WordNet
- the act of colonizing; the establishment of colonies; "the British colonization of America" (同)colonisation, settlement
- settle as colonists or establish a colony (in); "The British colonized the East Coast" (同)colonise
- settle as a colony; of countries in the developing world; "Europeans colonized Africa in the 17th century" (同)colonise
- a geographical area politically controlled by a distant country (同)dependency
- a body of people who settle far from home but maintain ties with their homeland; inhabitants remain nationals of their home state but are not literally under the home states system of government; "the American colony in Paris" (同)settlement
- (microbiology) a group of organisms grown from a single parent cell
- a group of organisms of the same type living or growing together
- a place where a group of people with the same interest or occupation are concentrated; "a nudist colony"; "an artists colony"
- natural process that causes something to form; "the formation of gas in the intestine"; "the formation of crystals"; "the formation of pseudopods"
- the act of fabricating something in a particular shape (同)shaping
- a particular spatial arrangement
- creation by mental activity; "the formation of sentences"; "the formation of memories"
- an arrangement of people or things acting as a unit; "a defensive formation"; "a formation of planes"
- the basic unit of money in Costa Rica; equal to 100 centimos (同)Costa Rican colon
- the basic unit of money in El Salvador; equal to 100 centavos (同)El Salvadoran colon
- a punctuation mark (:) used after a word introducing a series or an example or an explanation (or after the salutation of a business letter)
- the part of the large intestine between the cecum and the rectum; it extracts moisture from food residues before they are excreted
- one of the 13 British colonies that formed the original states of the United States
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 植民,植民地開拓
- 『植民地』 / 植民団,居留民;(外国人の)集団居留地 / (同ど人種・宗教・職業などの人たちが住む)『集団』,部落 / (動物・鳥・虫などの)集団;(生物の)群体,群落《+『of』+『名』》 / 《the Colonies》アメリカ合衆国を形成した13州のイギリス植民地
- 〈U〉(…の)『形成』,構成,育成《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈C〉形成されたもの,構成物;(その)構造,組織 / 〈U〉〈C〉隊形,陣形
- コロン(:)(句読点の一種で,文中においてセミコロン以上を分離を示すほか,対照,例証,引用文などを示すのに用いる)
- (大腸の)結腸[部]
UpToDate Contents
全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.
- 1. 骨の巨大細胞腫瘍 giant cell tumor of bone
- 2. 糸球体半月体形成の機序 mechanisms of glomerular crescent formation
- 3. 真性多血症が疑われる患者に対する診断的アプローチ diagnostic approach to the patient with suspected polycythemia vera
- 4. 骨髄造血の制御 regulation of myelopoiesis
- 5. 本態性血小板血症の診断および臨床症状 diagnosis and clinical manifestations of essential thrombocythemia
English Journal
- Downregulation of p16ink4a inhibits cell proliferation and induces G1 cell cycle arrest in cervical cancer cells.
- Zhang CY, Bao W, Wang LH.Author information Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital of China Welfare Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China.AbstractStudies have suggested that p16ink4a may be a surrogate biomarker for the diagnosis of cervical cancer; however, the function of p16ink4a in human cervical cancer cells remains largely unknown. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investi-gate the role of p16ink4a in human cervical cancer cells. Immunocytochemistry was used to examine invasive squamous cell carcinoma and its precancerous lesions. p16ink4a-siRNA was transfected into SiHa and HeLa cells to deplete its expression. The cellular levels of p16ink4a mRNA and protein were detected by qRT-PCR and western blot analysis. Proliferation rates were assessed by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) and plate colony formation assays. Cellular migration and invasion ability were assessed by a wound healing assay and Transwell assay. Cellular apoptosis and the cell cycle were measured by flow cytometry. The protein levels of retinoblastoma (Rb), phosphorylated Rb (phospho-Rb), cyclin D1 and caspase-3 were determined by western blot analysis. The results revealed that p16ink4a was overexpressed in the cervical cancer and precancerous lesions (P<0.05). The downregulation of p16ink4a in the SiHa and HeLa cells inhibited their proliferation, migration and invasion. In the SiHa cells, p16ink4a-siRNA also induced G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Western blot analysis revealed that the downregulation of p16ink4a in the SiHa cells markedly induced caspase-3 activation and decreased cyclin D1 expression. These data suggest that the overexpression of p16ink4a appears to be useful in monitoring cervical precancerous lesions, which supports that the hypothesis that p16ink4a is a surrogate biomarker for the diagnosis of cervical cancer. The therapeutic targeting of overexpressed p16ink4a in the p16ink4a-cyclin-Rb pathway may be a useful strategy in the treatment of cervical cancer.
