WordNet

very thin and insubstantial; "thin paper"; "light summer dresses"
make lighter or brighter; "This lamp lightens the room a bit" (同)illume, illumine, light_up, illuminate
a condition of spiritual awareness; divine illumination; "follow Gods light" (同)illumination
having abundant light or illumination; "they played as long as it was light"; "as long as the lighting was good" (同)lighting
(physics) electromagnetic radiation that can produce a visual sensation; "the light was filtered through a soft glass window" (同)visible_light, visible_radiation
any device serving as a source of illumination; "he stopped the car and turned off the lights" (同)light_source
the visual effect of illumination on objects or scenes as created in pictures; "he could paint the lightest light and the darkest dark" (同)lightness
a particular perspective or aspect of a situation; "although he saw it in a different light, he still did not understand"
a person regarded very fondly; "the light of my life"
a visual warning signal; "they saw the light of the beacon"; "there was a light at every corner"
an illuminated area; "he stepped into the light"
mental understanding as an enlightening experience; "he finally saw the light"; "can you shed light on this problem?"
public awareness; "it brought the scandal to light"
(used of color) having a relatively small amount of coloring agent; "light blue"; "light colors such as pastels"; "a light-colored powder" (同)light-colored
moving easily and quickly; nimble; "the dancer was light and graceful"; "a lightsome buoyant step"; "walked with a light tripping step" (同)lightsome, tripping
having relatively few calories; "diet cola"; "light (or lite) beer"; "lite (or light) mayonnaise"; "a low-cal diet" (同)lite, low-cal, calorie-free
less than the correct or legal or full amount often deliberately so; "a light pound"; "a scant cup of sugar"; "regularly gives short weight" (同)scant, short
(of sleep) easily disturbed; "in a light doze"; "a light sleeper"; "a restless wakeful night" (同)wakeful
(physics, chemistry) not having atomic weight greater than average; "light water is ordinary water"
(used of soil) loose and large-grained in consistency; "light soil"
characterized by or emitting light; "a room that is light when the shutters are open"; "the inside of the house was airy and light"
demanding little effort; not burdensome; "light housework"; "light exercise"
designed for ease of movement or to carry little weight; "light aircraft"; "a light truck"
easily assimilated in the alimentary canal; not rich or heavily seasoned; "a light diet"
having little importance; "losing his job was no light matter"
intended primarily as entertainment; not serious or profound; "light verse"; "a light comedy"
not great in degree or quantity or number; "a light sentence"; "a light accent"; "casualties were light"; "light snow was falling"; "light misty rain"; "light smoke from the chimney"
of comparatively little physical weight or density; "a light load"; "magnesium is a light metal--having a specific gravity of 1.74 at 20 degrees C"
of little intensity or power or force; "the light touch of her fingers"; "a light breeze"
of the military or industry; using (or being) relatively small or light arms or equipment; "light infantry"; "light cavalry"; "light industry"; "light weapons"
psychologically light; especially free from sadness or troubles; "a light heart"
existing by consent; "a consensual contract"
an automatic instinctive unlearned reaction to a stimulus (同)reflex response, reflex action, instinctive reflex, innate reflex, inborn reflex, unconditioned_reflex, physiological reaction
apparatus for supplying artificial light effects for the stage or a film
the craft of providing artificial light; "an interior decorator must understand lighting"
set afire or burning; "the lighted candles"; "a lighted cigarette"; "a lit firecracker" (同)lit

