5年生存率、五年生存率、五生率

WordNet

be worthy of or have a certain rating; "This bond rates highly"
amount of a charge or payment relative to some basis; "a 10-minute phone call at that rate would cost $5" (同)charge per unit
a magnitude or frequency relative to a time unit; "they traveled at a rate of 55 miles per hour"; "the rate of change was faster than expected"
a quantity or amount or measure considered as a proportion of another quantity or amount or measure; "the literacy rate"; "the retention rate"; "the dropout rate"
assign a rank or rating to; "how would you rank these students?"; "The restaurant is rated highly in the food guide" (同)rank, range, order, grade, place
estimate the value of; "How would you rate his chances to become President?"; "Gold was rated highly among the Romans" (同)value
give (hair) the appearance of being fuller by using a rat
a pad (usually made of hair) worn as part of a womans coiffure
any of various long-tailed rodents similar to but larger than a mouse
catch rats, especially with dogs
desert ones party or group of friends, for example, for ones personal advantage
employ scabs or strike breakers in
a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days; "she is 4 years old"; "in the year 1920" (同)twelvemonth, yr
a period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year that is used for some particular activity; "a school year"
the period of time that it takes for a planet (as, e.g., Earth or Mars) to make a complete revolution around the sun; "a Martian year takes 687 of our days"
a state of surviving; remaining alive (同)endurance
a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment (同)survival of the fittest, natural_selection, selection
something that survives
being one more than four (同)5, v
the cardinal number that is the sum of four and one (同)5, V, cinque, quint, quintet, fivesome, quintuplet, pentad, fin, Phoebe, Little Phoebe

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈C〉『割合』,『率』 / 〈C〉《the~,a~》『速度』(speed),進度 / 〈C〉『値段』,『相場』;料金 / 〈U〉等級(class),(…)等 / 《複数形ぃ》《英》地方税 / (…の金額に)…‘の'『値段を決める』,見積もる《+『名』+『at』+『名』》 / …‘を'『評価する』,みなす / 《米話》…‘に'値する,‘の'価値がある / 『評価される』;みなされる
…‘を'どなりつける
『ネズミ』 / ひきょう者,裏切り者 / ネズミをつかまえる / 《話》(人を)裏切る,密告する《+『on』+『名』〈人〉》
〈C〉(グレゴリオ暦で1月1日に始まり12月31日に終わる)『年』,暦年(calendar year) / 〈C〉(任意の時からの)『1年間』,12か月 / 〈C〉年度;(特定の)1年 / 〈C〉…『歳』;《複数形で》年齢 / 《複数形で》老齢(old age) / 《複数形で》長い年月,長月,多年 / 《複数形で》時代 / 〈C〉(天文学上の)暦年
〈U〉(…が)生き残ること,(…の)生存,残存《+of+名》 / 〈C〉生存者,残存者;残存物,遺物
〈C〉(数の)『5』;5の記号(5,Vなど) / 〈C〉5時,5分;5歳 / 〈U〉《複数扱い》5人,5個 / 〈C〉5人(5個)1組のもの / 〈C〉(カードの)5の札 / 『5の』,5個の;5人の / 《補語にのみ用いて》5歳の(で)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/07/14 19:20:51」(JST)

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The five-year survival rate is a type of survival rate for estimating the prognosis of a particular disease, normally calculated from the point of diagnosis.^[1] Lead time bias from earlier diagnosis can affect interpretation of the five-year survival rate.^[2]

There are absolute and relative survival rates, but the latter are more useful and commonly used.

Relative and absolute rates

Five-year relative survival rates are more commonly cited in cancer statistics.^[3] Five-year absolute survival rates may sometimes also be cited.^[4]

Five-year absolute survival rates describe the percentage of patients alive five years after the disease is diagnosed.
Five-year relative survival rates describe the percentage of patients with a disease alive five years after the disease is diagnosed, divided by the percentage of the general population of corresponding sex and age alive after five years. Typically, cancer five-year absolute survival rates are well below 100%, reflecting excess mortality among cancer patients compared to the general population. In contrast to five-year absolute survival rates, five-year relative survival rates may also equal or even exceed 100% if cancer patients have the same or even higher survival rates than the general population. The pattern may occur if cancer patients can generally be cured, or patients diagnosed with cancer are otherwise more privileged (like in terms of socioeconomic factors or access to medical care) than the general population.^[5]

The fact that relative survival rates above 100% were estimated for some groups of patients appears counterintuitive on first view. It is unlikely that occurrence of prostate cancer would increase chances of survival, compared to the general population. A more plausible explanation is that the pattern reflects a selection effect of PSA screening, as screening tests tend to be used less often by socially disadvantaged population groups, who, in general, also have higher mortality.^[5]

Uses

Five-year survival rates can be used to compare the effectiveness of treatments. Use of five-year survival statistics is more useful in aggressive diseases that have a shorter life expectancy following diagnosis, such as lung cancer, and less useful in cases with a long life expectancy, such as prostate cancer.

Improvements in rates are sometimes attributed to improvements in diagnosis rather than to improvements in prognosis.^[6]

To compare treatments independently from diagnostics, it may be better to consider survival from reaching a certain stage of the disease or its treatment.

Analysis performed against the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (SEER) facilitates calculation of five-year survival rates.^[7]^[8]

References

^ "Cancer survival rate: A tool to understand your prognosis - MayoClinic.com". Retrieved 2009-10-11.
^ Gordis, Leon (2008). Epidemiology: with STUDENT CONSULT Online Access. Philadelphia: Saunders. p. 318. ISBN 1-4160-4002-1.
^ Varricchio, Claudette G. (2004). A cancer source book for nurses. Boston: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. p. 30. ISBN 0-7637-3276-1.
^ "ACS : How Is Colorectal Cancer Staged?". Retrieved 2009-10-11.
^ ^a ^b Brenner H, Arndt V (January 20, 2005). "Long-term survival rates of patients with prostate cancer in the prostate-specific antigen screening era: population-based estimates for the year 2000 by period analysis" (PDF). J Clin Oncol 23 (3): 441–7. doi:10.1200/JCO.2005.11.148. PMID 15572727.
^ Welch HG, Schwartz LM, Woloshin S (June 2000). "Are increasing 5-year survival rates evidence of success against cancer?". JAMA 283 (22): 2975–8. doi:10.1001/jama.283.22.2975. PMID 10865276.
^ Gloeckler Ries LA, Reichman ME, Lewis DR, Hankey BF, Edwards BK (2003). "Cancer survival and incidence from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program". Oncologist 8 (6): 541–52. doi:10.1634/theoncologist.8-6-541. PMID 14657533.
^ Cosetti M, Yu GP, Schantz SP (April 2008). "Five-year survival rates and time trends of laryngeal cancer in the US population". Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. 134 (4): 370–9. doi:10.1001/archotol.134.4.370. PMID 18427002.

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The response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy predicts clinical outcome and increases breast conservation in advanced breast cancer.

Spanheimer PM, Carr JC, Thomas A, Sugg SL, Scott-Conner CE, Liao J, Weigel RJ.SourceDepartment of Surgery, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, 1516 JCP, Iowa City, IA 52242-1086, USA.
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信州大学における悪性黒色腫245例（2000～2009年）の臨床統計

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Low EphA7 Expression Correlated with Lymph Node Metastasis and Poor Prognosis of Patients with Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

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