- International journal of molecular medicine.Int J Mol Med.2014 Jun;33(6):1577-85. doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1731. Epub 2014 Apr 7.
- Studies have suggested that p16ink4a may be a surrogate biomarker for the diagnosis of cervical cancer; however, the function of p16ink4a in human cervical cancer cells remains largely unknown. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investi-gate the role of p16ink4a in human cervical cancer cells. Im
- PMID 24714974
- p63 regulates growth of esophageal squamous carcinoma cells via the Akt signaling pathway.
- Ye S1, Lee KB1, Park MH2, Lee JS3, Kim SM4.Author information 1Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.2Catholic University of Pusan, Busan, Republic of Korea.3Department of Systems Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.4Department of Physiology, Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.Abstractp63 is a member of the p53 protein family and plays a crucial role in epithelial development. p63 is expressed in many types of tumors including esophageal cancer; however, its function in cancer is controversial and its role in esophageal cancer has not been clearly established. In the present study, we aimed to identify the mechanisms by which p63 promotes proliferation of esophageal squamous carcinoma cells. Four human esophageal cancer cell lines (TE-8, TE-12, BE3 and OE33) were used in this study. We found that ΔNp63 was the predominantly expressed p63 isoform in esophageal squamous cancer cells. Silencing of p63 mRNA in the esopha-geal cancer cell lines TE-8 and TE-12 resulted in significant inhibition of cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. A colony formation assay also showed that colony formation by TE-8 and TE-12 cells was significantly inhibited by p63 siRNA. Furthermore, p63 siRNA significantly suppressed p-Akt and induced Akt expression in esophageal squamous carcinoma cell lines. On the other hand, overexpression of p63 in the esophageal cell lines BE3 and OE33 increased p-Akt expression. Silencing of p63 in TE-8 and TE-12 cell lines induced p53 and p27 expression and suppressed cyclin D1 and cyclin E1 expression, whereas overexpression of p63 in BE3 and OE33 cell lines resulted in decreased levels of p53 and p27 and increased levels of cyclin D1 and cyclin E1. Taken together, our results suggest that p63 may play a pivotal role in the progression of esophageal squamous carcinoma cells through regulation of the cell cycle via the Akt signaling pathway.
- International journal of oncology.Int J Oncol.2014 Jun;44(6):2153-9. doi: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2374. Epub 2014 Apr 9.
- p63 is a member of the p53 protein family and plays a crucial role in epithelial development. p63 is expressed in many types of tumors including esophageal cancer; however, its function in cancer is controversial and its role in esophageal cancer has not been clearly established. In the present stud
- PMID 24718831
- Knockdown of NANOG enhances chemosensitivity of liver cancer cells to doxorubicin by reducing MDR1 expression.