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉『光,光線』;明るさ / 〈U〉夜明け;日中;日光 / 〈C〉『明かり』(太陽・灯火など光を出すもの) / 〈U〉《時にa~》光輝(brightness),(目などの)輝き / 〈C〉(点火するための)火,火花 / 〈C〉明かり採り,採光窓 / 〈C〉《通例単数形で》(絵などの)明るい部分 / 〈U〉(…についての)知識,情報,理解《+『on』+『名』》 / 〈C〉(ものを見る)観点,見地;相 / 〈C〉この世に光を与える人;指導的な人物 / …‘に'『火をつける』《+『up』+『名』+『名』+『up』》 / …‘に'『明かりをつける』,‘を'照らす《+『up』+『名,』+『名』+『up』》 / 〈人〉‘を'明かりをつけて案内する / 〈表情など〉‘を'明るくする《+『up』+『名,』+『名』+『up』》 / 〈物が〉火がつく,点火する;明かりがつく《+『up』》 / 明るくなる,晴れ晴れする《+『up』》 / 『明るい』 / (色が)『薄い』
(重量が)『軽い』 / (いろいろな事について,その程座・量が)軽い,小さい / 『軽快な』 / 軽装の / 肩のこらない;気軽な / 手軽な,骨の折れなし / (食べ物が)消化のよい,もたれない / ふらふらする,目まいのする / アルコール分の少ない / (パンなどが)ふんわりした / (重量が)軽く / (程度が)軽く,容易に;軽装で
(車・馬などから)降りる《+『from』+『名』》(alight) / (木などに)〈鳥などが〉止まる《+『on』(『upon』)+『名』》 / (…に)〈打撃・運などが〉突然ふりかかる《+『on』(『upon』)+『名』》
反射(刺激に対する無意識の反応) / 《複数形で》反射的な動き / (光などの)反射,反射光;映像 / 反射性の / (カメラが)レフ鋼の,反射型の
照明,点火 / 照明方法(装置)

UpToDate Contents

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1. 成人における詳細な神経学的検査 the detailed neurologic examination in adults
2. 成人における昏迷および昏睡 stupor and coma in adults
3. 幼児および小児における精密な神経学的評価 detailed neurologic assessment of infants and children
4. 瞳孔不同患者へのアプローチ approach to the patient with anisocoria
5. 肌の若返りを目的とした、非剥離法による皮膚の再生 nonablative skin resurfacing for skin rejuvenation

English Journal

Central Pupillary Light Reflex Circuits in the Cat: II. Morphology, Ultrastructure and Inputs of Preganglionic Motoneurons.

Sun W1, May PJ.Author information 1Departments of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216.AbstractPreganglionic motoneurons supplying the ciliary ganglion control lens accommodation and pupil diameter. In cats, these motoneurons make up the preganglionic Edinger-Westphal population, which lies rostral, dorsal and ventral to the oculomotor nucleus. A recent cat study suggested that caudal motoneurons control the lens and rostral motoneurons control the pupil. This led us to examine the morphology, ultrastructure and pretectal inputs of these populations. Preganglionic motoneurons retrogradely labeled by introducing tracer into the cat ciliary ganglion generally fell into two morphologic categories. Fusiform neurons were located rostrally, in the anteromedian nucleus and between the oculomotor nuclei. Multipolar neurons were found caudally, dorsal and ventral to the oculomotor nucleus. The dendrites of preganglionic motoneurons within the anteromedian nucleus crossed the midline, providing a possible basis for consensual responses. Ultrastructurally, several different classes of synaptic profiles contact preganglionic motoneurons, suggesting their activity may be modified by a variety of inputs. Furthermore, there were differences between the synaptic populations contacting the rostral and caudal populations, supporting the contention that these populations display functional differences. Anterogradely labeled pretectal terminals were observed in close association with labeled preganglionic motoneurons, particularly in the rostral population. Ultrastructural analysis revealed that these terminals, packed with clear, spherical vesicles, made asymmetric synaptic contacts onto motoneurons in the rostral population indicating these cells serve the pupillary light reflex. Thus, the preganglionic motoneurons found in the cat display morphologic, ultrastructural and connectional differences suggesting that this rostral preganglionic population is specialized for pupil control, while more caudal elements control the lens. J. Comp. Neurol., 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Journal of comparative neurology.J Comp Neurol.2014 Apr 5. doi: 10.1002/cne.23601. [Epub ahead of print]
Preganglionic motoneurons supplying the ciliary ganglion control lens accommodation and pupil diameter. In cats, these motoneurons make up the preganglionic Edinger-Westphal population, which lies rostral, dorsal and ventral to the oculomotor nucleus. A recent cat study suggested that caudal motoneu
PMID 24706263

Invasive and ultrasound based monitoring of the intracranial pressure in an experimental model of epidural hematoma progressing towards brain tamponade on rabbits.

