WordNet

give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally; "cause a commotion"; "make a stir"; "cause an accident" (同)do, make
a justification for something existing or happening; "he had no cause to complain"; "they had good reason to rejoice" (同)reason, grounds
events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something; "they are trying to determine the cause of the crash"
purely outward or superficial; "external composure"; "an external concern for reputation"- A.R.Gurney,Jr.
outward features; "he enjoyed the solemn externals of religion"
coming from the outside; "extraneous light in the camera spoiled the photograph"; "relying upon an extraneous income"; "disdaining outside pressure groups" (同)extraneous, outside
from or between other countries; "external commerce"; "international trade"; "developing nations need outside help" (同)international, outside
happening or arising or located outside or beyond some limits or especially surface; "the external auditory canal"; "external pressures"
a nonresident doctor or medical student; connected with a hospital but not living there (同)medical extern
the act of causing something to happen (同)causation

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉『原因』,起因;〈C〉原因となる人(物事) / 〈U〉『正当な理由』,根拠,動機 / 《the~》(…という)(身を捧げるべき)主義,主張,目的《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈U〉〈C〉訴訟[の理由];申し立て / …'を'『原因となる』,'を'引き起こす,もたらす(bring about)
『外側の』,外部の / (作用・動作などが)『外側からの』,外部からの / 表面上の,見せかけの / 体外の;体外用の / 外国の(foreign) / (…の)外観,外形《+『of』+『名』》

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/01/28 02:34:02」(JST)

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In medicine, an external cause is a reason for the existence of a medical condition which can be associated with a specific object or acute process that was caused by something outside the body.

They are classified as "E codes" in ICD 9.^[1]

External Cause Of Injury Codes (E – Codes) are ICD-9-CM codes (link) or ICD – 10 codes (link) that are used to define the mechanism of death or injury, along with place of occurrence of the event. [1]

E – codes are assigned on death certificates based on the manner of death. ICD – 10 codes in the range V01-X59 refer to unintentional injuries. Codes in the range X60-X84 refer to intentional self-harm. Codes in the range Y85-Y09 refer to assault, and codes in the range Y10-Y34 refer to events of undetermined intent. [2]

E – codes are well collected on death certificate (link) data, but less so on hospital discharge data (link). Numerous initiatives have increased the percentage of records coded. (CDC, MMWR March 28, 2008 / Vol. 57 / No. RR-1) (link).

References[edit]

^ LeMier M, Cummings P, West TA (2001). "Accuracy of external cause of injury codes reported in Washington State hospital discharge records". Inj. Prev. 7 (4): 334–8. doi:10.1136/ip.7.4.334. PMC 1730776. PMID 11770664.

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1. 外耳炎：病因、臨床的特徴、および診断 external otitis pathogenesis clinical features and diagnosis
2. 外旋歩行の小児に対するアプローチ approach to the child with out toeing
3. 顔面紅斑が認められる患者に対するアプローチ approach to the patient with facial erythema
4. Surgical treatment of hemorrhoidal disease
5. 小児における除細動およびカルディオバージョン（自動体外式除細動期を含む） defibrillation and cardioversion in children including automated external defibrillation

English Journal

Risk factors for Salmonella spp in Portuguese breeding pigs using a multilevel analysis.

Correia-Gomes C, Mendonça D, Vieira-Pinto M, Niza-Ribeiro J.SourceInstituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Largo Prof. Abel Salazar, 2, 4099-003 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto (ISPUP), Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal. Electronic address: cgomes@icbas.up.pt.
Preventive veterinary medicine.Prev Vet Med.2013 Feb 1;108(2-3):159-66. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2012.07.013. Epub 2012 Aug 17.
Salmonella is the second most frequent cause of foodborne illness in the European Union (EU), so EU enforced legislation to achieve a reduction in Salmonella prevalence in the swine sector. To set the reduction target each country carried out a baseline survey to estimate Salmonella prevalence. The
PMID 22906503

RET receptor in the gut of developing cat.

Lucini C, D'angelo L, de Girolamo P, Castaldo L.SourceDepartment of Biological Structures, Functions and Technology, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Napoli, Italy. Electronic address: lucini@unina.it.
Research in veterinary science.Res Vet Sci.2013 Feb;94(1):1-4. doi: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2012.07.026. Epub 2012 Aug 13.
RET receptor is a transmembrane protein which, together with the glial-cell-line derived neurotrophic factor family receptors alpha, forms a receptor complex upon activation by the glial-cell-line-derived neurotrophic ligands (GFLs). RET signaling is crucial for: (a) development of the enteric nervo
PMID 22895155

What have we learnt about high-density lipoprotein cholesterol measurements during 32years? Experiences in Finland 1980-2012.

Leiviskä J, Sundvall J, Alfthan G, Tähtelä R, Salomaa V, Jauhiainen M, Vartiainen E.SourceDepartment of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland. Electronic address: jaana.leiviska@thl.fi.
Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry.Clin Chim Acta.2013 Jan 16;415:118-23. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2012.10.027. Epub 2012 Oct 18.
BACKGROUND: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is important in risk assessment for cardiovascular disease or metabolic syndrome; however, different direct HDL-C assays may lead to erroneous risk estimates and potentially misclassify people.METHODS: Data for 30-year HDL-C trends in Finland
PMID 23085381

Japanese Journal

Analysis of efficiency droop in 280-nm AlGaN multiple-quantum-well light-emitting diodes based on carrier rate equation

Yun Joosun,Shim Jong-In,Hirayama Hideki
Appl. Phys. Express 8(2), 022104, 2015-01-22
… It is shown that the internal quantum efficiency (η<inf>IQE</inf>), injection efficiency (η<inf>inj</inf>), light-extraction efficiency (η<inf>LEE</inf>), Shockley–Read–Hall recombination coefficient (A), and Auger coefficient (C) can be determined by the carrier rate equation using the theoretical radiative recombination coefficient (B), experimentally measured wavelength spectrum, and external quantum efficiency (η<inf>EQE</inf>). …
NAID 150000110104

Different types of androgen receptor mutations in patients with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome

, , , , ,
Intractable & Rare Diseases Research 4(1), 54-59, 2015
… Mutations of androgen receptor (AR) are the most frequent cause of 46, XY disorders of sex development and associated with a variety of phenotypes, ranging from phenotypic women (complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS)) to milder degrees of undervirilization (partial form or PAIS) or men with only infertility (mild form or MAIS). …
NAID 130005008099

Comparison of temperature measurements and thermal characteristics of hydraulic piston, vane, and gear pumps

Mechanical Engineering Journal advpub(0), 2015
… Higher pressurization and increased compactness result in higher contact pressure and oil temperature, which can cause catastrophic damage to the components and severe deterioration of the oils. … Three representative hydraulic pumps—including a swash plate axial piston pump, a pressure-balance vane pump, and an external gear pump—were tested under real operating conditions to determine their thermal effects. …
NAID 130005005402