WordNet

a silvery soft waxy metallic element of the alkali metal group; occurs abundantly in natural compounds (especially in salt water); burns with a yellow flame and reacts violently in water; occurs in sea water and in the mineral halite (rock salt) (同)Na, atomic number 11

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ソジウム,ナトリウム(金属元素;化学記号はNa)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/10/14 17:07:46」(JST)

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Cefazolin (INN), also known as cefazoline or cephazolin, is a first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic.

The drug is usually administered by either intramuscular injection (injection into a large muscle) or intravenous infusion (intravenous fluid into a vein).

Indications[edit]

Cefazolin is mainly used to treat bacterial infections of the skin. It can also be used to treat moderately severe bacterial infections involving the lung, bone, joint, stomach, blood, heart valve, and urinary tract. It is clinically effective against infections caused by staphylococci and streptococci of Gram-positive bacteria. These organisms are common on normal human skin. Resistance to cefazolin is seen in several species of bacteria. Cefazolin is extensively used as prophylaxis antibiotic before wide range of surgical operations.

Spectrum of bacterial susceptibility and resistance[edit]

Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes are generally susceptible to cefazolin, while Bacteroides fragilis, Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter and Proteus mirabilis are resistant to it. Escherichia coli, Fusobacterium and Peptostreptococcus have developed resistance to cefazolin to varying degrees. For detailed information of minimum inhibition concentration of cefazolin, please refer to Cefazolin Susceptibilty and Resistance Data sheet. ^[1]

Adverse effects[edit]

Adverse drug reactions from cefazolin are not common. Possible side effects include diarrhea, stomach pain or upset stomach, vomiting, and rash.

Like those of several other cephalosporins, the chemical structure of cefazolin contains an N-methylthiodiazole (NMTD or 1-MTD) side-chain. As the antibiotic is broken down in the body, it releases free NMTD, which can cause hypoprothrombinemia (likely due to inhibition of the enzyme vitamin K epoxide reductase) and a reaction with ethanol similar to that produced by disulfiram (Antabuse), due to inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase.^[2]

Brands[edit]

Cefazolin is marketed under the following brand names: Ancef, Cefacidal, Cefamezin, Cefrina, Elzogram, Faxilen, Gramaxin, Kefazol, Kefol, Kefzolan, Kezolin, Novaporin, Reflin, Zinol and Zolicef.

References[edit]

^ "Cefazolin Susceptibilty and Resistance Data". Retrieved 15 August 2013.
^ Stork CM (2006). "Antibiotics, antifungals, and antivirals". In Nelson LH, Flomenbaum N, Goldfrank LR, Hoffman RL, Howland MD, Lewin NA (eds.). Goldfrank's toxicologic emergencies. New York: McGraw-Hill. p. 847. ISBN 0-07-143763-0. Retrieved 2009-07-03.

External links[edit]

MedlinePlus Drug Information: Cefazolin Sodium Injection.

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English Journal

Changes in the pattern of hospital intravenous antimicrobial use in Saudi Arabia, 2006-2008.

Al-Tawfiq JA.SourceDr. Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq, Saudi Aramco, PO Box 76, Dhahran 31911, Saudi Arabia, jaffar.tawfiq@aramco.com.
Annals of Saudi medicine.Ann Saudi Med.2012 Sep;32(5):517-20.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Hospitals should measure antimicrobial use based on the WHO's recommended metric, the defined daily dose (DDD). There is no data on antimicrobial usage based on DDD in Saudi Arabia. Thus, this study evaluates the trend in antimicrobial consumption based on this concept.DESI
PMID 22871622

Prevalence of blaZ Gene Types and the Inoculum Effect with Cefazolin among Bloodstream Isolates of Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus.

Livorsi DJ, Crispell E, Satola SW, Burd EM, Jerris R, Wang YF, Farley MM.SourceDivision of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy.Antimicrob Agents Chemother.2012 Aug;56(8):4474-7. Epub 2012 May 14.
We sought to define the prevalence of blaZ gene types and the inoculum effect to cefazolin among methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) bloodstream infections. The blaZ gene was present in 142/185 (77%) isolates. A total of 50 (27%) isolates had a ≥4-fold increase in the cefazolin MI
PMID 22585225

Japanese Journal

著しい多発性膿瘍を形成した血液透析患者の1例

日本透析医学会雑誌 = Journal of Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy 44(10), 1047-1052, 2011-10-28
NAID 10029861821

急性腹膜炎として治療し, 後に小腸嵌頓による腸管穿孔が判明したCAPD患者の1例

日本透析医学会雑誌 = Journal of Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy 43(8), 649-653, 2010-08-28
NAID 10026622490

A case of infectious erector spinae myositis during treatment of lumbar disk herniation

Acta Medica Kinki University 35(1), 45-48, 2010-06
NAID 120002318007

「セファゾリン」

Cefazolin
Systematic (IUPAC) name
	(6R,7R)-3-{[(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)thio]methyl}-8-oxo-7-[(1H-tetrazol-1-ylacetyl)amino]-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid
Clinical data
Trade names	Ancef, Kefzol
AHFS/Drugs.com	monograph
Pregnancy cat.	B1 (AU) B (US)
Legal status	℞ Prescription only
Routes	Intravenous, intramuscular
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	NA
Metabolism	?
Half-life	1.8 hours (given IV); 2 hours (given IM)
Excretion	Renal, unchanged
Identifiers
CAS number	25953-19-9
ATC code	J01DB04 QJ51DB04
PubChem	CID 33255
DrugBank	DB01327
ChemSpider	30723
UNII	IHS69L0Y4T
KEGG	D02299
ChEBI	CHEBI:474053
ChEMBL	CHEMBL1435
Chemical data
Formula	C14H14N8O4S3
Mol. mass	454.51 g/mol
	SMILES O=C2N1/C(=C(\CS[C@@H]1[C@@H]2NC(=O)Cn3nnnc3)CSc4nnc(s4)C)C(=O)O;
	InChI InChI=1S/C14H14N8O4S3/c1-6-17-18-14(29-6)28-4-7-3-27-12-9(11(24)22(12)10(7)13(25)26)16-8(23)2-21-5-15-19-20-21/h5,9,12H,2-4H2,1H3,(H,16,23)(H,25,26)/t9-,12-/m1/s1 ; Key:MLYYVTUWGNIJIB-BXKDBHETSA-N ;
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