Kasapas K1, Diamantopoulou A2, Pentilas N3, Papalois A4, Douzinas E5, Kouraklis G2, Slama M6, Terkawi AS7, Blaivas M8, Sargsyan AE9, Karakitsos D8.Author information 1Department of Neurosurgery, Athens General Hospital "G. Gennimatas", 11527 Athens, Greece.22nd Department of Surgery, Athens Medical School, Laiko University Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece.3Intensive Care Unit, Athens General Hospital "G. Gennimatas", Athens, Greece.4Experimental Research Center ELPEN, 19009 Athens, Greece.53rd ICU Department, Athens Medical School, Evgenideio University Hospital, 15128 Athens, Greece.6ICU, Amiens University Hospital, 80054 Amiens, France.7Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA ; Department of Anesthesiology, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia.8Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29225, USA.9Wyle Science, Technology & Engineering Group/NASA Bioastronautics, Houston, TX 77058, USA.AbstractINTRODUCTION: An experimental epidural hematoma model was used to study the relation of ultrasound indices, namely, transcranial color-coded-Doppler (TCCD) derived pulsatility index (PI), optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD), and pupil constriction velocity (V) which was derived from a consensual sonographic pupillary light reflex (PLR) test with invasive intracranial pressure (ICP) measurements.
TheScientificWorldJournal.ScientificWorldJournal.2014 Jan 21;2014:504248. doi: 10.1155/2014/504248. eCollection 2014.
INTRODUCTION: An experimental epidural hematoma model was used to study the relation of ultrasound indices, namely, transcranial color-coded-Doppler (TCCD) derived pulsatility index (PI), optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD), and pupil constriction velocity (V) which was derived from a consensual sono
PMID 24578637

Intracranial causes of ophthalmoplegia: the visual reflex pathways.

Stalcup ST1, Tuan AS, Hesselink JR.Author information 1Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114.AbstractThe gathering of visual information is a complex process that relies on concerted movements of the eyes, and cranial nerves II-VIII are at least partially involved in the visual system. The cranial nerves do not function in isolation, however, and there are multiple higher-order cortical centers that have input into the cranial nerves to coordinate eye movement. Among the functions of the cortical reflex pathways are (a) controlling vertical and horizontal gaze in response to vestibular input to keep the eyes focused on an object as the head moves through space, and (b) controlling rapid, coordinated eye movement to a new visual target (saccades). There are also reflex pathways connecting the cranial nerves involved in vision that produce consensual blinking of the eyes in response to corneal stimulation of one eye and consensual pupillary constriction in response to light input on one pupil. A variety of intracranial pathologic conditions, including benign and malignant neoplasms, infection, trauma, autoimmune diseases, vascular anomalies, degenerative diseases, and inherited-congenital disorders, can disrupt the cranial nerves and visual reflex pathways. This disruption can manifest in myriad ways-for example, as extraocular muscle paresis, afferent pupillary defect, oculosympathetic paresis (Horner syndrome), internuclear ophthalmoplegia, dorsal midbrain (Parinaud) syndrome, or loss of the corneal reflex. Knowledge of the function and anatomy of the cranial nerves and visual reflex pathways, coupled with selection of the proper magnetic resonance pulse sequence, will allow the radiologist to order appropriate imaging of the involved cranial nerve or visual reflex pathway based on the patient's symptoms and thereby play an essential role in establishing the diagnosis and planning appropriate therapy.
Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc.Radiographics.2013 Sep-Oct;33(5):E153-69. doi: 10.1148/rg.335125142.
The gathering of visual information is a complex process that relies on concerted movements of the eyes, and cranial nerves II-VIII are at least partially involved in the visual system. The cranial nerves do not function in isolation, however, and there are multiple higher-order cortical centers tha
PMID 24025940

Japanese Journal

A Servoanalytic Study of Consensual Pupil Reflex to Light

STARK L.
J. Neurophysiol 20, 17-26, 1957
NAID 10000084808

瞳孔光反射計測の新方法と瞳孔光條件反射に於ける刺戟時間關係

美浜久春
心理学研究 24(4), 261-267, 1954
… One of the most difficult problems in the experimental study of the conditioned pupillary light reflex is the determination of the precise technique to use in recording the pupillary movement. … Up to the present time, two methods have been available : (1) the use of the pupillometer, which could roughly measure the pupillary reflex but not detail of latency, magnitude, and configuration ; …
NAID 130002013196

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「共感性瞳孔反応」「間接対光反射」「共感性光反射」
関連記事	「consensual」「light」「reflex」「lighting」