WordNet

(meteorology) a unit of pressure equal to a million dynes per square centimeter; "unfortunately some writers have used bar for one dyne per square centimeter"
secure with, or as if with, bars; "He barred the door"
(law) a railing that encloses the part of the courtroom where the judges and lawyers sit and the case is tried; "spectators were not allowed past the bar"
a counter where you can obtain food or drink; "he bought a hot dog and a coke at the bar"
a heating element in an electric fire; "an electric fire with three bars"
a horizontal rod that serves as a support for gymnasts as they perform exercises
a rigid piece of metal or wood; usually used as a fastening or obstruction or weapon; "there were bars in the windows to prevent escape"
an obstruction (usually metal) placed at the top of a goal; "it was an excellent kick but the ball hit the bar"
a submerged (or partly submerged) ridge in a river or along a shore; "the boat ran aground on a submerged bar in the river"
prevent from entering; keep out; "He was barred from membership in the club" (同)debar, exclude
tough protective covering of the woody stems and roots of trees and other woody plants
tan (a skin) with bark tannins
a sailing ship with 3 (or more) masts (同)barque
a noise resembling the bark of a dog
the sound made by a dog
remove the bark of a tree (同)skin
cover with bark
make barking sounds; "The dogs barked at the stranger"
speak in an unfriendly tone; "She barked into the dictaphone"
separate (a metal) from an ore
remove, usually with some force or effort; also used in an abstract sense; "pull weeds"; "extract a bad tooth"; "take out a splinter"; "extract information from the telegram" (同)pull_out, pull, pull up, take_out, draw_out
calculate the root of a number
get despite difficulties or obstacles; "I extracted a promise from the Dean for two new positions"
unusually or exceptionally; "an extra fast car"
something additional of the same kind; "he always carried extras in case of an emergency" (同)duplicate
an additional edition of a newspaper (usually to report a crisis)
further or added; "called for additional troops"; "need extra help"; "an extra pair of shoes" (同)additional
added to a regular schedule; "a special holiday flight"; "put on special buses for the big game" (同)special
any of numerous trees and shrubs producing a small fleshy round fruit with a single hard stone; many also produce a valuable hardwood (同)cherry_tree
wood of any of various cherry trees especially the black cherry
a red fruit with a single hard stone

PrepTutorEJDIC

(木または金属の)『棒』;棒状の物 / 横木,(戸・とびらなどの)かんぬき,横さん / (一般に)(…対する)『障害』《+『to』(『against』)+『名』》 / (また『sand bar』)(河口・港口の)砂州 / (光・色などの)線条,しま,帯 / (酒場・旅館などの)酒を出すカウンター;バー,酒場;簡易食堂 / 《the~》(法廷の裁判官席・被告席・弁護士席と一般席との間の)仕切り;《比諭(ひゆ)的に》法廷 / 《集合的に》弁護士団,法曹界;弁護士[業]: / (楽譜の小節を分ける)縦線;小節 / 〈戸・門など〉‘に'『かんぬきをさす』 / 〈道・通行など〉'を'『妨げる』,はばむ / 《通例受動態で》…‘に'線(筋)をつける / …'を'禁じる(forbid) / (…から)…'を'除外する,締め出す《+『名』+『from』(『out of』)+『名』》;(…に)…'を'とじ込める《+『名』+『in』+『名』》: / …の除いて(except)
木の皮,樹皮 / 〈木〉‘の'皮をはぐ / …'を'樹皮でおおう / …‘の'皮膚をすりむく
(…に)『ほえる』,ほえつく《+『at』+『名』》 / (…に)ほえるようにしゃべる,(…を)どなる《+『at』+『名』》 / …'を'どなって言う《+『名』+『out),+『out』+『名』》 / (犬・アザラシなどの)『ほえ声』 / どなり声 / 砲声,銃声,銃声
バーク(3本マストの帆船の一種) / 《詩》船
(…から)〈物〉‘を'『引き抜く』,抜き取る《+『名』+『from』+『名』》 / (‥から)〈金・情報・約束など〉‘を'『引き出す』《+『名』+『from』+『名』》 / (圧搾・蒸留などが)(…から)〈成分など〉‘を'絞り出す,抽出する《+『名』+『from』+『名』》 / (…から)〈喜び・慰めなど〉‘を'引き出す,得る《+『名』+『from』(『out of』)+『名』》 / (本などから)〈語句〉‘を'抜粋する,抜き出す《+『名』+『from』(『out of』)+『名』》 / 〈U〉〈C〉(自然の物質から調製した)濃縮液,精,エキス / 〈C〉(文学作品からの)引用句,抜粋《+『from』+『名』》
『余分の』(additional);『臨時の』,特別の,割増しの / 『付属するもの』(別売りの不属品など) / (新聞の)告外《+『to』+『名』》 / 割増し料金 / (映画の)エキストラ / 余分に / 異常に,特別に
〈C〉『サクランボ』 / 〈C〉『サクラの木』 / 〈U〉サクラ材 / 〈U〉サクラ色 / サクラ色の

