facultative

• adj.

• 通性の

関

accidental, arbitrarily, arbitrary, elective, episodic, episodically, facultatively, optional, volitional

　 　 　 　

WordNet

1. of or relating to the mental faculties
2. able to exist under more than one set of conditions; "a facultative parasite can exist as a parasite or a saprophyte"
3. granting a privilege or permission or power to do or not do something; "a facultative enactment"
4. not compulsory; "facultative courses in the sciences"
5. not compulsory; "elective surgery"; "an elective course of study"
6. subject to popular election; "elective official" (同)elected
7. restricted to a particular condition of life; "an obligate anaerobe can survive only in the absence of oxygen"
8. commit in order to fulfill an obligation; "obligate money"
9. happening by chance or unexpectedly or unintentionally ; "with an inadvertent gesture she swept the vase off the table"; "accidental poisoning"; "an accidental shooting" (同)inadvertent
10. a musical notation that makes a note sharp or flat or natural although that is not part of the key signature
11. based on or subject to individual discretion or preference or sometimes impulse or caprice; "an arbitrary decision"; "the arbitrary rule of a dictator"; "an arbitrary penalty"; "of arbitrary size and shape"; "an arbitrary choice"; "arbitrary division of the group into halves"
12. possible but not necessary; left to personal choice

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 選挙で選ばれた,選挙による / 選択の(=optional) / 選択科目
2. 《受動態で》(道徳上または法律上)〈人〉‘に'義務を負わせる;〈人〉‘に'(・・・する)義務を負わせる《+『名』+『to』 do》
3. 『偶然の』,思いがけない / (音楽の)臨時記号
4. 随意の,任意の,気まぐれな(capricious) / 独裁的な,独断的な,専横な(despotic)
5. 選択が自合の,随意の

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/03/18 10:37:39」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

Facultative means "optional" or "discretionary" (antonym obligate), used mainly in biology in phrases such as:

• Facultative anaerobe, an organism that can use oxygen but also has anaerobic methods of energy production. It can survive in either environment
• Facultative biped, an animal that is capable of walking or running on two legs as well as walking or running on four limbs or more, as appropriate
• Facultative carnivore, a carnivore that does not depend solely on animal flesh for food but also can subsist on non-animal food. Compare this with the term omnivore
• Facultative heterochromatin, tightly packed but non-repetitive DNA in the form of Heterochromatin, but which can lose its condensed structure and become transcriptionally active
• Facultative lagoon, a type of stabilization pond used in biological treatment of industrial and domestic wastewater
• Facultative parasite, a parasite that can complete its life cycle without depending on a host
• Facultative photoperiodic plant, a plant that will eventually flower regardless of night length but is more likely to flower under appropriate light conditions.

See also

• (antonym) Obligate
• Opportunism (Biology)

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

• 1. エルシニア感染の微生物学および病因 microbiology and pathogenesis of yersinia infections
• 2. β-ラクタマーゼ阻害剤、カルバペネム系、およびモノバクタム系抗菌薬の併用 combination beta lactamase inhibitors carbapenems and monobactams
• 3. 歯性感染症の疫学、病因、および臨床症状 epidemiology pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of odontogenic infections
• 4. 鼻疽の疫学、病因　、臨床症状、および診断 epidemiology pathogenesis clinical manifestations and diagnosis of melioidosis
• 5. 化膿性肝膿瘍 pyogenic liver abscess

English Journal

• Paenibacillus nicotianae sp. nov., isolated from a tobacco sample.

• Li QQ1, Zhou XK, Dang LZ, Cheng J, Hozzein WN, Liu MJ, Hu Q, Li WJ, Duan YQ.
• Antonie van Leeuwenhoek.Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek.2014 Dec;106(6):1199-205. doi: 10.1007/s10482-014-0289-y. Epub 2014 Sep 20.
• A Gram-stain positive, facultative anaerobic endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain YIM h-19(T), was isolated from a tobacco sample. Cells were observed to be motile rods by means of peritrichous flagella and colonies were observed to be convex, yellow, circular and showed catalase-positive
• PMID 25239270

• High blood oxygen affinity in the air-breathing swamp eel Monopterus albus.

• Damsgaard C1, Findorf I2, Helbo S2, Kocagoz Y2, Buchanan R2, Huong do TT3, Weber RE2, Fago A2, Bayley M2, Wang T2.
• Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part A, Molecular & integrative physiology.Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol.2014 Dec;178:102-8. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2014.08.001. Epub 2014 Aug 17.
• The Asian swamp eel (Monopterus albus, Zuiew 1793) is a facultative air-breathing fish with reduced gills. Previous studies have shown that gas exchange seems to occur across the epithelium of the buccopharyngeal cavity, the esophagus and the integument, resulting in substantial diffusion limitation
• PMID 25139401

• Effect of Oxygen on the Growth and Biofilm Formation of Xylella fastidiosa in Liquid Media.

• Shriner AD1, Andersen PC.
• Current microbiology.Curr Microbiol.2014 Dec;69(6):866-73. doi: 10.1007/s00284-014-0660-2. Epub 2014 Aug 7.
• Xylella fastidiosa is a xylem-limited bacterial pathogen, and is the causative agent of Pierce's disease of grapevines and scorch diseases of many other plant species. The disease symptoms are putatively due to blocking of the transpiration stream by bacterial-induced biofilm formation and/or by the
• PMID 25100224

• Melioidosis: molecular aspects of pathogenesis.

