated and this liberates and upregulates Robo-1/2, effectively repelling the neuron from the floor plate midline. Through this complex cross talk of Slit, Robo-1/2, and Robo-3, commissural axons are guided toward the midline to cross the neural tube and prevented from crossing back.

The signaling molecules guiding the growth and projections of commissural neurons have well studied homologs in invertebrates. In the Netrin/DCC chemoattraction pathway the C. elegans homologs are Unc-6/Unc-40 and Unc-5 while the Drosophila homologs are Netrin-A and Netrin-B/Frazzled and Dunc5. In the Slit/Robo chemoreppelant pathway the C. elegans homologs are Slt-1/Sax-3 whereas the Drosophila homologs are also known as Slit/Robo(1-3).

References

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English Journal

• The Influence of Different Force and Pressure Measuring Transducers on Lower Extremity Kinematics Measured During Running.

• Sinclair J, Hobbs SJ, Taylor PJ, Currigan G, Greenhalgh A.SourceDivision of Sport Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Lancashire, UK.
• Journal of applied biomechanics.J Appl Biomech.2013 Jul 22. [Epub ahead of print]
• In running analyses where both kinetic and kinematic information is recorded, participants are required to make foot contact with a force and/or pressure measuring transducer. Problems arise if participants modify their gait patterns to ensure contact with the device. There is currently a paucity of
• PMID 23877002

• The origin of the Canary Island Seamount Province - New ages of old seamounts.

• van den Bogaard P.SourceGEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel Wischhofstr. 1-3, D-24148 Kiel, Germany.
• Scientific reports.Sci Rep.2013 Jul 1;3:2107. doi: 10.1038/srep02107.
• The Canary Island Seamount Province forms a scattered hotspot track on the Atlantic ocean floor ~1300 km long and ~350 km wide, perpendicular to lithospheric fractures, and parallel to the NW African continental margin. New (40)Ar/(39)Ar datings show that seamount ages vary from 133 Ma to 0.2�
• PMID 23838703

Japanese Journal

• 次亜塩素酸水溶液による環境消毒について

• 山下 光治,濱本 裕司,安田 悠人,小野 朋子
• 岡山実験動物研究会報 31, 33-36, 2015-04
• … 1) To study whether WAHS is available or not for bloodblot inoculated by Acinetobacter baumannii on the plate comparing with Sodium Hypochlorite. … 2) Comparison of Ethanol and WAHS on the floor and handrail. … 2) Ethanol and WAHS had Equivalent efficacy on the test of floor and handrail. …
• NAID 120005611352

• デッキプレートスラブの固有振動解析と平板への換算に関する検討 : 鉄骨造デッキプレートスラブの振動および床衝撃音に関する数値解析的研究(その1)

• 會田 祐,橋本 典久
• 日本建築学会技術報告集 = AIJ journal of technology and design 21(47), 171-176, 2015-02
• NAID 40020359356

Related Links

• floor plate - definition of floor plate by The Free Dictionary

plate (plāt) n. 1. A smooth, flat, relatively thin, rigid body of uniform thickness. 2. a. A sheet of hammered, rolled, or cast metal. b. A very thin applied or deposited coat of metal. 3. a. A flat piece of metal forming part of a machine: a boiler plate.

• floor plate - definition of floor plate by Medical dictionary

floor plate (flôr) n. The thin ventral portion of the embryonic neural tube that merges with the basal portion of the lateral plates. Also called ventral plate. plate [plāt] 1. a flat stratum or layer. 2. dental plate; sometimes, by extension ...

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「フロアプレート」「フロアープレート」「底板」
関連記事	「plate」「plating」「floor」

「フロアプレート」

　　[★]

英

floor plate

関

底板、フロアープレート

「フロアープレート」

　　[★]

英

floor plate

関

底板、フロアプレート

「底板」

　　[★]

英

floor plate

ラ

lamina ventralis

「plate」

　　[★]

• n.

• プレート、シャーレ、図

• adj.

• 板状の

• v.

• (細胞を培養皿に)蒔く

関

diagram、dish、drawing、fig、figure、placoid、plot

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「plating」

　　[★]

• n.

(細菌/細胞を培養皿に蒔くこと)プレーティング、(工業)メッキ

関

metal plating

　 　 　

「floor」

　　[★]

• 床、フロア、底

関

carpet、fundus