- Zhou JJ1, Deng XG1, He XY2, Zhou Y1, Yu M1, Gao WC1, Zeng B1, Zhou QB1, Li ZH3, Chen RF1.Author information 1Department of Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.2Laboratory of Biomechanics and Physiology, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Sports Science, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.3Department of Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.AbstractMultidrug resistance (MDR) is one of the major reasons for the failure of liver cancer chemotherapy, and its suppression may increase the efficacy of chemotherapy. NANOG plays a key role in the regulation of embryonic stem cell self-renewal and pluripotency. Recent studies reported that NANOG was abnormally expressed in several types of tumors, indicating that NANOG is related to tumor development. However, the correlation between NANOG and liver cancer chemoresistance remains uncertain. In this study, RNA interfere technology was employed to knock down NANOG expression in HepG2 human liver cancer cells. We found that the knockdown of NANOG expression in NANOG siRNA-transfected HepG2 cells resulted in decreased colony formation rate and cell migration compared to control HepG2 cells. In addition, HepG2 cells were treated with doxorubicin to evaluate the chemosensitivity to doxorubicin. We found that the doxorubicin sensitivity of HepG2 cells was increased with downregulation of NANOG expression. The expression of MDR1 at both mRNA and protein levels was decreased in HepG2 cells when NANOG was knocked down. These findings suggest that the knockdown of NANOG in HepG2 human cells resulted in decreased MDR1 expression and increased doxorubicin sensitivity, and NANOG could be used as a novel potential therapeutic target to reverse multidrug resistance of liver cancer.
- International journal of oncology.Int J Oncol.2014 Jun;44(6):2034-40. doi: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2347. Epub 2014 Mar 19.
- Multidrug resistance (MDR) is one of the major reasons for the failure of liver cancer chemotherapy, and its suppression may increase the efficacy of chemotherapy. NANOG plays a key role in the regulation of embryonic stem cell self-renewal and pluripotency. Recent studies reported that NANOG was ab
- PMID 24647772
Japanese Journal
- 主成分分析を取り入れたArtificial Bee Colonyアルゴリズム
- 森 大輔,山口 智
- 電気学会論文誌. C, 電子・情報・システム部門誌 = IEEJ transactions on electronics, information and systems 135(4), 423-435, 2015-04
- NAID 40020439041
- Sensitivity and dose dependency of radiation-induced injury in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells in mice
- Guo Chang-Ying,Luo Lan,Urata Yoshishige,Goto Shinji,Huang Wen-Jing,Takamura Syu,Hayashi Fumiko,Doi Hanako,Kitajima Yuriko,Ono Yusuke,Ogi Tomoo,Li Tao-Sheng
- Scientific Reports 5, 8055, 2015-01-27
- … Daily exposure to over 10 mGy γ-ray significantly decreased the number and colony-forming capacity of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells at acute phase, and did not completely recover at chronic phase with 250 mGy exposure. … Interestingly, the daily exposure to 10 or 50 mGy γ-ray decreased the formation of mixed types of colonies at chronic phase, but the total number of colonies was comparable to control. …
- NAID 120005572529
- Increase in Bacterial Colony Formation from a Permafrost Ice Wedge Dosed with a Tomitella biformata Recombinant Resuscitation-Promoting Factor Protein
- , , , ,
- Microbes and Environments advpub(0), 2015
- … biformata from which it was isolated, but also enhanced colony formation by another Actinobacteria in an environmental sample. …
- NAID 130005061728
Related Links
- この評価にはマウスにおける造腫瘍性実験で確認できるが、その前段階としてin vitroで評価するsoft-agar colony formation assayがよく用いられる。 ...
- The soft agar colony formation assay is a method used to confirm cellular anchorage-independent growth in vitro. The goal of... ... The soft agar colony formation assay is a technique widely used to evaluate cellular transformation in ...
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
| リンク元 | 「colonize」「colony-forming」「コロニー形成」「colonisation」 |
| 関連記事 | 「formation」「colony」「colon」 |
「colonize」
- v.
- コロニー形成する
「colony-forming」
- コロニー形成の、集落形成の
「コロニー形成」
「colonisation」
「formation」
- n.
- 関
- architecture、composition、configure、conformation、constitution、form、makeup、orchestrate、organization、structure
「colony」
- n.
- (細菌の)コロニー