• Stone JK1, DeShazer D, Brett PJ, Burtnick MN.
• Expert review of anti-infective therapy.Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther.2014 Dec;12(12):1487-99. doi: 10.1586/14787210.2014.970634. Epub 2014 Oct 14.
• Burkholderia pseudomallei is a gram-negative bacterium that causes melioidosis, a multifaceted disease that is highly endemic in southeast Asia and northern Australia. This facultative intracellular pathogen possesses a large genome that encodes a wide array of virulence factors that promote surviva
• PMID 25312349

Japanese Journal

• 第80回東京女子医科大学学会総会シンポジウム「東京女子医大 小児医療の最前線!-"なおらない"から"なおる"へ-」Part 1 (6)腸内細菌とこどもの病気

• 永田 智
• 東京女子医科大学雑誌 85(2), 55-62, 2015-04-25
• ヒトの腸管には、人体を構成する全細胞数をも凌ぐ実に100兆もの腸内細菌が棲息し、バランスを保ちながらヒトと共生関係を保っている。このバランスが乱れて、有害菌が多い腸内環境になってしまうと、便秘や下痢、各種感染症、アレルギーなどを起こしやすくなってくるといわれている。LactbacillusやBifidobacteriumのように、腸内細菌のバランスを改善することにより、宿主に有益な作用をもたらす生 …
• NAID 110009900093

• Soil nematode community structure affected by tillage systems and cover crop managements in organic soybean production

• Ito Takahiro,Araki Masaaki,Komatsuzaki Masakazu,Kaneko Nobuhiro,Ohta Hiroyuki
• Applied Soil Ecology 86, 137-147, 2015-02
• … Cover crop also affected abundance of bacterial feeders (BAC), fungal feeders and facultative root feeders (FFR), predators (PRD), and obligatory root feeders (ORF). …
• NAID 120005572496

• Molybdenum-containing membrane-bound formate dehydrogenase isolated from Citrobacter sp. S-77 having high stability against oxygen, pH, and temperature(ENZYMOLOGY, PROTEIN ENGINEERING, AND ENZYME TECHNOLOGY)

• Nguyen Nga T.,Yatabe Takeshi,Yoon Ki-Seok,Ogo Seiji
• Journal of bioscience and bioengineering 118(4), 386-391, 2014-10
• … Membrane-bound formate dehydrogenase (FDH) was purified to homogeneity from a facultative anaerobic bacterium Citrobacter sp. …
• NAID 110009865419

• Protective nesting association between the Barred Warbler Sylvia nisoria and the Red-backed Shrike Lanius collurio : an experiment using artificial and natural nests

• Polak Marcin
• Ecological research 29(5), 949-957, 2014-09
• NAID 40020214831

Related Links

• facultativeの意味 - 英和辞書 - 英語辞書 - goo辞書

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• Facultative | Define Facultative at Dictionary.com

Naturally it is not a fixation upon a given strategy, but a facultative flexibility in learning from others. The survivors of the oxygen crisis would have mostly been facultative anaerobes. facultative mimicry: cues for ...

• facultative - definition of facultative by The Free Dictionary

Information about facultative in the free online English dictionary and encyclopedia. Printer Friendly Dictionary, Encyclopedia and Thesaurus - The Free Dictionary 7,058,608,437 visitors served. forum Join the Word of the Day ? ...

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「elective」「obligate」「accidental」「arbitrarily」「optional」
拡張検索	「facultative methylotroph」「facultatively」「Gram-negative facultatively anaerobic rod」

「elective」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 選挙による、選挙に基づいた(職・権能など)(cf.appointive)。選挙の/に関する。選挙権を有する
• (科目が)随意選択の
• (手術など)選択的な(緊要ではない)。(根治的ではなく症状を緩和させるような) 待期的な

colonoscopic placement of an expandable stent is an alternative that can relieve the malignant obstruction without emergency surgery and permit bowel preparation for an elective one-stage operation.(HIM.1842)

• 一方に偏った

• n.

関

choice、choose、election、facultative、opt、option、optional、select、selection、selective、volitional

　 　 　

「obligate」

　　[★]

• vt.

• ～に(法律/道徳上の)義務を負わせる(to do/sb)。感謝の念を起こさせる。(収入などを)債務の支払に充てる

• adj.

• 避けられない、やむを得ない。(法律上/道徳上)義務的な。必須の。(生態)(寄生虫・寄生菌など)アル特定の環境のみに生活しうる、無条件的な、絶対的な、扁性の、真性の(⇔ facultative)

Obligate female carriers in families with KAL1 mutations have no discernible phenotype.

　 　 　

「accidental」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 偶発的な、偶発性の、偶然の

関

accident, accidentally, casual, casually, chance, episodic, episodically, eventual, facultative, fortuitous, incident, incidental, incidentally, occasional

　 　 　

「arbitrarily」

　　[★]

• adv.

• 自由裁量によって。任意に、勝手(気まま)に。専断的に

A similar categorization was written for the STS-PROM data; however, this was arbitrarily determined (ie, no previous reference).

関

arbitrary、facultative、optional

　

「optional」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 選択の、随意の、任意の、オプションの

関

arbitrarily、arbitrary、choice、choose、elective、facultative、opt、option、select、selection、selective、volitional

　 　

「facultative methylotroph」

　　[★]

任意メチロトローフ、通性メチロトローフ

「facultatively」

　　[★]

• adv.

• 通性に

関

facultative

「Gram-negative facultatively anaerobic rod」

　　[★]

• 通性嫌気性グラム陰性桿菌