UpToDate Contents

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1. リウマチ性疾患の補完・代替療法 complementary and alternative remedies in rheumatic disorders
2. 癌に対する補完代替療法 complementary and alternative therapies for cancer
3. アレルギー性鼻炎および結膜炎に対する補完代替療法 complementary and alternative therapies for allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis
4. クループの臨床的特徴、評価、および診断 clinical features evaluation and diagnosis of croup
5. ハーブ剤および栄養補助食品による肝毒性 hepatotoxicity due to herbal medications and dietary supplements

English Journal

Prunus yedoensis bark inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory cytokine synthesis by IκBα degradation and MAPK activation in macrophages.

Yun JM1, Im SB, Roh MK, Park SH, Kwon HA, Lee JY, Choi HY, Ham IH, Kim YB, Lee JM, Kim DO, Park KW, Kang H.
Journal of medicinal food.J Med Food.2014 Apr;17(4):407-13. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2013.2825.
The bark of Prunus yedoensis is used in antitussive medicines and in oral herbal formulations for inflammatory skin disorders. In the present study, we explored whether P. yedoensis bark extract (PYE) and its solvent partitioned fractions could modulate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced tumor necrosi
PMID 24720857

Plant profile, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Cordia dichotoma (Indian cherry): a review.

Jamkhande PG1, Barde SR, Patwekar SL, Tidke PS.
Asian Pacific journal of tropical biomedicine.Asian Pac J Trop Biomed.2013 Dec;3(12):1009-16. doi: 10.1016/S2221-1691(13)60194-X.
More than half of the world's population relies on the traditional medicine and major role of the traditional medicine including the use of plant extract and their active constituents. Among them, Cordia dichotoma Forst., a small to moderate size plant of family Boragenaceae, commonly called bhokar,
PMID 24093795

Vasorelaxant effect of Prunus yedoensis bark.

Lee K1, Ham I, Yang G, Lee M, Bu Y, Kim H, Choi HY.
BMC complementary and alternative medicine.BMC Complement Altern Med.2013 Feb 14;13:31. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-31.
BACKGROUND: Prunus yedoensis Matsum. is used as traditional medicine-'Yaeng-Pi' or 'Hua-Pi'-in Japan and Korea. However, no studies have examined the pharmacological activities of the P. yedoensis bark. Only the antioxidant and antiviral activities of P. yedoensis fruit and the anti-hyperglycaemic e
PMID 23410148

Japanese Journal

尋常性痤瘡患者に対する十味敗毒湯 (桜皮配合) の臨床効果と作用機序

竹村司,遠野弘美,与茂田敏,大窪敏樹
西日本皮膚科 76(2), 140-146, 2014
中等症以上を中心とした女性の尋常性痤瘡患者 44 名に対し，抗菌薬の内服を禁じ，桜皮 (ヤマザクラ Prunus jamasakura Siebold (バラ科)) を配合した漢方製剤の十味敗毒湯エキス製剤の内服と外用抗菌薬 (クリンダマイシンリン酸エステル製剤) の併用によって 12 週間の治療を行った。炎症性皮疹の改善度は改善以上が 34 例で累積改善率は 77.3％であり，調査薬剤による副作 …
NAID 130004831875

桜皮エキス配合内用液剤の微生物汚染とその対策

佐和章弘,大石輝雄,山嵜紘道,尾家重治,神谷晃
病院薬学 22(3), 294-298, 1996-06-10
… Cherry bark extract oral liquid preparations are widely used. … These preparation are obtained by adding senega syrup, apricot kernel water, and water to cherry bark extract (Brocin^<[○!R]>). … We investigated microbial contamination in the residual fluid after patients had taken cherry bark extract oral liquid preparations. …
NAID 110001799581

桜皮エキス配合内用液剤の微生物汚染とその対策

佐和章弘,大石輝雄,山嵜紘道,尾家重治,神谷晃
病院薬学 22(3), 294-298, 1996
… Cherry bark extract oral liquid preparations are widely used. … These preparation are obtained by adding senega syrup, apricot kernel water, and water to cherry bark extract (Brocin<SUP>®</SUP>) We investigated microbial contamination in the residual fluid after patients had taken cherry bark extract oral liquid preparations. …
NAID 130004299501